Remote Serial Console HOWTO

Glen Turner

Australian Academic and Research Network

glen.turner+howto@aarnet.edu.au

Mark F. Komarinski

mkomarinskiATwayga.org

擔杮岅栿丗朏夑桋巎 -

yasufumi.haga@nifty.com

v2.4 2002擭 10寧 13擔

Revision History                                                       
Revision 2.4            2002擭10寧3擔                                  
僇乕僱儖僼儘乕惂屼偺僶僌忣曬偲働乕僽儕儞僌丄 Debian 偍傛傃 Livingston  
Portmaster 偺捛壛丄岆帤廋惓乮摿偵擔杮岅傊偺東栿偺嵺尒偮偐偭偨傕偺乯    
Revision 2.3            2002擭7寧11擔                                  
Red Hat Linux 7.3 梡偵傾僢僾僌儗乕僪丅僔儕傾儖億乕僩懍搙偲UART丄       
ioctlsave 偺廋惓丅                                                     
Revision 2.2            2002擭5寧22擔                                  
儅僀僫乕僠僃儞僕                                                       
Revision 2.1            2002擭5寧16擔         Revised by: gdt          
僇乕僱儖偺僐儞僜乕儖峔暥傪掶惓丅USB 偲 devfs傪捛壛                     
Revision 2.0            2002擭2寧2擔          Revised by: gdt          
戞擇斉                                                                 
Revision 亝1.0          2001擭3寧20擔         Revised by: mfk          
弶斉                                                                   

RS-232 偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偊偽丄旕摨婜僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵愙懕偟偨抂枛
傗儌僨儉偐傜 Linux 傪惂屼偱偒傞傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅偦偆側傟偽丄傕偆娗棟懳徾
儅僔儞偺儌僯僞乕傗儅僂僗丄僉乕儃乕僪傪巊傢側偔偰傕僔僗僥儉傪娗棟偱偒傑
偡丅僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偑栶偵棫偮偺偼丄 Linux 僔僗僥儉傪墦妘抧偺僒僀僩傗
丄偁傞偄偼崅枾搙偺儔僢僋偵攝旛偟偰偄傞偲偙傠側偺偱偡丅

偙偺 HOWTO 偱偼丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪愙懕偡傞偺偵昁梫側丄 Linux 偺愝掕
曽朄傪愢柧偟傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

專帿

巹 Glen Turner偼丄帺暘偺壠懓偵幱堄傪昞偟偨偄偲巚偄傑偡丅偙偺 HOWTO 傪彂
偔偨傔偵旕忢偵挿偄娫丄婔斢傕婔斢傕丄偙偺僾儘僕僃僋僩偵拲椡偱偒偨偺偼丄
壠懓偺偍偐偘偱偡丅 Karen, Kayla 偦偟偰 Ella丄偁傝偑偲偆丅

Table of Contents
1. 偼偠傔偵
   
    1.1. 僐儞僜乕儖偲偼壗偐丠
    1.2. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偆棟桼
    1.3. 乪僐儞僜乕儖乫 偺怴偟偄堄枴
    1.4. 愝掕偺奣梫
   
2. 弨旛
   
    2.1. 枩偑堦偵旛偊傞
    2.2. 僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪慖戰偡傞
    2.3. 僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺懍搙偲僷儔儊乕僞傪慖戰偡傞
    2.4. 儌僨儉傪愝掕偡傞丄偁傞偄偼僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖傪巊偆
    2.5. 抂枛偁傞偄偼抂枛僄儈儏儗乕僞傪愝掕偡傞
   
3. 昁梫側傜 BIOS 偺愝掕傪峴側偆
4. 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偡傞
   
    4.1. LILO 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偡傞
    4.2. GRUB 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偡傞
    4.3. SYSLINUX 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偡傞
   
5. Linux 僇乕僱儖偺愝掕曄峏
   
    5.1. LILO 傪巊偭偨 Linux 僇乕僱儖偺愝掕
    5.2. GRUB 傪巊偭偰偄傞 Linux 僇乕僱儖偺愝掕
    5.3. SYSLINUX 傪巊偭偰偄傞 Linux 僇乕僱儖偺愝掕
   
6. getty 傪愝掕偡傞
   
    6.1. init 僔僗僥儉
    6.2. 廬棃偺 getty
    6.3. agetty
    6.4. mgetty
    6.5. mingetty
    6.6. getty 柍偟
   
7. 晅悘偡傞偦偺懠偺愝掕
   
    7.1. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜 root 偑儘僌僀儞偱偒傞傛偆偵偡傞丅
    7.2. init 儗儀儖傪僥僉僗僩儗儀儖偵曄偊傞
    7.3. 曐懚偟偰偁傞僐儞僜乕儖偺愝掕傪嶍彍偡傞
    7.4. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偼 /dev/modem 偱偼側偄
    7.5. /dev/systty 偺僞乕僎僢僩傪曄峏偡傞丅
    7.6. PAM(Pluggable Authentication Modules) 偺愝掕
    7.7. Red Hat Linux 傪愝掕偡傞
   
8. 儕僽乕僩偲僥僗僩
   
    8.1. 僐儞僜乕儖憖嶌偺専徹
    8.2. 曐懚偟偨僐儞僜乕儖偺愝掕傪嵞嶌惉偡傞
    8.3. 僐儞僜乕儖傪僥僗僩偡傞
    8.4. 偙偙偐傜師偼偳偙傊丠
   
9. 僙僉儏儕僥傿
   
    9.1. 椙偄僷僗儚乕僪傪巊偆
    9.2. "Data Terminal Ready" 偲 "Data Carrier Detect" 偵廬偆
    9.3. 僟儉儌僨儉傪巊偆丄偁傞偄偼愝掕偡傞丅
    9.4. 僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕傪惂尷偡傞
    9.5. 儌僨儉偺婡擻傪梡偄偰巊梡傪惂尷偡傞
    9.6. BIOS 偺摿挜
    9.7. 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺僷僗儚乕僪傪巊偆
    9.8. 旕懳榖揑僽乕僩僔乕働儞僗
    9.9. 儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕
    9.10. Ctrl-Alt-Delete 偺摦偒傪挷惍偡傞
    9.11. 傾僋僙僗枹悑偺儘僌
    9.12. 揹榖夞慄儕儞僋偺搻挳傊偺懳墳
   
10. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪僒億乕僩偡傞傛偆偵丄僇乕僱儖傪愝掕偡傞
   
    10.1. Linux 僇乕僱儖偺僶乕僕儑儞 2.5
    10.2. Linux 僇乕僱儖偺僶乕僕儑儞 2.4
    10.3. Linux 僇乕僱儖偺僶乕僕儑儞 2.2
   
11. 僔儕傾儖働乕僽儖偺徻嵶
   
    11.1. 梡岅
    11.2. 僐儞僜乕儖億乕僩丒儌僨儉娫偺働乕僽儖
    11.3. 僐儞僜乕儖億乕僩偲抂枛乮傑偨偼暿偺PC乯娫偺働乕僽儖
    11.4. 僔儕傾儖働乕僽儖偺嶌惉
   
12. 儌僨儉偺愝掕
   
    12.1. Minicom 傪巊偭偰儌僨儉偵僐儅儞僪傪憲傞
    12.2. 僟儉儌僨儉傪愝掕偡傞
    12.3. AT 僐儅儞僪偱儌僨儉傪愝掕偡傞
    12.4. 撪憼儌僨儉
    12.5. WinModem
   
A. 僶僌偲崲傝偛偲
   
    A.1. Linux 僇乕僱儖偺僼儘乕惂屼
    A.2. Red Hat Linux 7.1 偲 SysVinit
    A.3. BIOS丄僉乕儃乕僪丄偦偟偰價僨僆僇乕僪
    A.4. 儕僽乕僩偱儌僨儉偑僴儞僌傾僢僾偡傞
    A.5. init 偲 syslog 偺弌椡偼曗彆僐儞僜乕儖偵偼昞帵偝傟側偄丅
    A.6. 愙懕偟偰傕僐儞僜乕儖偑墳摎偟側偄
    A.7. 弶婜壔拞偵儌僨儉偑僴儞僌傾僢僾偡傞
    A.8. 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偵偼僼儘乕惂屼偑側偄
    A.9. 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偼儔僀儞僲僀僘偵庛偄
    A.10. Advanced Power Management
    A.11. 儌僨儉偲崙嵺揹榖偺昁梫忦審
   
B. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜僼傽僀儖傪傾僢僾儘乕僪偡傞
   
    B.1. 僐儞僜乕儖偵儘僌傪庢傜側偄傛偆偵偡傞
    B.2. "ASCII 傾僢僾儘乕僪" 偲 cat
    B.3. Xmodem, Ymodem 偍傛傃 Zmodem
    B.4. Kermit
   
C. Red Hat Linux 傪僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偡傞
   
    C.1. 僽乕僩僨傿僗僋傪慖傇
    C.2. 僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偆傛偆偵 BIOS 傪愝掕偡傞丅
    C.3. DTR 傪柍帇偟偰丄DCD 傪傾僒乕僩偡傞傛偆偵儌僨儉傪愝掕偡傞
    C.4. 僱僢僩儚乕僋僀儞僗僩乕儖梡僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋傪梡堄偡傞
    C.5. HTTP 僒乕僶乕傪弨旛偡傞
    C.6. 僱僢僩儚乕僋愝掕傪婰榐偟偰偍偔
    C.7. LILO 偺愝掕傪婰榐偟偰偍偔
    C.8. Red Hat 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞傪傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偡傞
    C.9. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡偺僽乕僩僨傿僗僋傪嶌傞
    C.10. 嶲峫暥專
   
D. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜丄 DebianGNU/Linux 傪傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偡傞
E. 僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偺愝掕
   
    E.1. 拞屆偺僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕傪峸擖偡傞嵺偺峫椂帠崁
    E.2. Cisco 2511
    E.3. Xyplex/iTouch MAXserver 1600
    E.4. Xylogics/Bay/Nortel Annex
    E.5. Livingston/Lucent Portmaster
   
F. 奐敪幰傊偺偍婅偄
   
    F.1. 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺嶌幰傊偺偍婅偄
    F.2. BIOS 偺嶌幰傊偺偍婅偄
   
G. 偙偺 HOWTO 偵偮偄偰
   
    G.1. 挊嶌尃
    G.2. 柶愑忦崁
    G.3. 幱帿
    G.4. 僐儊儞僩偲掶惓
    G.5. 擔杮岅斉幱帿
   
Colophon

List of Tables
1-1. 乪僐儞僜乕儖乪傪巜偡偄傠偄傠側尵梩
2-1. 摨偠僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵懳偡傞條乆側柤慜
2-2. IBM PC/AT 偺 RS-232 億乕僩梡偵巊梡偡傞妱傝崬傒
4-1. SYSLINUX 偺僼儘乕惂屼價僢僩儅僢僾
10-1. IBM-PC/AT 偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺價僢僩儗乕僩偲丄偦偺價僢僩僋儘僢僋偺
    彍悢

List of Figures
2-1. /etc/rc.serial 偱 setserial 僐儅儞僪傪巊偄丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩 /dev/
    ttyS2 傪柍岠偵偡傞丅
2-2. 奼挘 BNF 婰朄偱昞偟偨僔儕傾儖價僢僩儗乕僩峔暥
2-3. 奼挘 BNF 婰朄偵傛傞僔儕傾儖僷儕僥傿峔暥
2-4. 奼挘 BNF 婰朄偵傛傞僔儕傾儖僨乕僞價僢僩峔暥
2-5. 奼挘 BNF 婰朄偵傛傞僔儕傾儖僗僩僢僾價僢僩峔暥
2-6. 奼挘 BNF 婰朄偵傛傞僔儕傾儖僼儘乕惂屼偺峔暥
2-7. 奼挘 BNF 婰朄偵傛傞僇乕僱儖偺僔儕傾儖僷儔儊乕僞峔暥
4-1. EBNF 偵傛傞 LILO 偺 serial 僐儅儞僪彂幃
4-2. EBNF婰朄偵傛傞 LILO 偺 serial 曄悢
4-3. LILO 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺愝掕僒儞僾儖
4-4. md5crypt 傪巊偭偰丄 GRUB 梡偺僴僢僔儏偟偨僷僗儚乕僪傪嶌傞
4-5. 僷僗儚乕僪傪梫媮偡傞傛偆偵偟偨 GRUB 偺愝掕
4-6. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡偺 GRUB 偺愝掕
4-7. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偍傛傃丄晅懏偺儌僯僞乕丒僉乕儃乕僪梡偺 GRUB 偺愝
    掕
4-8. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偲晅懏偺儌僯僞乕梡偵愝掕偟偨応崌偺丄僨僼僅儖僩僨
    僶僀僗傊偺 GRUB 偺弌椡
4-9. VT100 埲奜偺抂枛偱僐儅儞僪儔僀儞僀儞僞僼僃乕僗傪巊偆応崌偺 GRUB 偺
    愝掕
4-10. GRUB 偺儊僯儏乕偵僔儞僌儖儐乕僓乕儌乕僪偺僆僾僔儑儞傪捛壛偡傞
4-11. EBNF 婰朄偵傛傞丄 SYSLINUX 偺 serial 僐儅儞僪峔暥
4-12. EBNF 婰朄偵傛傞丄 SYSLINUX 偺 serial 曄悢
5-1. EBNF 婰朄偵傛傞僇乕僱儖偺 console 峔暥
5-2. 價僨僆僇乕僪晅 PC 偱悇彠偡傞僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞
5-3. 價僨僆僇乕僪柍偟偺 PC 偱悇彠偡傞僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞
5-4. LILO 傪愝掕偡傞嵺偺丄悇彠偡傞僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞
5-5. GRUB 偺愝掕偱悇彠偡傞僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞
5-6. SYSLINUX 偺愝掕偱悇彠偡傞僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞
6-1. 愙懕偟偰偄傞抂枛偺庬椶偲宆傪懳榖揑偵曄峏偡傞
6-2. getty 偼丄 /etc/inittab 偺僄儞僩儕偵婎偯偒 init 偑婲摦偡傞
6-3. gettydefs 偵 CON9600 傪掕媊偡傞
6-4. EBNF婰朄偵傛傞丄/etc/gettydefs 偺僄儞僩儕峔暥
6-5. agetty 梡偺 /etc/inittab 僄儞僩儕
6-6. mgetty 梡 /etc/inittab 僄儞僩儕
6-7. mgetty 偺愝掕僼傽僀儖丄 mgetty.config
6-8. 壖憐抂枛偺悢傪尭傜偡丅/etc/inittab 偐傜 mingetty 僄儞僩儕傪庢傝彍
    偔丅
6-9. 壖憐抂枛傪尭傜偡丅枹巊梡偺壖憐抂枛傪夝曻偟丄偦偺僨僶僀僗僼傽僀儖傪
    嶍彍偡傞丅
6-10. getty 傪巊傢側偄応崌偵丄僐儞僜乕儖偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪儘僢僋偡傞丄
    /etc/rc.serial 偺撪梕
7-1. root 偑僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜儘僌僀儞偱偒傞傛偆偵丄 securetty 傪曄
    峏偡傞丅
7-2. Red Hat Linux 7.2 偺 Xservers
7-3. Red Hat Linux 7.2 偺 gdm.conf 偵偁傞 [servers] 僙僋僔儑儞
7-4. 曐懚偟偰偁傞僐儞僜乕儖僷儔儊乕僞偑擖偭偰偄傞 ioctl.save 偺嶍彍
7-5. 傕偟 /dev/modem 偑僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺億乕僩傪巜偟偰偄傟偽丄偦傟傪
    嶍彍偡傞丅
7-6. /etc/makedev.d/linux-2.4.x 偵偁傞丄 /dev/systty 偺僨僼僅儖僩抣
7-7. MAKEDEV 偺愝掕僼傽僀儖偵偁傞 /dev/systty 偺抣傪曄峏偡傞
7-8. /dev/systty 偺怴偟偄抣傪僀儞僗僩乕儖偡傞
7-9. console.perms 偺僨僼僅儖僩 <console> 偼晅懏偺僉乕儃乕僩丒儌僯僞乕
    傪巜偟偰偄傞丅
7-10. console.perms 偺僨僼僅儖僩僨僶僀僗堦棗
7-11. 晅懏偺僉乕儃乕僪丒儌僯僞乕偵昁梫側 console.perms 偺僨僶僀僗
7-12. console.perms 偵 <sconsole> 傪捛壛偟偰丄偦傟偑僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖
    傪巜偡傛偆偵偡傞丅
7-13. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巜偡傛偆曄峏偝傟偨 console.perms 偺巆傝偺僨僶
    僀僗
7-14. Red Hat Linux 梡偺 /etc/sysconfig/init 偺曄峏
7-15. Red Hat Linux 梡偺 /etc/sysconfig/kudzu 偺曄峏
8-1. 僔儞僌儖儐乕僓乕儌乕僪偵擖傜偢偵丄ioctlsave 傪巊偭偰 /etc/
    ioctl.save 傪惗惉偡傞
9-1. Crackers favour war dialling and weak passwords 乮僋儔僢僇乕偼揹榖
    偲庛偄僷僗儚乕僪偑偍婥偵擖傝乯偐傜偺敳悎
9-2. 儘僌儊僢僙乕僕偺僐僺乕傪儘僌僒乕僶乕傊憲傞傛偆偵廋惓偟偨 /etc/
    syslog.conf
9-3. /etc/sysconfig/syslog 偺僆僾僔儑儞傪愝掕偟偰丄儕儌乕僩偺儘僌儊僢僙
    乕僕傪嫋壜偡傞丅
9-4. remote.example.edu.au 傊偺 syslog 儊僢僙乕僕傪惂尷偡傞
9-5. nscd 傪巊偭偰 DNS 偺媡堷偒傪僉儍僢僔儏偡傞丅
9-6. 僐儞僜乕儖儐乕僓乕傊偺儊僢僙乕僕憲怣傪惂尷偡傞丅
9-7. /etc/profile.d/mesg.sh丄僐儞僜乕儖儐乕僓乕傊偺儊僢僙乕僕憲怣傪惂尷
    偡傞丅
9-8. /etc/profile.d/mesg.csh丄僐儞僜乕儖儐乕僓乕傊偺儊僢僙乕僕憲怣傪惂
    尷偡傞丅
9-9. 僼傽僀儖傪 /etc/profile.d 偵僀儞僗僩乕儖偡傞丅
9-10. sysctl 傪巊偭偰丄儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕傪柍岠偵偡傞丅
9-11. 儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕傪柍岠偵偡傞丄 /etc/sysctl.conf 偺愝掕丅
9-12. SysRq 僉乕傪柍岠偵偟偨丄僇乕僱儖偺 make menuconfig
9-13. SysRq 僉乕傪柍岠偵偟偰偄傞僇乕僱儖偺 .config
9-14. /etc/inittab 偱偺 Ctrl-Alt-Delete 偺僨僼僅儖僩張棟
9-15. Ctrl-Alt-Delete 傪柍帇偡傞 /etc/inittab 偺愝掕
9-16. /etc/inittab 撪偺 Ctrl-Alt-Delete 偵傛偭偰惓偟偔僔儍僢僩僟僂儞偡
    傞丅
10-1. make menuconfig 傪巊偭偨僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡僇乕僱儖愝掕
10-2. .config 傪梡偄偨丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺僇乕僱儖峔惉
10-3. make menuconfig 傪巊偭偨 USB 僪儞僌儖偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡僇乕僱
    儖愝掕
10-4. .config 傪巊偭偨 USB 僨僶僀僗偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡僇乕僱儖愝掕
10-5. make menuconfig 傪梡偄偨僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡偺僇乕僱儖愝掕
10-6. .config 傪巊偭偨僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡偺僇乕僱儖愝掕
11-1. 僗僥乕僞僗偲僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪姰慡偵偟偨僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖
11-2. 僗僥乕僞僗偲僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪姰慡偵偟偨暿僶乕僕儑儞偺僰儖儌僨儉働
    乕僽儖
11-3. 僗僥乕僞僗偲僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪夵憿偟偨僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖
11-4. 僗僥乕僞僗傕僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傕側偄僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖
11-5. 僗僥乕僞僗傕僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傕側偄曅曽岦偺僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖
12-1. 僟儉儌僨儉偺僼儘儞僩僷僱儖
12-2. 儌僨儉偺億乕僩懍搙傪挷傋傞
12-3. AT 僐儅儞僪傪巊偭偰儌僨儉傪愝掕偡傞
12-4. 僿僀僘偺 AT 屳姺儌僨儉傪儕僙僢僩偡傞丅
A-1. CTS/RTS 僼儘乕惂屼傪峴側偆丄僇乕僱儖偺 console 僷儔儊乕僞
A-2. 僐儞僜乕儖偺 CTS/RTS 僼儘乕惂屼梡僇乕僱儖僜乕僗僐乕僪
A-3. 儅僔儞偺弶婜壔拞丄setserial 偼儌僨儉傪僴儞僌傾僢僾偝偣傞尨場偵側傞
B-1. Red Hat Linux 偱僐儞僜乕儖傊偺僇乕僱儖儊僢僙乕僕傪梷巭偡傞
C-1. 僔儕傾儖儕儞僋傪巊偆偨傔偵 BIOS 傪愝掕偡傞
C-2. 僴乕僪僨傿僗僋偐傜僽乕僩偡傞傛偆 BIOS 傪愝掕偡傞
C-3. Red Hat Linux 7.2 偺 mkbootdisk 偐傜敳偒弌偡丅偙傟偱 SYSLINUX.CFG
    傪嶌傞
C-4. mkbootdisk 偐傜敳偒弌偟偰曄峏偟偨傕偺丅僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偆
    SYSLINUX.CFG 傪嶌傞
E-1. Linux PC 偑偮側偑偭偰偄傞 Cisco 2511 僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偵懳偡傞婎
    杮愝掕
E-2. Portmaster 儐僯僢僩偺愝掕
E-3. Portmaster 偺億乕僩愝掕
F-1. /dev/nvram 傪愝掕偟偰丄CMOS 偺愝掕偵傾僋僙僗偡傞
F-2. CMOS 偺愝掕傪摼傞
F-3. CMOS 偺撪梕傪愝掕偡傞

List of Examples
4-1. 僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞傪巊偭偰傾僋僙僗僷乕儈僢僔儑儞傪夞旔偡傞
5-1. 儀儞僟乕偑僀儞僗僩乕儖偟偨丄 LILO 偺愝掕偺慡暥
5-2. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖岦偗偺廋惓傪壛偊偨丄LILO 愝掕偺慡暥
5-3. 儀儞僟乕偑僀儞僗僩乕儖偟偨丄GRUB 偺愝掕偺慡暥
5-4. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡偵廋惓偟偨丄GRUB 偺愝掕偺慡暥
8-1. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偵揹榖偟偰愙懕偡傞
C-1. 僀儞僞乕僱僢僩僾儘僩僐儖乮IP乯偺愝掕傪昞帵偡傞
C-2. LILO 偺愝掕傪昞帵偡傞

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 1. 偼偠傔偵

                                    console乮僐儞僜乕儖乯柤帉 [儔僥儞岅
                                    偺 consolatio(n) 傛傝丅 乬埨妝丄惛 
                                    恄揑堅傔偺堄丅乭] 僆儁儗乕僞偵挗帿 
                                    傗巰朣婰帠傪昞帵偟偨傝報嶞偟偨傝偡 
                                    傞偨傔偺憰抲丅                     
                                                                       
                                    Stan Kelly-Bootle, The Computer    
                                    Contradictionary [1].              
                                                                       
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

1.1. 僐儞僜乕儖偲偼壗偐丠

僐儞僜乕儖偲偼丄僔僗僥儉娗棟儊僢僙乕僕梡偺僥僉僗僩弌椡憰抲偺偙偲偱偡丅
偙偆偄偭偨儊僢僙乕僕偼丄僇乕僱儖偐傜傕弌偰偔傞偟丄 init 僔僗僥儉偐傜傕
弌傑偡丅偦傟偵僔僗僥儉儘僌嵦庢僾儘僌儔儉偐傜傕弌偰偒傑偡丅

嵟嬤偺彫宆僐儞僺儏乕僞偱偼丄僐儞僜乕儖偼捠忢丄偦偺僐儞僺儏乕僞偵晅懏偟
偰偄傞儌僯僞乕偲僉乕儃乕僪偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅

堦曽丄愄偐傜偢偭偲巊偭偰偄傞僐儞僺儏乕僞偺僐儞僜乕儖偼丄 DEC VT100 偺傛
偆側抂枛傪丄 RS-232 偱愙懕偟偨傕偺偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅偙偺抂枛偼巤忶偝傟偨
晹壆偺拞偵偁傝丄儈僯僐儞僺儏乕僞偺僆儁儗乕僞偑昿斏偵娔帇偟偰偄傑偡丅
Sun 傗 Hewlett-Packard丄 IBM 偺戝婯柾僔僗僥儉偱偼丄崱偱傕僔儕傾儖僐儞僜
乕儖傪巊偭偰偄傑偡丅

僐儞僜乕儖偼丄捠忢儘僌僀儞壜擻偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅偦偟偰堦斣怣棅偱偒傞儘僌
僀儞僙僢僔儑儞偼丄懠偱傕側偄僐儞僜乕儖偐傜偺儘僌僀儞僙僢僔儑儞偩偲丄僆
儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偺懡偔偺晹暘偼峫偊傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄僐儞僜乕儖偐傜
僗乕僷乕儐乕僓乕偱偁傞 root 偱儘僌僀儞偡傞偲偄偆偺偼丄僔僗僥儉偺摦嶌堎
忢偵捈柺偟偨応崌偺嵟屻偺嵲偲側傞丄愗嶥偺僐儅儞僪儔僀儞側偺偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

1.2. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偆棟桼

晛捠偺儐乕僓乕偵偼丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傛傝傕丄捈愙偮側偑偭偰偄傞僉乕儃
乕僪偲夋柺傪僐儞僜乕儖偵偟偰偄傞曽偑丄儊儕僢僩偼戝偒偄傕偺偱偡丅僔儕傾
儖僐儞僜乕儖偼傕偭偲掅懍偱丄 80寘24峴偺夋柺傪杽傔傞偺偵偐偐傞帪娫偼 1
昩偵傕側傝傑偡丅偦傟偵晛捠偼丄旕僾儘億乕僔儑僫儖僼僅儞僩偺 ASCII 僥僉僗
僩偟偐僒億乕僩偟傑偣傫偟丄塸岅埲奜偺尵岅僒億乕僩傕尷傜傟偰偄傑偡丅壙奿
偵偟偰傕丄拞屆偺 PC 傛傝怴昳偺抂枛偺曽偑崅妟偵側傞偙偲偑偁傝傑偡丅

偦傟偱傕僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偑栶偵棫偮応柺偑偄偔偮偐偁傝傑偡丅偦傟偼丄

墦妘抧偵偁傞僐儞僺儏乕僞偺僔僗僥儉娗棟傪偡傞
   
    Linux 偼柍恖僒僀僩偵攝抲偡傞偺偵揔偟偨僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偱偡
    丅偦傟偵 DNS 僒乕價僗傗 DHCP 僒乕價僗偲偄偭偨丄僱僢僩儚乕僋僀儞僼儔
    偺妀偵側傞僒乕價僗偺儂僗僥傿儞僌偵傕揔偟偰偄傑偡丅偙偺傛偆側僒乕價
    僗偼丄堦斒偵慻怐偺偳偺晹栧偱傕愝抲偟傑偡丅拞偵偼丄婯柾偑彫偝夁偓偨
    傝墦嫍棧偡偓偰丄忣曬媄弍僗僞僢僼傪攝抲偱偒側偄偲偙傠傕偁傞偱偟傚偆
    丅
   
    偦偆偄偭偨墦妘抧偵偁傞僐儞僺儏乕僞偺僔僗僥儉娗棟偵偼丄晛捠偼 SSH 傪
    巊偄傑偡丅偟偐偟丄僜僼僩僂僃傾忈奞傪恌抐偟偰廋惓偡傞偵偼丄僐儞僜乕
    儖偵傾僋僙僗偡傞偟偐庤偑柍偄帪偑偁傝傑偡丅僀儞僗僩乕儖嵪傒偺僨傿僗
    僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偵懳偟偰丄婋尟傪敽偆廳梫側傾僢僾僌儗乕僪傪峴側偆帪
    傕丄僐儞僜乕儖偵傾僋僙僗偡傞昁梫偑偁傞偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅
   
    偙偆偄偆応崌偼丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪儌僨儉偵偮側偓傑偡丅偦偟偰偦偺
    儌僨儉偵揹榖偡傟偽丄墦妘抧偺僐儞僺儏乕僞偐傜僐儞僜乕儖傊傾僋僙僗偱
    偒傞傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅偙偆偡傟偽丄偳偺傛偆側揹榖偐傜偱傕丄僐儞僜乕儖
    偵摓払偱偒傞傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅
   
僐儞僺儏乕僞傪崅枾搙儔僢僋偵儅僂儞僩偡傞
   
    僷乕僜僫儖僐儞僺儏乕僞傪僋儔僗僞乕偵偡傞偲丄儊僀儞僼儗乕儉僐儞僺儏
    乕僞傛傝傕桪傟偨惈擻偑敪婗偱偒傑偡丅偦傟偵丄傾僾儕働乕僔儑儞偵傛偭
    偰偼丄懠偵晧偗側偄傛偆側僗乕僷乕僐儞僺儏乕僞傕嶌傟傑偡丅僋儔僗僞儕
    儞僌偺徻嵶偼丄 Cluster-HOWTO <http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/
    Cluster-HOWTO.html> 傪嶲徠偟偰壓偝偄丅
   
    偙偆偄偭偨僋儔僗僞乕偼丄堦斒偵 19 僀儞僠偺捠怣憰抲梡儔僢僋偵慻傑傟
    偰偍傝丄奺僐儞僺儏乕僞偺僔僗僥儉儐僯僢僩偺岤偝偼丄捠忢 1 儔僢僋扨埵
    乮偮傑傝 1.75 僀儞僠乯乮栿拲丗 1U乯偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄僉乕儃
    乕僪偲儌僯僞乕偼儔僢僋偵抲偐側偄曽偑偄偄偱偡丅彫偝側僽儔僂儞娗偺儌
    僯僞乕偱傕丄16 儔僢僋扨埵乮栿拲丗 16U乯暘偺僗儁乕僗偼巊偄愗偭偰偟傑
    偆偱偟傚偆偐傜偹丅
   
    偙偺応崌丄堦尒丄儌僯僞乕偲僉乕儃乕僪偺愗懼婍傪偮偗傞偺偑嵟椙偺夝寛
    朄偺傛偆偵巚偊傑偡丅偟偐偟儌僯僞乕傊弌椡偡傞 VGA 怣崋偼旝庛偱偡丅偱
    偡偐傜丄僗僀僢僠傪偮偗偨偲偟偰傕丄儌僯僞乕傪僐儞僺儏乕僞偺儔僢僋偐
    傜偁傑傝棧偟偰抲偔偙偲偼偱偒傑偣傫丅
   
    偦傟傛傝傕丄儅僔儞儖乕儉偺傛偆側旕忢偵旓梡偺偐偐傞応強偵抲偐偢丄傓
    偟傠僐儞僺儏乕僞僙儞僞乕偺僆儁儗乕僞儖乕儉偱丄僐儞僜乕儖偑娔帇偱偒
    傞傛偆偵偟偨偄偱偡偹丅墦妘惂屼偑偱偒偰丄岝僼傽僀僶乕偱墑挿偱偒傞儌
    僯僞乕僗僀僢僠傕巊偊傑偡偑丄偙偺曽朄偼旓梡偑崅妟偵側傞偙偲偑偁傝傑
    偡丅
   
    堦曽丄RS-232 偩偲丄昗弨揑側働乕僽儖偱傕丄挿偝偑15儊乕僩儖偺傕偺偑偁
    傝傑偡偟丄傕偭偲挿偔偡傞偺傕娙扨偱偡丅偦傟偵働乕僽儖偺堷偒夞偟傕埨
    偔嵪傒傑偡丅僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕傪巊偊偽丄抂枛 1 戜偱嵟戝 90 戜偺僔儕
    傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偵傾僋僙僗偱偒傞傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅
   
僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕傪婰榐偡傞
   
    偙傟偼擇庬椶偺傑偭偨偔堎側傞忬嫷偱栶偵棫偪傑偡丅
   
    僇乕僱儖偺僄儔乕儊僢僙乕僕偼丄昞帵偝傟偰傕偦偺屻弖帪偵僐儞僺儏乕僞
    偑儕僽乕僩偟偰偟傑偆偺偱丄偦偺僄儔乕撪梕偼暘偐傝傑偣傫丅僇乕僱儖偺
    僾儘僌儔儅偼偙偆偄偭偨偙偲偵傛偔捈柺偟傑偡丅偙偺儊僢僙乕僕傪婰榐偟
    偰偍偔偺偵丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偑巊偊傑偡丅懠偺 Linux 儅僔儞傪僔儕傾
    儖抂枛偵偟偰傕偐傑偄傑偣傫丅
   
    埨慡惈傪峫椂偟偰愝抲偟偨儅僔儞偺拞偵偼丄僙僉儏儕僥傿偵娭傢傞僀儀儞
    僩傪偡傋偰丄庤傪壛偊偢偦偺傑傑儘僌偵婰榐偡傞昁梫偑偁傞傕偺偑偁傝傑
    偡丅僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕傪偡傋偰報嶞偡傞偲偄偆偺偑丄偙偺梫審傪枮偨
    偡堦偮偺曽朄偱偡丅僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪僔儕傾儖僾儕儞僞乕偵愙懕偡傟
    偽丄偙偺忦審偼払惉偱偒傑偡丅 [2]
   
慻傒崬傒僜僼僩僂僃傾傪奐敪偡傞
   
    Linux 偼丄慻傒崬傒傾僾儕働乕僔儑儞偺僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偲偟偰
    丄傑偡傑偡巊傢傟傞傛偆偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅偙偺傛偆側僐儞僺儏乕僞偵偼僉
    乕儃乕僪傕夋柺傕偁傝傑偣傫丅
   
    偙偺慻傒崬傒僐儞僺儏乕僞偵丄僜僼僩僂僃傾奐敪幰偑捈愙傾僋僙僗偱偒傞
    傛偆偡傞娙扨側曽朄偑丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偆偙偲偱偡丅偙傟偼僨僶僢僌
    偵偼傑偙偲偵婱廳側傕偺偱偡丅慻傒崬傒僐儞僺儏乕僞梡偵愝寁偝傟偰偄傞
    僠僢僾僙僢僩偺傎偲傫偳偵僔儕傾儖億乕僩偑偁傞偺偼丄傑偝偵偙偺偨傔側
    偺偱偡丅
   
    偙偺 RS-232 億乕僩偼丄弌壸偡傞惢昳偱偼丄奜晹僐僱僋僞偵弌偡昁梫偼偁
    傝傑偣傫偑丄弌偟偰偍偄偰丄傾僢僾僨乕僩偡傞僜僼僩僂僃傾傪僟僂儞儘乕
    僪偡傞偺偵傕傛偔巊偄傑偡丅
   
捠怣憰抲梡曐庣抂枛偵偡傞
   
    Linux 偼捠怣憰抲撪偺僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偲偟偰丄傑偡傑偡巊傢傟
    傞傛偆偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅 Carrier Grade Linux <http://www.osdlab.org/
    projects/cgl/> 僐儞僜乕僔傾儉偱偼丄偙偺棳傟傪壛懍偟堦尦壔偟偨偄偲巚
    偭偰偄傑偡丅
   
    傎偲傫偳偺捠怣憰抲偼丄棧傟偨応強偵偁傞僐儞僺儏乕僞偑墦妘娗棟偟偰偄
    傑偡丅偱傕僒僀僩偺媄弍幰偨偪乮捠怣嬈奅梡岅偱偼曐庣梫堳偲偄偄傑偡乯
    偼丄偙偺憰抲偵傾僋僙僗偟偰丄愝抲偺曄峏忬嫷傪挷傋偨傝丄曬崘偝傟偨忈
    奞傪挷傋偨傝偡傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅偙偺曐庣梫堳偑巊偆抂枛偺偙偲傪曐庣
    抂枛偲偄偄傑偡丅曐庣抂枛偼捠怣憰抲偺曐庣僀儞僞僼僃乕僗僾儔僌偵嵎偟
    崬傫偱偁傝傑偡丅僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偼棟憐揑側曐庣僀儞僞僼僃乕僗偵側
    傞偺偱偡丅
   
儈僯僐儞僺儏乕僞僔僗僥儉偲偼堘偄丄 IBM PC 偼僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偆傛
偆側愝寁偵偼側偭偰偄傑偣傫偱偟偨丅偟偐偟丄偙傟偱偼晄搒崌側偙偲偑擇偮弌
偰偒傑偡丅

戞堦偵丄揹尮搳擖帪偺僙儖僼僥僗僩儊僢僙乕僕偲婎杮擖弌椡僔僗僥儉乮偮傑傝
BIOS乯偺儊僢僙乕僕偼夋柺偵憲傜傟丄儐乕僓乕偺擖椡偼僉乕儃乕僪偐傜庴偗庢
傞傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅偙偆側傞偲丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偭偰 BIOS 傪嵞愝掕偡傞
偺偑擄偟偔側傝丄揹尮搳擖帪偺僙儖僼僥僗僩偺僄儔乕傕傢偐傜側偔側傝傑偡丅

儔僢僋儅僂儞僩僒乕僶乕憰抲偺惢憿嬈幰悢偼傑偡傑偡憹壛偟偰偍傝丄偦偺惢憿
嬈幰偼帺暘偨偪偺 BIOS 傪曄峏偟偰丄 RS-232 億乕僩傪僆僾僔儑儞偱巊偊傞傛
偆偵偟偰偄傑偡丅偙傟偼 BIOS 傪愝掕偟偨傝丄僥僗僩儊僢僙乕僕傪庴偗庢傞偨
傔偺傕偺偱偡丅儅僔儞丄嬶懱揑偵偄偊偽僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪梡偄偰塣梡偡傞
儅僔儞傪峸擖偡傞偮傕傝側傜丄偙偺婡擻偑旛傢偭偰偄傞傕偺偵偟偰偔偩偝偄丅
偳偆偟偰傕僔儕傾儖億乕僩偐傜 BIOS 傊傾僋僙僗偡傞昁梫偑偁傞婛懚偺儅僔儞
偵偮偄偰偼丄 PC Weasel 2000 <http://www.realweasel.com/> 側偳偺丄僴乕僪
僂僃傾偵傛傞夝寛曽朄偑偁傝傑偡丅

戞擇偵丄 IBM PC 偺 RS-232 億乕僩偼丄儌僨儉偺愙懕梡偵愝寁偝傟偰偄傑偡丅
傛偭偰丄 PC 偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪抂枛偵愙懕偡傞応崌偼丄僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖
偑昁梫偵側傝傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

1.3. 乪僐儞僜乕儖乫 偺怴偟偄堄枴

暥彂偺嶌幰偺拞偵偼丄僔僗僥儉儐僯僢僩偵晅偄偰偄傞僉乕儃乕僩偲儌僯僞乕偺
慻傪巜偟偰 乪僐儞僜乕儖乫偲偄偆尵梩傪巊偭偰偄傞恖偑偄傑偡丅偁傞 Linux
偺暥彂偱偼丄偙傟傪乪暔棟僐儞僜乕儖乫偲昞尰偟偰偄傑偡丅偙偺暥彂偵傛傟偽
丄僔僗僥儉儊僢僙乕僕偑尰傟傞僐儞僜乕儖傪丄 乪榑棟僐儞僜乕儖乫偲昞尰偟偰
偄傑偡丅

偙偺堘偄傪幚椺偱帵偟傑偟傚偆丅 X 僂傿儞僪僂偼暔棟僐儞僜乕儖忋偱僗僞乕僩
偡傞偱偟傚偆偑丄 X 僂傿儞僪僂偺僗僞乕僩帪偵敪惗偟偨忈奞偑弌偟偨僔僗僥儉
儊僢僙乕僕偼丄榑棟僐儞僜乕儖偵彂偐傟傞偼偢偱偡丅

崿棎傪旔偗傞偨傔丄偙偺 HOWTO 偱偼僔僗僥儉儊僢僙乕僕偑昞帵偝傟傞応強傪
乪僐儞僜乕儖乫偲偄偆尵梩偱昞尰偟傑偡丅傑偨丄乬暔棟僐儞僜乕儖乭偲偄偆崿
棎傪彽偔尵梩偱偼側偔丄 乬晅懏偺儌僯僞乕丒僉乕儃乕僪乭偲昞尰傪巊偄傑偡丅

僨僶僀僗柤偵偮偄偰傕摨偠傛偆偵嬫暿偟傑偡丅 /dev/console 偲偄偆僨僶僀僗
偼丄僐儞僜乕儖偵儊僢僙乕僕傪憲傞偺偵巊偄傑偡丅 /dev/systty 偲偄偆僔儞儃
儕僢僋儕儞僋偼丄晅懏偺儌僯僞乕丒僉乕儃乕僪偱巊梡偡傞僨僶僀僗傪巜偟偰偄
傑偡丅偙偺僨僶僀僗偼丄偨偄偰偄 /dev/tty0 偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Table 1-1. 乪僐儞僜乕儖乪傪巜偡偄傠偄傠側尵梩

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劆暥彂            劆                劆                            劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆偙偺 HOWTO      劆"僐儞僜乕儖"    劆"晅懏偺儌僯僞乕丒僉乕儃乕僪"劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆偁傞 Linux 暥彂 劆"榑棟僐儞僜乕儖"劆"暔棟僐儞僜乕儖"            劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆僨僶僀僗柤      劆/dev/console    劆/dev/systty                 劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劏劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劏劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

1.4. 愝掕偺奣梫

僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺愝掕偵偼丄庡側抜奒偑屲偮偁傝傑偡丅

 1. 僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偆偨傔丄応崌偵傛偭偰偼 BIOS 偺愝掕傪曄偊傞偙偲偑
    偁傝傑偡丅
   
 2. 僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偆偨傔丄昁梫偵墳偠偰僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪廋惓偡傞偙偲
    偑偁傝傑偡丅
   
 3. 僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪僐儞僜乕儖偲偟偰巊偊傞傛偆偵丄 Linux 僇乕僱儖傪愝掕
    偟側偗傟偽側傝傑偣傫丅偙偺応崌偼丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偑僇乕僱儖傪僗僞乕
    僩偝偣傞帪偵丄 console 僷儔儊乕僞傪僇乕僱儖偵搉偡傛偆偵偟傑偡丅
   
 4. init 僔僗僥儉偼丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜偺儘僌僀儞傪娔帇偡傞偨傔丄偁
    傞僾儘僙僗傪幚峴偟懕偗傑偡丅偙偺娔帇偡傞僾儘僙僗偺偙偲傪丄愄偐傜
    getty 偲屇傫偱偄傑偡丅
   
 5. 懡偔偺僔僗僥儉儐乕僥傿儕僥傿偼丄僐儞僜乕儖傪擣幆偡傞傛偆偵愝掕偡傞
    丄傑偨偼丄乮偡偱偵擣幆偟偰偄傞応崌偼乯僐儞僜乕儖偺摦嶌傪棎偝側偄傛
    偆偵愝掕偡傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅
   
偙偺 HOWTO 偵嵹偣偰偄傞椺偼丄 Red Hat Linux 偺僶乕僕儑儞 7.1 偐傜 7.3
乮2001 擭偐傜 2002 擭偵偐偗偰儕儕乕僗偝傟傑偟偨乯傑偱偺傕偺傪梡偄偰偄傑
偡丅 Red Hat Linux 偺怴偟偄僶乕僕儑儞偑弌偨嵺偵偼丄偙偺 HOWTO 偺曐庣扴
摉幰偵丄嵟怴忣曬傪偄偨偩偗傟偽偁傝偑偨偄偲巚偄傑偡丅傑偨丄 Red Hat
Linux 埲奜偺 Linux 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞丄摿偵 Debian GNU/Linux 偲
Slackware Linux 偵娭偡傞帠椺偼戝娊寎偱偡丅偙偺 HOWTO 偵峷專偟偰偄偨偩偄
偨曽乆偵偮偄偰偼丄 Section G.3 偱幱堄傪昞偟傑偟偨丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 2. 弨旛

偙偺復偱偼丄枩堦僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺僗僞乕僩偵幐攕偟偰傕丄尦偺僐儞僜乕
儖傪傕偆堦搙妋幚偵巊偊傞傛偆偵偟傑偡丅

偦傟偐傜 RS-232 億乕僩偲偦偺僷儔儊乕僞偺慖傃曽傪榑偠傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

2.1. 枩偑堦偵旛偊傞

桳擻側僔僗僥儉娗棟幰偵偼丄枩偑堦傪峫偊偨幚慔揑側懳墳嶔偑忢偵偁傝丄偦傟
偱忈奞傪壗偲偐偆傑偔張棟偡傞傕偺偱偡丅僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪愝掕偡傞忋偱
岆傝偑偁傞偲丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偲晅懏偺儌僯僞乕丒僉乕儃乕僪偺椉曽偑丄
巊梡晄擻偵側傞壜擻惈偑偁傝傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄傕偆堦搙僐儞僜乕儖傊傾僋僙僗
偱偒傞傛偆偵偡傞偵偼丄偙偆偄偭偨懳墳嶔偑昁梫偵側傞偺偱偡丅

Linux 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偺懡偔偼丄僽乕僩僨傿僗僋偑嶌傟傞傛偆偵側偭
偰偄傑偡丅僐儞僜乕儖偺愝掕傪曄峏偡傞慜偵僽乕僩僨傿僗僋傪嶌傟偽丄僽乕僩
僨傿僗僋偑僇乕僱儖偵搉偡僷儔儊乕僞偼惓偟偄傕偺偵側傝傑偡丅愝掕偺曄峏屻
偵嶌偭偰偟傑偆偲丄偦偺僷儔儊乕僞偵偼僄儔乕偑擖偭偰偄傞偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅

Red Hat Linux 偱偼丄僽乕僩僨傿僗僋偺嶌惉慜偵丄摦嶌拞偺僇乕僱儖偺僶乕僕
儑儞傪妋擣偟傑偡丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆bash$ uname -r                                                      劆
劆2.4.2-2                                                             劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偦偟偰丄偙偺僶乕僕儑儞傪巊偭偰僽乕僩僨傿僗僋傪嶌傝傑偡丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆bash# mkbootdisk --device /dev/fd0 2.4.2-2                          劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

堦曽丄Debian GNU/Linux 偱僽乕僩僨傿僗僋傪嶌傞応崌偼丄摦嶌偟偰偄傞僇乕僱
儖偺僶乕僕儑儞傪妋擣偟丄偦偺僶乕僕儑儞傪巊偭偰僽乕僩僨傿僗僋傪彂偒傑偡
丅

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劆bash# mkboot /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.2-2                                  劆
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偁傞偄偼丄偦偺儅僔儞傪巊偭偰儗僗僉儏乕僨傿僗僋傪梡堄偡傞偲偄偆曽朄傕偁
傝傑偡丅椙偔巊偆偺偼 Tom's root boot <http://www.toms.net/rb/> 偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

2.2. 僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪慖戰偡傞

2.2.1. 僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺柤慜

Linux 偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩柤偼丄 UNIX 偺棳媀偵廬偭偰偄傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄嵟弶
偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偼 /dev/ttyS0 偲偄偆僼傽僀儖柤偱丄擇斣栚偺僔儕傾儖億乕
僩偼 /dev/ttyS1 摍偲偄偆傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅

偟偐偟 IBM PC 偺傗傝曽偼堘偄傑偡丅偙偺応崌偼丄嵟弶偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺柤
慜偼 COM1: 偲側傝丄擇斣栚偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偼 COM2: 摍乆丄偲偄偆傛偆側嬶
崌偱偡丅 IBM PC/AT 僐儞僺儏乕僞偲偦偺屻宲婡偵偼丄堦戜偁偨傝僔儕傾儖億乕
僩偑 4 偮傑偱搵嵹偱偒傑偡丅

偝傜偵戝掞偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偵偼丄傑偨暿偺柦柤婯懃偑偁傝傑偡丅嵟弶偺僔儕
傾儖億乕僩偼 0丄擇斣栚偼 1丄摍乆偲側傝傑偡丅

帺暘偺 Linux 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偱丄 devfs 偲偄偆僨僶僀僗儅僱乕僕儍
傪巊梡偟偰偄傞応崌偼丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵偼丄偝傜偵傑偨暿偺柤慜偑偁傝傑偡
丅嵟弶偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偼 /dev/tts/0丄擇斣栚偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偼 /dev/tts/
1 摍乆丄偲偄偆傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅

寢嬊丄IBM PC 偺僔儍乕僔偵偁傞僔儕傾儖億乕僩偼 COM1: 偵側偭偰偄傑偡偑丄
偦傟偑 Linux 偱偼 /dev/ttyS0 偲側傝丄 devfs 偑巊偊傞傛偆偵愝掕偟偰偄傞
Linux 偱偼丄偦傟偑 /dev/tts/0 偲側傝傑偡丅偝傜偵懡偔偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偱
偼丄億乕僩 0 偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅

偙偺 HOWTO 偵嵹偣偰偄傞椺偱偼丄偙偺嵟弶偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩乮栿拲丗/dev/
ttyS0乯傪巊偭偰偄傑偡丅偲偄偆偺偼丄傎偲傫偳偺撉幰偑巊偄偨偄偲巚偭偰偄傞
偺偑丄偦偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偩偐傜偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Table 2-1. 摨偠僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵懳偡傞條乆側柤慜

劇劅劅劅劍劅劅劅劅劅劅劍劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劍劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆      劆Linux 僇乕僱劆devfs 晅偒 Linux 僇乕僱 劆戝敿偺僽乕僩儘乕僟劆
劆IBM PC劆     儖     劆           儖           劆        乕        劆
劌劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆COM1: 劆 /dev/ttyS0 劆       /dev/tts/0       劆        0         劆
劌劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆COM2: 劆 /dev/ttyS1 劆       /dev/tts/1       劆        1         劆
劌劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆COM3: 劆 /dev/ttyS2 劆       /dev/tts/2       劆        2         劆
劌劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆COM4: 劆 /dev/ttyS3 劆       /dev/tts/3       劆        3         劆
劋劅劅劅劏劅劅劅劅劅劅劏劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劏劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

2.2.2. 僐儞僜乕儖偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩梡妱傝崬傒偑嫟桳偱偒側偄

僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪僐儞僜乕儖梡偵巊偆偲丄偦偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偼懠偺僨僶僀僗
偲妱傝崬傒傪嫟桳偱偒側偔側傝傑偡丅 IBM PC 偺僨僶僀僗偼丄晛捠 Table 2-2
偱帵偡傛偆偵愝抲偝傟偰偄傑偡丅偱偡偐傜傕偟僐儞僜乕儖梡偵僔儕傾儖億乕僩
/dev/ttyS0 傪巊偆応崌偼丄 PC 偵僔儕傾儖億乕僩 /dev/ttyS2 傪愝抲偟側偄傛
偆偵偟偰丄妱傝崬傒 4 傪嫟桳偟側偄傛偆偵偟偰壓偝偄丅 /dev/ttyS2 偑暔棟揑
偵庢傝奜偣側偄応崌偼丄 Figure 2-1 偱帵偟偰偄傞傛偆偵丄 setserial 僐儅儞
僪傪巊偭偰偦偺億乕僩傪柍岠偵偟偰壓偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Table 2-2. IBM PC/AT 偺 RS-232 億乕僩梡偵巊梡偡傞妱傝崬傒

劇劅劅劅劅劅劍劅劅劅劅劍劅劅劅劉
劆 僨僶僀僗 劆妱傝崬傒劆億乕僩劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劎
劆/dev/ttyS0劆   4    劆0x3f8 劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劎
劆/dev/ttyS1劆   3    劆0x2f8 劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劎
劆/dev/ttyS2劆   4    劆0x3e8 劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劎
劆/dev/ttyS3劆   3    劆0x2e8 劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劏劅劅劅劅劏劅劅劅劊
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Figure 2-1. /etc/rc.serial 偱 setserial 僐儅儞僪傪巊偄丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩
/dev/ttyS2 傪柍岠偵偡傞丅

# /dev/ttyS2 傪柍岠偵偟偰偄傞偺偱丄妱傝崬傒 4 偼嫟桳偝傟側偄丅         
# 偲偄偆傢偗偱丄/dev/ttyS0 偼僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偵巊偊傞丅              
setserial /dev/ttyS2 uart none port 0x0 irq 0                          

僜乕僗僐乕僪傪撉傫偱偄傞尷傝偱偼丄妱傝崬傒嫟桳偺惂栺偼偨傫偵 Intel
Architecture-32 偩偗偱偼側偔丄偡傋偰偺僐儞僺儏乕僞傾乕僉僥僋僠儍偵偁偰
偼傑傞傛偆偵巚偊傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

2.3. 僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺懍搙偲僷儔儊乕僞傪慖戰偡傞

偙偺 HOWTO 偱偼 RS-232 昗弨偺愢柧偼偟傑偣傫丅偙偺昗弨偼惓幃偵偼丄 ANSI/
TIA/EIA-232-F-1997 Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data
Circuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Data Interchange 偲偄偄
傑偡丅 乪 1 昩偁偨傝偺價僢僩悢乮栿拲丗bps乯乫 偲偐 乪僗僞乕僩價僢僩乫丄
乪僨乕僞價僢僩乫 丄 乪僷儕僥傿乫丄 乪僗僩僢僾價僢僩乫丄偦傟偵 乪僼儘乕
惂屼乫 偵偮偄偰偺愢柧偼丄 Serial-HOWTO <http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/
Serial-HOWTO.html> [3] 偍傛傃 Modem-HOWTO <http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/
Modem-HOWTO.html> [4] 傪嶲徠偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

僇乕僱儖傗僽乕僩儘乕僟乕丄偦傟偵儘僌僀儞傾僾儕働乕僔儑儞偱丄僔儕傾儖億
乕僩偺僷儔儊乕僞傪愝掕偡傞僐儅儞僪偺峔暥傪愢柧偡傞応崌偼丄 RS-232 偺摿
惈傪昞偡埲壓偺曄悢傪巊梡偟傑偡丅

<懍搙>
   
    堦昩偁偨傝偺價僢僩悢偱寁應偟偨僔儕傾儖儕儞僋偺懍搙
   
    嵟嬤偺 PC 偱摦嶌偟偰偄傞 Linux 僇乕僱儖偱偼丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺懍
    搙偲偟偰丄 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200乮價
    僢僩枅昩 [5]乯傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傑偡丅
   
    僔儕傾儖僀儞僞僼僃乕僗傪僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偱巊傢側偗傟偽丄僇乕僱儖
    偑僒億乕僩偡傞僔儕傾儖價僢僩儗乕僩偺斖埻偼傕偭偲峀偑傝傑偡丅 [6]
   
    偛偔嵟嬤偺 Linux 僇乕僱儖偱偼丄 USB 偺僔儕傾儖僪儞僌儖傪梡偄偨僔儕
    傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪丄 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600,
    115200價僢僩枅昩偱巊偊傞傛偆偵傕側偭偰偄傑偡丅
   
    堦曽丄傎偲傫偳偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偑僒億乕僩偡傞懍搙斖埻偼丄僇乕僱儖偑
    僒億乕僩偡傞斖埻偲偼堘偭偰偄傑偡丅 LILO 偺僶乕僕儑儞 21.7.5 偱偼丄
    110, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 56000,
    57600, 115200 價僢僩枅昩偺懍搙傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傑偡丅傑偨丄SYSLINUX
    偺僶乕僕儑儞 1.67 偱偼丄 75價僢僩枅昩偐傜 56000 價僢僩枅昩傑偱傪僒
    億乕僩偟偰偄傑偡丅 GRUB 偺僶乕僕儑儞 0.90 偑僒億乕僩偟偰偄傞懍搙偼
    丄 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200 價僢僩枅昩偱偡丅
   
    僔儕傾儖億乕僩偱巊梡偡傞懍搙偼丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偲 Linux 僇乕僱儖偺椉
    曽偱摨偠懍搙偵偟側偗傟偽側傝傑偣傫丅堦偮偺僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉
    偱丄暋悢偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪巊偭偰偄傞偙偲偑偁傝傑偡丅椺偊偽丄 Red
    Hat Linux 偱偼丄僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偺僀儞僗僩乕儖傗傾僢僾僌儗
    乕僪偵 SYSLINUX 傪巊偭偰偄傑偡丅 Red Hat Linux 偺僶乕僕儑儞 7.1 埲
    慜偱偼僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偵 LILO 傪巊偄丄 7.2 埲崀偼 GRUB 傪巊梡偟傑偡丅
   
    僔儕傾儖抂枛傗僟儉儌僨儉傪巊偆偮傕傝側傜丄偦偺抂枛傗僟儉儌僨儉偺價
    僢僩儗乕僩傕丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偲僇乕僱儖偱梡偄傞價僢僩儗乕僩偲崌傢偣
    傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅
   
    僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪 9600bps 枹枮偺僿僀僘屳姺儌僨儉偲愙懕偡傞応崌偼
    丄偦偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪儌僨儉偲摨偠懍搙偵愝掕偟偰壓偝偄丅
    9600bps 傛傝崅懍偺儌僨儉偺応崌偼丄偨偄偰偄帺摦揑偵僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺
    懍搙偲摨婜偟傑偡丅
   
    偙偙偱慖傫偩價僢僩儗乕僩偼丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺 UART 敿摫懱僠僢僾偱傕
    僒億乕僩偟偰偄側偗傟偽側傝傑偣傫丅僠僢僾忋偵庴怣僶僢僼傽偑柍偄弶婜
    偺 UART 偱偼丄怣棅偟偰庴怣偱偒傞偺偼 14400bps 傑偱偵偡偓傑偣傫偱偟
    偨丅偙偺拞偵偼 8250A 傗 82510丄 16450 偦傟偵 16550乮A 柍偟乯傕擖傝
    傑偡丅庴怣僶僢僼傽偑晅偄偨嵟嬤偺 UART 偼丄僔儕傾儖價僢僩儗乕僩慡堟
    偱摦嶌偟傑偡丅偙傟偵奩摉偡傞儌僨儖偼丄 16550A, 16552, 16650, 16654,
    16750, 16850, 16950 偱偡丅
   
    慠傞傋偒棟桼偑柍偄尷傝丄堦斒揑側價僢僩儗乕僩偺 9600價僢僩枅昩傪巊偭
    偰壓偝偄丅偙傟偑戝懡悢偺僨僶僀僗偺丄僨僼僅儖僩價僢僩儗乕僩偵側偭偰
    偄傑偡丅
   
    僇乕僱儖偱傕丄3庬椶偺堦斒揑側僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偱傕丄偦傟偵 Linux 偑摦
    嶌偡傞偡傋偰偺 IBM PCs 偱傕僒億乕僩偟偰偄傞懍搙偲偄偊偽丄 2400,
    4800, 9600 偦傟偵 19200價僢僩枅昩偱偡丅偱傕偙傟偱偼偁傑傝偵傕慖戰偺
    暆偑嫹偡偓傑偡丅掅懍偺崙嵺揹榖夞慄偱偼揹榖傪偐偗傜傟偢丄偐偲偄偭偰
    丄戝偒偄僼傽僀儖偺傾僢僾儘乕僪偵懴偊傜傟傞傎偳崅懍偱傕側偄偺偱偡丅
    偱偡偐傜応崌偵傛偭偰偼丄昁梫側懍搙傪慖傫偩寢壥丄僜僼僩僂僃傾偺愝掕
    偑傕偭偲摿庩側傕偺偵側偭偰偟傑偆偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅
   
    Figure 2-2. 奼挘 BNF 婰朄偱昞偟偨僔儕傾儖價僢僩儗乕僩峔暥
   
    <懍搙> ::=  <悢帤楍>
    <悢帤楍> ::= <悢帤> | <悢帤><悢帤楍>
    <悢帤> ::= 0 | 1 | 乧 | 9
   
<僷儕僥傿>
   
    僷儕僥傿價僢僩偺庬椶偲丄僷儕僥傿價僢僩偑 1 偺応崌偺夝庍
   
    巊梡偱偒傞抣偼丄僷儕僥傿柍偟偺応崌偼 n 丄 1 價僢僩偺嬼悢僷儕僥傿側
    傜 e 丄 1 價僢僩偺婏悢僷儕僥傿側傜 o 偲側傝傑偡丅
   
    偙偺拞偱傕丄僷儕僥傿柍偟丄偍傛傃 8 價僢僩暆偺僨乕僞傪巊偆偙偲傪偍彠
    傔偟傑偡丅
   
    僷儕僥傿傪巊偆応崌偼丄晛捠嬼悢僷儕僥傿傪梡偄傑偡丅
   
    僷儕僥傿偼僄儔乕傪専弌偡傞婎杮揑側曽朄偱偡丅嵟嬤偺儌僨儉偵旛傢偭偰
    偄傞僄儔乕専弌婡擻偲僄儔乕掶惓婡擻偼丄偢偭偲惈擻偑椙偄傕偺偵側偭偰
    偄傑偡丅偟偐偟寢壥揑偵僷儕僥傿價僢僩偑曐岇偡傞偺偼丄儌僨儉偲僔儕傾
    儖億乕僩偺娫偺働乕僽儖忋偺僨乕僞偩偗偱偡偐傜丄偦偺働乕僽儖偺僄儔乕
    敪惗棪偑掅偗傟偽僷儕僥傿價僢僩偼晄梫偱偡丅幚嵺丄働乕僽儖偺僄儔乕敪
    惗棪偼偨傇傫掅偄偲巚偄傑偡丅
   
    Figure 2-3. 奼挘 BNF 婰朄偵傛傞僔儕傾儖僷儕僥傿峔暥
   
    <僷儕僥傿> ::= n | e | o
   
<僨乕僞>
   
    堦暥帤偁偨傝偺僨乕僞價僢僩悢
   
    Linux 偱巊偭偰偄傞偺偑丄嵟掅偱傕 7 價僢僩昁梫側 ASCII 暥帤僙僢僩側
    偺偱丄巊梡偱偒傞抣偼 7 價僢僩偐 8 價僢僩偱偡丅
   
    僨乕僞暆偼 8 價僢僩傪偍彠傔偟傑偡丅偙傟側傜儕儞僋傪娙扨偵僼傽僀儖揮
    憲偱巊偊傞偟丄塸岅埲奜偺僥僉僗僩偑尰傟偰傕戝忎晇偱偡丅
   
    Figure 2-4. 奼挘 BNF 婰朄偵傛傞僔儕傾儖僨乕僞價僢僩峔暥
   
    <僨乕僞> ::= 7 | 8
   
<僗僩僢僾>
   
    僗僩僢僾價僢僩僞僀儉悢 [7]
   
    巊梡偱偒傞抣偼丄1 偐 2 偱偡丅
   
    僗僩僢僾價僢僩僞僀儉偵偼 1 傪偍彠傔偟傑偡丅
   
    RS-232 働乕僽儖偑旕忢偵挿偄応崌偼丄 2 僗僩僢僾價僢僩僞僀儉昁梫偐傕
    抦傟傑偣傫丅
   
    1.5 僗僩僢僾價僢僩僞僀儉偲偄偆偺傪帪愜尒偐偗傞偙偲偑偁傝傑偡丅偙傟
    偼丄1 僗僩僢僾價僢僩僞僀儉偱嵪傑偡偵偼儕儞僋偑挿偡偓傞偟丄 2 僗僩僢
    僾價僢僩僞僀儉偑昁梫側傎偳偵偼挿偄傢偗偱傕側偄応崌偵丄僨乕僞偺僗儖
    乕僾僢僩傪偁偲 4 僷乕僙儞僩忋偘傞偨傔偵偦偆偟偰偄傞偺偱偡丅偱傕 1.5
    僗僩僢僾價僢僩僞僀儉偲偄偆偺偼婋尟偡偓傞偺偱丄崱偱偼傔偭偨偵巊偄傑
    偣傫丅
   
    Figure 2-5. 奼挘 BNF 婰朄偵傛傞僔儕傾儖僗僩僢僾價僢僩峔暥
   
    <僗僩僢僾> ::= 1 | 2
   
<僼儘乕惂屼>
   
    巊梡偡傞僼儘乕惂屼偺僞僀僾
   
    Linux 僇乕僱儖偱偼丄柍庤弴偲 CTS/RTS 偺僼儘乕惂屼偑偱偒傞傛偆偵側偭
    偰偄傑偡丅
   
    僨僼僅儖僩偼柍庤弴偱偡丅偙傟傪昞偡応崌偼 <僼儘乕惂屼>傪徣棯偟傑偡丅
   
    悇彠偡傞偺偼 CTS/RTS 偺僼儘乕惂屼偱偡丅僔儕傾儖億乕僩傊偺儘僌僀儞傾
    僋僙僗傕偱偒傞傛偆偵傕側偭偰偄傞応崌偵偼丄摿偵偍彠傔偱偡丅偙傟偼 r
    偲偄偆 <僼儘乕惂屼> 偱昞偟傑偡丅
   
    CTS/RTS 偺僼儘乕惂屼偼丄暥帤偺棳傟傪挷惍偡傞傕偺偱偡丅僐儞僺儏乕僞
    偑暥帤傪揱憲偡傞偺偼丄儌僨儉偑 "Clear To Send" 傪傾僒乕僩偟偰偐傜偱
    偡丅僐儞僺儏乕僞懁偵暥帤傪庴偗庢傞偩偗偺廩暘側僶僢僼傽偑偁傟偽丄僐
    儞僺儏乕僞偼 "Ready To Send" 傪傾僒乕僩偟傑偡丅偩偐傜丄僐儞僺儏乕僞
    偺僶僢僼傽傕儌僨儉偺僶僢僼傽傕丄朞榓偟偰僆乕僶乕僼儘乕偡傞偲偄偆傛
    偆側偙偲偼偁傝傑偣傫丅
   
    劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
    劆                        Caution                         劆
    劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
    劆僇乕僱儖偺 CTS/RTS 偵傛傞僼儘乕惂屼偼丄尰帪揰偱偼僶僌偑 劆
    劆懡偄偱偡丅僼儘乕惂屼偑桳岠偵側偭偰偄偰傕丄 CTS 偑傾僒乕 劆
    劆僩偝傟側偄偲丄僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕偺昞帵偵挊偟偔帪娫偑偐劆
    劆偐傞偙偲偑偁傝傑偡乮儌僨儉偵拝怣偟偰偄側偐偭偨傝丄僰儖儌劆
    劆僨儉働乕僽儖傗働乕僽儖偱僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕愙懕偟偰傕丄僙劆
    劆僢僔儑儞偑柍偄応崌偵偙偆側傝傑偡乯丅僇乕僱儖偺僗僞乕僩帪劆
    劆偵僇乕僱儖儊僢僙乕僕偑戝検偵弌傞偲丄偦偺寢壥丄僇乕僱儖偺劆
    劆CTS/RTS 僼儘乕惂屼傪慻傒崬傫偱峔惉偟偨儅僔儞偱偼丄儕僽乕劆
    劆僩偵壗暘傕帪娫偑偐偐傞偙偲偑偁傝傑偡丅                  劆
    劆                                                        劆
    劆偱偡偐傜丄尰帪揰偱偼僇乕僱儖偺 CTS/RTS 僼儘乕惂屼偼偍彠 劆
    劆傔偱偒傑偣傫丅昅幰偼僇乕僱儖僷僢僠傪帩偭偰偄傑偡丅偙傟偑劆
    劆僇乕僱儖杮懱偵斀塮偝傟傞偙偲傪嫮偔婓朷偟偰偄傑偡丅      劆
    劆                                                        劆
    劆偟偐偟丄儐乕僓乕嬻娫偺傾僾儕働乕僔儑儞偱巊梡偡傞 CTS/RTS劆
    劆僼儘乕惂屼偼僇乕僱儖偺僶僌偲偼柍娭學偱偡偐傜丄 getty 偵 劆
    劆偼傗偼傝偙偺僼儘乕惂屼傪偍彠傔偟傑偡丅                  劆
    劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
   
    Figure 2-6. 奼挘 BNF 婰朄偵傛傞僔儕傾儖僼儘乕惂屼偺峔暥
   
    <僼儘乕惂屼> ::= <nil> | r
   
尰帪揰偱偼丄僇乕僱儖偼 RS-232 偺僗僥乕僞僗儔僀儞傪柍帇偟傑偡丅偱偡偐傜
丄 "Data Carrier Detect" 偲 "Data Set Ready" 偑傾僒乕僩偝傟偰偄側偔偰傕
丄僇乕僱儖儊僢僙乕僕偼弌椡偝傟傑偡丅偙偺寢壥丄僇乕僱儖儊僢僙乕僕偼丄傾
僀僪儖忬懺偱僐儅儞僪儌乕僪偵側偭偰偄傞儌僨儉偵憲傜傟傞偙偲偵側傝傑偡丅

僐儞僜乕儖偑 CTS 傗 DSR丄偦傟偵 DCD 傪偄偄偐偘傫偵夝庍偡傞偲丄 RS-232
偺儅儖僠僪儘僢僾夞慄偵丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪愙懕偱偒側偔側傝傑偡丅儅儖
僠僪儘僢僾夞慄偵偼丄僐儞僺儏乕僞偑 3 戜埲忋偁傝丄廬棃偼 4 恈偺働乕僽儖
偐塹惎捠怣僒乕價僗丄偁傞偄偼柍慄僒乕價僗傪巊梡偟偰偄傑偡丅

Linux 偺僇乕僱儖偱偼 Figure 2-7 偵偁傞峔暥傪巊偭偰丄僔儕傾儖僷儔儊乕僞
傪婰弎偟傑偡丅僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺懡偔偑巊偭偰偄傞峔暥偼丄 Linux 僇乕僱儖偑
巊偭偰偄傞峔暥偺僶儕僄乕僔儑儞偱偡丅

Figure 2-7. 奼挘 BNF 婰朄偵傛傞僇乕僱儖偺僔儕傾儖僷儔儊乕僞峔暥

<儌乕僪> ::= <懍搙><僷儕僥傿><僨乕僞><僼儘乕惂屼>

<儌乕僪> 偵 <僗僩僢僾價僢僩> 偑擖偭偰偄側偄偙偲偵拲堄偟偰壓偝偄丅僇乕僱
儖偼丄僗僩僢僾價僢僩偺悢偼摉慠 1 偩偲巚偭偰偄傞偺偱偡丅偱偡偐傜挿偄
RS-232 働乕僽儖傪偮側偘傞応崌偵偼丄偙偺寚揰傪峫椂偡傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅

傎偲傫偳偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偱偼丄 9600n8 偑僨僼僅儖僩偵側偭偰偄傑偡偑丄愄
偺抂枛偵側傞偲丄9600e7 偑堦斒揑側僨僼僅儖僩偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅

偨偄偰偄偺 Linux 僜僼僩僂僃傾傗儌僨儉憰抲偱偼 9600n8 偑僨僼僅儖僩偵側偭
偰偄傞偺偱丄偱偒傟偽偙傟傪巊偭偰壓偝偄丅

偙偺 HOWTO 偱偼丄忢偵僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺懍搙偲僷儔儊乕僞傪愝掕偟偰偄傑偡丅
尩枾偵偼昁梫柍偄偲偙傠偱偁偭偰傕偦偆偟偰偄傑偡丅偙偆偟偰偍偗偽丄悇彠抣
傗堦斒揑側僨僼僅儖僩偵側偭偰偄傞 9600n8 埲奜偺僷儔儊乕僞傪愝掕偟偰偄傞
恖偨偪偵丄曄峏偡傋偒売強偑傢偐傞偐傜偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

2.4. 儌僨儉傪愝掕偡傞丄偁傞偄偼僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖傪巊偆

儌僨儉傪巊偆応崌偼丄Section 2.3 偱慖傫偩億乕僩懍搙偱摦嶌偡傞僟儉儌僨儉
偵側傞傛偆偵愝掕偟偰壓偝偄丅偦偺儌僨儉偑僿僀僘偺 AT 僐儅儞僪傪庴偗晅偗
傞応崌偼丄 Chapter 12傪嶲徠偟偰丄儌僨儉傪僟儉儌僨儉偵偟偰壓偝偄丅

抂枛偲僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖傪巊偆応崌偼丄 Section 11.3 傪尒偰壓偝偄丅偙偙
偱丄僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖偺僺儞攝抲傪榑偠偰偄傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

2.5. 抂枛偁傞偄偼抂枛僄儈儏儗乕僞傪愝掕偡傞

巊偆抂枛偼丄僔儕傾儖僷儔儊乕僞偵崌傢偣偰愝掕偟偰壓偝偄丅僨乕僞價僢僩傗
僷儕僥傿價僢僩丄偦傟偵僗僩僢僾價僢僩偑堦抳偟側偗傟偽側傝傑偣傫丅嵟嬤偺
乪僗儅乕僩乫儌僨儉傪巊偆応崌偼丄價僢僩僗僺乕僪傪崌傢偣傞昁梫偼偁傝傑偣
傫丅僟儉儌僨儉傗偁傞偄偼僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖傪巊梡偡傞応崌偼丄價僢僩僗僺
乕僪傪崌傢偣傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅

CTS/RTS 偺僴儞僪僔僃乕僋偼僆儞偵偟偰丄 DTR/DSR 偺僴儞僪僔僃乕僋偼僆僼偵
丄偦偟偰 XON/XOFF 偺僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傕僆僼偵偟偰偔偩偝偄丅偍巊偄偺憰抲偱
偼丄 CTS/RTS 偺僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傗 DTR/DSR 偺僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪乪僴乕僪僂僃
傾僴儞僪僔僃乕僋乫 偲屇傫偱偄傞偐傕抦傟傑偣傫丅傑偨丄XON/XOFF 僴儞僪僔
僃乕僋偺偙偲傪丄 乪僜僼僩僂僃傾僴儞僪僔僃乕僋乫偲屇傫偱偄傞偙偲傕偁傝傑
偡丅

峴偼帺摦揑偵愜傝曉偡傛偆偵愝掕偟偰壓偝偄丅偙傟偱挿偄僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕
僕偑撉傔傞傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅

庴偗庢偭偨峴枛暥帤偼 LF CR 乮偮傑傝峴憲傝偟偰偐傜夵峴偡傞乯偵愝掕偟偰壓
偝偄丅憲怣偡傞応崌偺峴枛暥帤偼 CR乮夵峴乯偩偗偵偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

抂枛僄儈儏儗乕僞傪巊偆応崌偵堦斣椙偄偺偼丄堦斒揑側 DEC VT100 抂枛偐
VT102 抂枛傪僄儈儏儗乕僩偡傞偙偲偱偡丅 DEC VT 僔儕乕僘偺丄偦傟埲崀偺抂
枛偼 VT100 偲屳姺惈偑偁傝傑偡丅偙偺抂枛偑巊偊側偄応崌偼丄 ANSI
X3.64-1979 Additional Controls for Use with American National Standard
Code for Information Interchange (偁傞偄偼偦偺屻宲偺 ISO/IEC 6429:1992
ISO Information technology 亅 Control functions for coded character
sets) 傪幚憰偟偰偄傞丄暿偺抂枛傪僄儈儏儗乕僩偟偰傒偰壓偝偄丅椺偊偽丄懡
偔偺僄儈儏儗乕僞偵偼 ANSI BBS 偲偄偆抂枛偑偁傝丄偙傟偼 IBM PC 偺暥帤僙
僢僩偲丄 16 怓偺 IBM PC 僇儔乕丄偦傟偵 80 寘 25 峴偺夋柺偲 X3.64-1979
偺惂屼僔乕働儞僗傪旛偊偰偄傑偡丅

抂枛偺愝掕偵娭偡傞徻嵶偼丄 Text-Terminal-HOWTO <http://www.tldp.org/
HOWTO/Text-Terminal-HOWTO.html> 傪嶲徠偟偰壓偝偄丅 [8]

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 3. 昁梫側傜 BIOS 偺愝掕傪峴側偆

BIOS 偵傛偭偰偼丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傞傕偺偑偁傝傑偡丅偍
巊偄偺僐儞僺儏乕僞偺 BIOS 傕偦偆偄偭偨 BIOS 側傜丄僒億乕僩偺掱搙傪挷嵏
偟偰偍偔偲偄偄偱偟傚偆丅僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺僒億乕僩搙崌偵傛偭偰偼丄僽
乕僩儘乕僟乕傪柧帵揑偵愝掕偟側偔偰傕丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩偑巊偊傞偐傕抦傟傑
偣傫丅

偙偺 HOWTO 偵嫤椡偟偰偔傟偨恖偨偪偑憳嬾偟偨 BIOS 偱偼丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕
儖偺僒億乕僩偼丄師偺傛偆偵側偭偰偄傑偟偨丅

VGA 傊偺僥僉僗僩弌椡傪偦偺傑傑僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵儕僟僀儗僋僩偟偰偄傞
   
    BIOS 偼夋柺偵昞帵偡傞偨傔偵巊偭偰偄傞 0x10 偲偄偆乬價僨僆乭偺妱傝崬
    傒梫媮傪懆偊偰丄夋柺偵弌椡偡傞偼偢偺暥帤傪僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵憲怣偟傑
    偡丅僔儕傾儖億乕僩偱庴怣偟偨暥帤偼丄 乬僉乕偺撉傒偲傝乭 偲偄偆丄
    BIOS 偺 0x16 妱傝崬傒梫媮傊梌偊傞暥帤偲偟偰巊傢傟傑偡丅
   
    BIOS 偺偙偺婡擻傪巊偭偰丄夋柺傊僥僉僗僩傪弌椡偟偨傝僉乕儃乕僪偐傜偺
    撉傒庢傝傪峴側偭偰偄傞 16 價僢僩偺傾僾儕働乕僔儑儞偼丄偳傟偱傕僔儕
    傾儖億乕僩偵儕僟僀儗僋僩偝傟傑偡丅偙傟偵偼 BIOS 帺恎傕擖傞偟丄僽乕
    僩儘乕僟乕傗 16 價僢僩偺僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉乮椺偊偽 MS-DOS 側
    偳乯傕娷傑傟傑偡丅
   
    乮Linux, BSD 偁傞偄偼 Windows NT/2000/XP 偲偄偭偨傛偆側乯 32 價僢僩
    僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偺応崌偼丄16 價僢僩偺 BIOS 傪儘乕僪偟偰傕丄
    偦偺僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偱偼傕偆巊梡偱偒側偄偺偱丄偦偺 BIOS 傪
    擖弌椡梡偵偼巊偊傑偣傫丅偱偡偐傜丄32 價僢僩偺僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥
    儉偼丄 32 價僢僩愱梡偺僨僶僀僗僪儔僀僶傪儘乕僪偟傑偡丅偙傟傜偺僨僶
    僀僗僪儔僀僶偼丄僐儞僜乕儖偺 I/O 傪僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵儕僟僀儗僋僩偡傞
    婡擻傪旛偊偰偄傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅
   
    帺暘偺 BIOS 偑偙偺僥僋僯僢僋傪巊偭偰偄傞応崌偼丄師偺傛偆偵偟偰偔偩
    偝偄丅
   
     1. BIOS 傪愝掕偟偰丄僉乕儃乕僪偐傜偺擖椡偲夋柺弌椡傪僔儕傾儖億乕僩
        偵儕僟僀儗僋僩偡傞丅
       
     2. 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺愝掕偼曄偊側偄偙偲丅偲偄偆偺偼 BIOS 偑偙偺 16
        價僢僩傾僾儕働乕僔儑儞偺擖弌椡傪丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵儕僟僀儗僋僩
        偟偰偔傟傞偐傜偱偁傞丅
       
     3. Linux 偺愝掕傪曄峏偟偰丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪僐儞僜乕儖偱巊偆傛偆偵
        偡傞偙偲丅偲偄偆偺偼丄 Linux 偑 32 價僢僩偺僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗
        僥儉偩偐傜偱偁傞丅
       
BIOS 偺愝掕偍傛傃揹尮搳擖帪偺僙儖僼僥僗僩偱僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偭偰偄傞
   
    偙偺 BIOS 偼丄愝掕偲揹尮搳擖帪偺僙儖僼僥僗僩梡偵僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊
    偭偰偄傑偡丅偱傕 0x10 偺乬價僨僆乭 妱傝崬傒梫媮偲丄 0x16 偺乬僉乕儃
    乕僪偺撉傒偲傝乭 妱傝崬傒梫媮傪丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵儕僟僀儗僋僩偟傑偣
    傫丅
   
    偄偔偮偐偺 BIOS 偼丄捠忢僉乕儃乕僪偲夋柺弌椡傪丄偡傋偰僔儕傾儖億乕
    僩偵儕僟僀儗僋僩偟偰偄傑偡偑丄拞偵偼愝掕偱 BIOS 偺擖弌椡偺儕僟僀儗
    僋僩偩偗偵偱偒傞傕偺偑偁傝傑偡丅 BIOS 偺愝掕僆僾僔儑儞偱丄 Cease
    redirection after boot 乮栿拲丗僽乕僩屻儕僟僀儗僋僩傪巭傔傞乯偵帡偨
    傕偺傪扵偟偰壓偝偄丅
   
    偍巊偄偺 BIOS 偑偙偺僥僋僯僢僋傪梡偄偰偄偨傝丄 Cease redirection
    after boot 傪愝掕偡傞偮傕傝側傜丄埲壓偺傛偆偵偟偰偔偩偝偄丅
   
     1. BIOS 傪愝掕偟偰丄偦偺弌椡傪僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵憲傞傛偆偵偡傞丅
       
     2. 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偟偰丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偆傛偆偵偡傞丅
       
     3. Linux 偼 32 價僢僩僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉側偺偱丄 Linux 偑僔儕
        傾儖億乕僩傪僐儞僜乕儖偱巊偆傛偆偵愝掕偡傞丅
       
僌儔僼傿僢僋偺 VGA 弌椡傪僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵儕僟僀儗僋僩偟偰偄傞
   
    僌儔僼傿僢僋偺 32 價僢僩僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偺拞偵偼丄僐儞僜乕
    儖弌椡傪僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵憲傞偨傔偺丄愱梡偺婡擻偑柍偄傕偺偑偁傝傑偡
    丅 BIOS 偵傛偭偰偼丄偙偺寚揰傪崕暈偟傛偆偲偡傞傕偺傕偁傝傑偡丅愱梡
    偺僔儕傾儖僾儘僩僐儖傪巊偭偰丄僌儔僼傿僢僋弌椡傪儕儌乕僩偺僔儕傾儖
    僋儔僀傾儞僩偵憲怣偡傞偺偱偡丅
   
    Linux 僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉傪巊偭偰偄傞応崌偼丄昗弨偺抂枛僄儈儏
    儗乕僞偐傜偼偦偆偄偭偨儅僔儞偵愙懕偱偒側偄偺偱丄偙偺婡擻偵偼庤傪怗
    傟偢偵偍偔偺偑堦斣偱偡丅
   
     1. 弌椡傪僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵憲傜側偄傛偆偵 BIOS 傪愝掕偡傞丅
       
     2. 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偟偰丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偆傛偆偵偡傞丅
       
     3. 僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪僐儞僜乕儖偱巊偆傛偆偵 Linux 傪愝掕偡傞丅
       
僔儕傾儖億乕僩婡擻偑側偄
   
    偙偺 BIOS 偼僔儕傾儖億乕僩偐傜傾僋僙僗偱偒側偄偺偱丄揹尮搳擖帪偺僙
    儖僼僥僗僩偺儊僢僙乕僕偑傢偐傝傑偣傫丅
   
    偦傟偱傕 /dev/nvram 僨僶僀僗傪巊偊偽丄墦妘抧偐傜 BIOS 傪愝掕偱偒傞
    偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅偙傟傪巊偆応崌偼拲堄偟偰壓偝偄丅
   
     1. 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偟偰丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偆傛偆偵偡傞丅
       
     2. Linux 傪愝掕偟偰丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪僐儞僜乕儖偱巊偆傛偆偵偡傞丅
       
僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偟偰僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偆昁梫偑偁傞応崌偼丄 Chapter
4 偵恑傫偱壓偝偄丅偦傟埲奜偼丄捈愙 Chapter 5 偵峴偭偰丄僇乕僱儖偺峔惉曄
峏傪峴側偭偰壓偝偄丅偙傟偵偼丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偟偰丄僽乕僩僷儔儊乕
僞傪 Linux 僇乕僱儖偵搉偡偲偄偆曽朄傪巊偄傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 4. 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偡傞

PC 偑 CPU 傪僽乕僩偡傞嵺丄 CPU 偼撉傒弌偟愱梡儊儌儕偐傜僐乕僪傪庢傝弌偟
偰幚峴偟傑偡丅偙偺僐乕僪偑婎杮擖弌椡僔僗僥儉丄偮傑傝 BIOS 偱偡丅偦傟偐
傜丄BIOS 偼嵟弶偺僴乕僪僨傿僗僋偺儅僗僞乕僽乕僩儗僐乕僪偐傜丄僽乕僩儘乕
僟乕傪儘乕僪偟傑偡丅 [9] 懕偄偰丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偑僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥
儉傪儊儌儕偵撉傒崬傒丄偦傟傪婲摦偟傑偡丅 [10]

BIOS 傕僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傕尩枾偵尵偊偽晄梫偱偡丅椺偊偽丄偙偆偄偆僶乕僕儑儞
偺 Linux <http://www.acl.lanl.gov/linuxbios/> 偑偁傝傑偡偑丄偙傟偼丄晛
捠偼 BIOS 傪撪憼偟偰偄傞僼儔僢僔儏儊儌儕偐傜捈愙婲摦偟傑偡丅 Linux 偼丄
傕偲傕偲僇乕僱儖傪僨傿僗僋偺慠傞傋偒僙僋僞乕偵抲偄偰偍偗偽丄懳榖揑側僽
乕僩儘乕僟乕偑柍偔偰傕憱傞傛偆偵側偭偰偄傞偺偱偡丅

偦傟偱傕僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪巊偆偺偼丄師偺傛偆側棙揰偑偁傞偐傜偱偡丅

 丒 暋悢偺僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偑僽乕僩偱偒傑偡丅徻嵶偼丄 Linux +
    Windows HOWTO <http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux+Windows-HOWTO/> 傪嶲
    徠偟偰偔偩偝偄丅
   
 丒 懳榖揑偵僷儔儊乕僞傪僇乕僱儖偵搉偣傑偡丅僴乕僪僂僃傾偺栤戣傪夝寛偡
    傞応崌偵丄偙傟偑栶偵棫偪傑偡丅椺偊偽丄妱傝崬傒儔僀儞偺偄偔偮偐傪柍
    岠偵偱偒傞偟丄僪儔僀僽傊偺僟僀儗僋僩儊儌儕傾僋僙僗傪柍岠偵偱偒傞丄
    摍乆偱偡丅僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞偺儕僗僩偵偮偄偰偼丄 Linux
    BootPrompt-HOWTO <http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/BootPrompt-HOWTO.html> 
    [11] 傪嶲徠偟偰偔偩偝偄丅
   
 丒 暿乆偺僇乕僱儖傪懳榖揑偵儘乕僪偱偒傑偡丅偙傟偼怴偟偄僇乕僱儖傪僀儞
    僗僩乕儖偡傞嵺偵栶棫偪傑偡丅偲偄偆偺偼丄偙偆偡傟偽丄惓偟偔摦嶌偡傞
    僇乕僱儖傪娙扨側梊旛偵偱偒傞偐傜偱偡丅
   
偙偆偄偭偨棟桼偐傜丄僔僗僥儉娗棟幰偼僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜丄僽乕僩儘乕
僟乕傪懳榖揑偵娗棟壜擻偵偡傞昁梫偑偁傞偺偱偡丅

LILO 傗 GRUB丄 SYSLINUX 偼丄 IBM PC 偱偼堦斒揑側僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偱偡丅偍
巊偄偺 Linux 偱偼丄偙傟傜偺偆偪偳偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪巊偭偰偄傞偺偐傪挷傋
偰丄偦偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偵奩摉偡傞僙僋僔儑儞偺巜帵偵廬偭偰偔偩偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

4.1. LILO 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偡傞

LILO 偼僀儞僥儖偺儅僔儞偱巊傢傟偰偄傞 Linux 偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偱偡丅僀儞
僥儖偺儅僔儞梡偵偼懠偵傕僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偑懚嵼偟傑偡偑丄堦斒揑側慖戰巿偲
偟偰偼丄GRUB 偲 SYSLINUX 偵側傝傑偡丅懠偺僾儘僙僢僒傾乕僉僥僋僠儍梡偵傕
LILO 偲摨摍偺傕偺偑偁傝丄偦偺柤慜偼晛捠 乪LILO乫 傪傕偠偭偨傕偺偵側偭偰
偄傑偡丅

LILO 偼 lilo(8) 偲 lilo.conf(5) 偺儅僯儏傾儖儁乕僕偱暥彂偵側偭偰偄傑偡
丅偦傟偵 LILO Generic boot loader for Linux 乧 User's Guide 偑 /usr/
share/doc/lilo乧/doc/User_Guide.ps 偵偁傝傑偡丅 LILO mini-HOWTO <http:/
/www.tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/LILO.html> [12] 傕偁傝傑偡丅

LILO 偺愝掕偼丄 /etc/lilo.conf 偲偄偆僼傽僀儖偵曐懚偝傟傑偡丅偙偺僼傽僀
儖偺嵟弶偺晹暘偼丄僀儊乕僕偡傋偰偵揔梡偡傞傕偺偱偡丅偦傟埲崀偺晹暘偼丄
奺僇乕僱儖偛偲偵僀儊乕僕傪婰弎偡傞晹暘偱偡丅

LILO 偼丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偆傛偆偵愝掕偟偰偔偩偝偄丅僔儕傾儖儔僀儞偺僷
儔儊乕僞峔暥偼丄僇乕僱儖偑巊偆傕偺偵廬偄傑偡丅

Figure 4-1. EBNF 偵傛傞 LILO 偺 serial 僐儅儞僪彂幃

serial=<僔儕傾儖億乕僩>[,<懍搙>[<僷儕僥傿>[<僨乕僞>]]]

偙偙偱巊偭偰偄傞曄悢偼僇乕僱儖偑巊偆傕偺偲摨偠偱偡乮Figure 2-7 偵帵偟偰
偁傝傑偡乯丅傑偨丄<億乕僩> 偼埲壓偺傛偆偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅

Figure 4-2. EBNF婰朄偵傛傞 LILO 偺 serial 曄悢

<僔儕傾儖億乕僩> ::= 0 | 1| 乧 | 3

偙偺椺偱偼 /dev/ttyS0 傪巊偭偰偄傑偡丅 LILO 偼丄偙偺僨僶僀僗偑億乕僩 0
偩偲擣幆偟偰偄傑偡丅

Figure 4-3. LILO 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺愝掕僒儞僾儖

serial=0,9600n8                                                        
timeout=100                                                            
restricted                                                             
password=PASSWORD                                                      

restricted 僷儔儊乕僞丄偍傛傃 password 僷儔儊乕僞傪巊梡偟偰偄傞偺偼丄扤
偐偑揹榖傪巊偭偰愙懕偟偰偦偺儅僔儞傪僽乕僩偟丄埲壓偺傛偆偵僞僀僾偟偰丄
Linux 偺傾僋僙僗僷乕儈僢僔儑儞偺曈傝傪偆傠偮偒傑傢傞丄偲偄偆傛偆側偙偲
傪偝偣側偄傛偆偵偡傞偨傔偱偡丅

Example 4-1. 僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞傪巊偭偰傾僋僙僗僷乕儈僢僔儑儞傪夞旔偡傞

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆LILO: linux init=/sbin/sash                                         劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

僷僗儚乕僪偼乮懠恖偑悇應偱偒側偄乯椙偄傕偺偵偟偰偔偩偝偄丅偲偄偆偺偼丄
僷僗儚乕僪傪巊偊偽丄 root 偺傾僋僙僗尃尷傪摼傜傟傞偐傜偱偡丅 LILO 偺僷
僗儚乕僪偼丄愝掕僼傽僀儖偺拞偵暯暥偱彂偐傟偰偄傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄偗偭偟偰
懠偺偳傫側僷僗儚乕僪偲傕摨偠傕偺偵偟側偄偱偔偩偝偄丅傑偨丄/etc/
lilo.conf 傪撉傔傞偺偑 root 偩偗偵側傞傛偆偵丄偙偺僼傽僀儖偺僷乕儈僢僔
儑儞傪愝掕偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆bash# chmod u=rw,go= /etc/lilo.conf                                 劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

LILO 偵偼丄僽乕僩儊僢僙乕僕傪昞帵偡傞僆僾僔儑儞偑偁傝傑偡偑丄偙傟偼僔儕
傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偱偼摦嶌偟傑偣傫丅偱偡偐傜埲壓偺傛偆側峴偼偡傋偰嶍彍偟偰
壓偝偄丅

message=/boot/message                                                  

偙傟偱僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偆偨傔偺 LILO 偺愝掕偑偱偒傑偟偨丅偟偐偟丄
傑偩 LILO 偱僽乕僩偡傞僇乕僱儖傪丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偆傛偆偵愝掕偟
側偗傟偽側傝傑偣傫丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

4.2. GRUB 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偡傞

GRUB 偼條乆側僼傽僀儖僔僗僥儉偐傜丄條乆側庬椶偺僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉
偑僽乕僩偱偒傞傛偆偵愝寁偝傟偨僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偱偡丅 Linux 偑僀儞僗僩乕儖
偱偒傞儖乕僩僼傽僀儖僔僗僥儉偺庬椶偑傑偡傑偡懡偔側偭偰偒偰偄傞偺偱丄
GRUB 偼堦斒揑偵側傝偮偮偁傝傑偡丅

GRUB 偼 GNU 偺 info 僼傽僀儖宍幃偱暥彂偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅偙偺暥彂傪尒傞応
崌偼丄 info grub 偲僞僀僾偟偰壓偝偄丅

GRUB 偺愝掕僼傽僀儖偼丄 /boot/grub/menu.lst 偱偡丅偟偐偟丄僨傿僗僩儕價
儏乕僔儑儞偵傛偭偰偼丄暿偺愝掕僼傽僀儖傪巊偭偰偄傞傕偺傕偁傝傑偡丅椺偊
偽丄 Red Hat Linux 偱偼 /boot/grub/grub.conf 偲偄偆僼傽僀儖傪巊偭偰偄傑
偡丅

GRUB 偺愝掕僼傽僀儖偼幚峴帪偵夝庍偝傟傑偡丅偙偺偨傔儅僔儞傪儕僽乕僩偡傞
傑偱丄峔暥忋偺僄儔乕偼専弌偝傟傑偣傫丅偱偡偐傜丄僞僀僾儈僗傪偟側偄傛偆
偵婥傪偮偗偰壓偝偄丅

傑偢丄GRUB 偺愝掕僼傽僀儖傪曇廤偟偰丄 splashimage 偺僄儞僩儕偼丄偄偢傟
傕嶍彍偟偰壓偝偄丅偙偺僄儞僩儕傪嶍彍偟側偄偲丄 GRUB 0.90 偱偼旕忢偵婏柇
側摦偒偵側傝傑偡丅僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偲晅懏偺儌僯僞乕丒僉乕儃乕僪偲偺娫
偱丄惂屼傪揮憲偟偁偭偰偟傑偄傑偡丅

GRUB 偺愝掕僼傽僀儖偵 password 僐儅儞僪偑傑偩柍偄応崌偼丄僴僢僔儏偟偨僷
僗儚乕僪傪嶌偭偰壓偝偄丅嶌傝曽偼 Figure 4-4 傪嶲徠偟偰壓偝偄丅偙偺僷僗
儚乕僪偼 root 偺傾僋僙僗尃尷傪摼傞偺偵巊偊傑偡偐傜丄椙偄乮悇掕偝傟偵偔
偄乯傕偺偵偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

Figure 4-4. md5crypt 傪巊偭偰丄 GRUB 梡偺僴僢僔儏偟偨僷僗儚乕僪傪嶌傞

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劆grub> md5crypt                                                      劆
劆Password: **********                                                劆
劆Encrypted: $1$U$JK7xFegdxWH6VuppCUSIb.                              劆
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偙偺僴僢僔儏壔偝傟偨僷僗儚乕僪傪 GRUB 偺愝掕僼傽僀儖偱巊偭偰壓偝偄丅偙
偺條巕偼丄 Figure 4-5 偵帵偟偰偁傝傑偡丅

Figure 4-5. 僷僗儚乕僪傪梫媮偡傞傛偆偵偟偨 GRUB 偺愝掕

password --md5 $1$U$JK7xFegdxWH6VuppCUSIb.                             

Figure 4-6 偵帵偡傛偆偵丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪掕媊偟丄偦偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊
偆傛偆偵 GRUB 傪愝掕偟偰壓偝偄丅

Figure 4-6. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡偺 GRUB 偺愝掕

serial --unit=0 --speed=9600 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1             
terminal serial                                                        

--unit 偲偄偆偺偼僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺斣崋偺偙偲偱丄僛儘偐傜悢偊傑偡丅 unit
0 偑 COM1 偵側傝傑偡丅

--parity 偺抣偼徣棯偣偢偵丄 no 傗 even 偦偟偰 odd 偺傛偆偵丄堦帤堦帤偼
偭偒傝偲捲偭偰壓偝偄丅 n 傗 e 偦偟偰 o 偺傛偆側丄堦斒偵傛偔巊傢傟傞徣棯
宍偼庴偗晅偗傑偣傫丅

側偤偩偐暘偐傜側偄偗傟偳傕丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩忋偵弌椡偑壗傕側偄応崌偼丄 
serial 僐儅儞僪丄傑偨偼 terminal 僐儅儞僪偺峔暥僄儔乕傪媈偭偰壓偝偄丅

僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺懠偵丄晅懏偺儌僯僞乕丒僉乕儃乕僪偱傕 GRUB 僽乕僩儘乕僟
乕傪娗棟偟偨偄応崌偼丄 Figure 4-7 偵偁傞暿偺愝掕傪巊偭偰壓偝偄丅

Figure 4-7. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偍傛傃丄晅懏偺儌僯僞乕丒僉乕儃乕僪梡偺
GRUB 偺愝掕

password --md5 $1$U$JK7xFegdxWH6VuppCUSIb.                             
serial --unit=0 --speed=9600 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1             
terminal --timeout=10 serial console                                   

僔儕傾儖億乕僩偲晅懏偺儌僯僞乕丒僉乕儃乕僪偺椉曽傪愝掕偡傞偲丄僞僀儉傾
僂僩偵側傞傑偱丄椉曽偺僨僶僀僗偱僉乕偺墴壓偑梫媮偝傟傑偡丅僉乕偑墴偝傟
傞偲丄僉乕傪墴偟偨偦偺僨僶僀僗偵僽乕僩儊僯儏乕傪昞帵偟傑偡丅偪傚偭偲傑
偛偮偔偐傕偟傟傑偣傫偑丄懠偺僨僶僀僗偵偼壗傕尰傟傑偣傫丅

僉乕傪壗傕墴偝側偄偲丄 terminal 僐儅儞僪偱 serial 偐 console 偺偄偢傟偐
嵟弶偵婰弎偟偰偁傞曽偵僽乕僩儊僯儏乕傪昞帵偟傑偡丅 timeout 偱愝掕偝傟偨
帪娫偑枮椆偟偨屻丄 default 偱愝掕偝傟偨僨僼僅儖僩僆僾僔儑儞偺撪梕偱僽乕
僩偟傑偡丅

Figure 4-8. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偲晅懏偺儌僯僞乕梡偵愝掕偟偨応崌偺丄僨僼
僅儖僩僨僶僀僗傊偺 GRUB 偺弌椡

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆Press any key to continue.                                                      劆
劆Press any key to continue.                                                      劆
劆Press any key to continue.                                                      劆
劆Press any key to continue.                                                      劆
劆Press any key to continue.                                                      劆
劆Press any key to continue.                                                      劆
劆Press any key to continue.                                                      劆
劆Press any key to continue.                                                      劆
劆Press any key to continue.                                                      劆
劆Press any key to continue.                                                      劆
劆                                                                                劆
劆    GRUB  version 0.90  (639K lower / 162752K upper memory)                     劆
劆                                                                                劆
劆 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+    劆
劆 | [ Red Hat Linux (2.4.9-21)   ]                                          |    劆
劆 |                                                                         |    劆
劆 |                                                                         |    劆
劆 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+    劆
劆      Use the ^ and v keys to select which entry is highlighted.                劆
劆      Press enter to boot the selected OS or 'p' to enter a                     劆
劆      password to unlock the next set of features.                              劆
劆                                                                                劆
劆   The highlighted entry will be booted automatically in 10 seconds.            劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

VT100 抂枛傪巊偭偰偄側偄応崌偼丄僇乕僜儖僉乕傪巊偭偨 GRUB 偺儊僯儏乕崁
栚偺慖戰偑偱偒側偄偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅偟偐偟丄 Figure 4-8 偵帵偟偨傗傝曽偼
丄暥帤偲偍傝惓偟偄偺偱偡丅 Use the ^ and v keys 偼丄僉儍儗僢僩(^)僉乕乮
Shift-6乯偱僇乕僜儖偑忋曽偵摦偒丄 v 僉乕 (V) 偱僇乕僜儖偑壓曽偵摦偔偲偄
偆堄枴偱偡丅

GRUB 偺愝掕偵嵺偟偰偼丄 2 庬椶偺僞僀儉傾僂僩偑娭學偟偰偄傞偙偲偵拲堄偟
偰壓偝偄丅 Press any key to continue 偼 terminal --timeout=10 僐儅儞僪
偱愝掕偟偨帪娫偩偗昞帵偝傟偰偍傝丄僉乕儃乕僪偐抂枛偱偩傟偐偑僉乕傪墴偟
偰丄擖椡僼僅乕僇僗傪庢摼偡傞偺傪懸偭偰偄傑偡丅偦傟偐傜儊僯儏乕偑 
timeout 10 昩娫昞帵偝傟偰丄偦偺屻偱僨僼僅儖僩偺僽乕僩僆僾僔儑儞偑嵦梡偝
傟傑偡丅

僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵庢傝晅偗偨抂枛偑丄杮暔偺 VT100 偱傕 VT100 偺僄儈儏儗乕
僞偱傕側偄応崌偼丄 GRUB 偺僐儅儞僪儔僀儞僀儞僞僼僃乕僗傪巊傢偞傞傪偊傑
偣傫丅偙偺僀儞僞僼僃乕僗偼 GRUB 偺儊僯儏乕僀儞僞僼僃乕僗傛傝傕偢偭偲擄
偟偄偺偱偡偑丄 VT100 偺抂枛尵岅偑柍偔偰傕巊偊傑偡丅

Figure 4-9. VT100 埲奜偺抂枛偱僐儅儞僪儔僀儞僀儞僞僼僃乕僗傪巊偆応崌偺
GRUB 偺愝掕

terminal --timeout=10 --dumb serial console                            

偙偺 HOWTO 偱偼丄 GRUB 偺僐儅儞僪儔僀儞偺巊梡曽朄偼愢柧偟傑偣傫丅偙偺僐
儅儞僪儔僀儞偼偼傞偐偵暋嶨側偆偊僄儔乕偑弌堈偄偺偱丄杮斣婡偱巊偆偺偼偍
彠傔偱偒傑偣傫丅柤恖側傜丄僇乕僱儖偺僽乕僩偵昁梫側僐儅儞僪偼 GRUB 偺
info 儅僯儏傾儖傪挷傋傟偽偄偄偼偢偩偲偄偆偙偲偼傢偐偭偰偄傞偱偟傚偆丅

GRUB 偺儊僯儏乕偼丄 P 傪墴偟偰僷僗儚乕僪傪擖椡偟偨傜丄懳榖揑偵曇廤偱偒
傞傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅儊僯儏乕崁栚傪捛壛偟偰丄暿偺儔儞儗儀儖偱儅僔儞傪僽乕
僩偡傞偲偄偆偺偑偆傑偄傗傝曽偱偡丅僨僼僅儖僩儔儞儗儀儖梡偺儊僯儏乕僄儞
僩儕偲僔儞僌儖儐乕僓乕儌乕僪乮儔儞儗儀儖 s乯梡偺儊僯儏乕僄儞僩儕偺愝掕
僒儞僾儖傪 Figure 4-10 偵帵偟偰偁傝傑偡丅僔儞僌儖儐乕僓乕儌乕僪偵偮偄偰
偼丄lock 僐儅儞僪傪巊偭偰僷僗儚乕僪傪梫媮偡傞偺傪朰傟側偄偱壓偝偄丅僔儞
僌儖儐乕僓乕儌乕僪偱偼丄 Linux 偺僷僗儚乕僪偑梫媮偝傟傑偣傫丅

Figure 4-10. GRUB 偺儊僯儏乕偵僔儞僌儖儐乕僓乕儌乕僪偺僆僾僔儑儞傪捛壛
偡傞

password --md5 $1$U$JK7xFegdxWH6VuppCUSIb.                             
default 0                                                              
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.9-21)                                         
        root (hd0,0)                                                   
        kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.9-21 ro root=/dev/hda6                     
        initrd /initrd-2.4.9-21.img                                    
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.9-21) single user mode                        
        lock                                                           
        root (hd0,0)                                                   
        kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.9-21 ro root=/dev/hda6 s                   
        initrd /initrd-2.4.9-21.img                                    

kernel 僐儅儞僪偲 initrd 僐儅儞僪偵偁傞僼傽僀儖柤偼丄 GRUB 傪僀儞僗僩乕
儖偟偨僨傿儗僋僩儕偐傜偺憡懳僷僗偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅 GRUB 傪僀儞僗僩乕儖偡
傞僨傿儗僋僩儕偼丄晛捠 /boot/grub 偱偡丅偱偡偐傜丄 /vmlinuz-2.4.9-21 偲
偄偆偺偼丄幚嵺偼 /boot/grub/vmlinuz-2.4.9-21 偲偄偆僼傽僀儖偵側傝傑偡丅

偙傟偱僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偑巊偊傞傛偆偵 GRUB 傪愝掕偟傑偟偨丅偟偐偟傑偩
丄 GRUB 偐傜僽乕僩偡傞僇乕僱儖傪丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偑巊偊傞傛偆偵愝掕
偟側偗傟偽側傝傑偣傫丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

4.3. SYSLINUX 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偡傞

SYSLINUX <http://syslinux.zytor.com/> 偼丄MS-DOS 偺僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋忋
偵僀儞僗僩乕儖偡傞僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偱偡丅 \SYSLINUX.CFG 偲偄偆愝掕僼傽僀儖
偑巜帵偡傞撪梕偵偟偨偑偭偰丄僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋偐傜僼傽僀儖傪堦偮丄
Linux 僇乕僱儖偲偟偰儘乕僪偟傑偡丅

SYSLINUX 偱偼娙扨側僥僉僗僩僀儞僞僼僃乕僗傪梡堄偟偰偄傑偡丅偙傟傪巊偭偰
丄愝掕僼傽僀儖偵掕媊偟偰偁傞丄梊傔梡堄偟偨愝掕偺拞偐傜儘乕僪偡傞僇乕僱
儖偑慖傋傞偟丄僇乕僱儖偵梌偊傞僷儔儊乕僞傪捛壛偡傞偙偲傕偱偒傑偡丅

ISOLINUX 偲 PXELINUX 偼 SYSLINUX 偺曄宍斉偱丄 CD-ROM 偲 Intel 偺 
Preboot Execution Environment <http://developer.intel.com/ial/wfm/> 偱
巊偆傕偺偱偡丅

SYSLINUX 偼丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺懍搙偵偮偄偰偼丄暆峀偔僒億乕僩偟偰偄傑偡偑
丄懍搙埲奜偱偼丄8 價僢僩僨乕僞丄僷儕僥傿柍偟丄1 僗僩僢僾價僢僩偟偐僒億
乕僩偟偰偄傑偣傫丅僔儕傾儖億乕僩偼丄 COM1: 偐傜 COM4: 傑偱傪僒億乕僩偟
偰偄傑偡丅偨偄偰偄偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偱傕偦偆偱偡偑丄偙傟傪 0 偐傜 3 傑偱
偺悢帤偵妱傝摉偰偰丄億乕僩 0 偲偐億乕僩 3 偲偄偆傛偆偵彂偒傑偡丅

SYSLINUX 偱僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪僒億乕僩偡傞偵偼丄埲壓偺僐儅儞僪傪 \
SYSLINUX.CFG 偺嵟弶偺峴偵怴偟偔捛壛偟傑偡丅

Figure 4-11. EBNF 婰朄偵傛傞丄 SYSLINUX 偺 serial 僐儅儞僪峔暥

serial <嬻敀> <僔儕傾儖億乕僩> [ <嬻敀> <懍搙> [ <嬻敀> <syslinux_僼儘
乕惂屼> ] ]

偙偺曄悢偱巊梡偟偰偄傞峔暥偼丄 Figure 2-7 偲 Figure 4-2丄偝傜偵 Figure
4-12 偱巊偭偰偄傞傕偺偲摨偠偱偡丅

Figure 4-12. EBNF 婰朄偵傛傞丄 SYSLINUX 偺 serial 曄悢

<嬻敀> ::= 乪 乫
<syslinux_僼儘乕惂屼> ::= <16 恑悢帤楍>
<16 恑悢帤楍> ::= 0x<16 恑悢帤><16 恑悢帤><16 恑悢帤>
<16 恑悢帤> ::= 0 | 1 | 乧 | 9 | a | b | 乧 | f

<syslinux_僼儘乕惂屼> 曄悢偼 RS-232 偺僗僥乕僞僗傪娗棟偡傞傕偺偱丄僼儘
乕惂屼怣崋偼僆僾僔儑儞偱偡丅偛帺暘偺僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖偵僗僥乕僞僗怣崋
傗僴儞僪僔僃乕僋怣崋偑壗傕尰傟側偄応崌偼丄偙偺曄悢傪巊傢側偄偱偔偩偝偄
丅 <syslinux_僼儘乕惂屼> 偺抣偼丄 Table 4-1 偵儕僗僩偟偰偁傞僼儘乕惂屼
偺摦嶌偺偆偪丄朷傑偟偄抣傪 16 恑悢偱捛壛偡傟偽寁嶼偝傟傑偡丅

惓偟偔寢慄偟偨僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖傗丄惓偟偄愝掕偺儌僨儉傪巊梡偡傞偆偊偱
昁梫側偙偲偼丄昞拞偺 乬RS-232 偺姰慡弨嫆偵昁梫偐丠乭 偺棑偱帵偟偰偁傝傑
偡丅偙傟傜偺抣偺崌寁偼 0xab3 偵側傝傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Table 4-1. SYSLINUX 偺僼儘乕惂屼價僢僩儅僢僾

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劍劅劅劅劍劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆                        劆16 恑 劆埲壓偺奺怣崋偺惂屼偼 RS-232 傊偺劆
劆    僼儘乕惂屼偺摦嶌    劆 悢抣 劆       姰慡弨嫆偵昁梫偐丠       劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆DTR 傪傾僒乕僩偡傞      劆0x001 劆              昁梫              劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆RTS 傪傾僒乕僩偡傞      劆0x002 劆              昁梫              劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆CTS 偺傾僒乕僩傪懸偮    劆0x010 劆              昁梫              劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆DSR 偺傾僒乕僩傪懸偮    劆0x020 劆              昁梫              劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆RI 偺傾僒乕僩傪懸偮     劆0x040 劆              晄梫              劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆DCD 偺傾僒乕僩傪懸偮    劆0x080 劆              昁梫              劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆CTS 偑傾僒乕僩偝傟側偄尷劆0x100 劆              晄梫              劆
劆傝擖椡傪柍帇偡傞        劆      劆                                劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆DSR 偑傾僒乕僩偝傟側偄尷劆0x200 劆              昁梫              劆
劆傝擖椡傪柍帇偡傞        劆      劆                                劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆RI 偑傾僒乕僩偝傟側偄尷 劆0x400 劆              晄梫              劆
劆傝擖椡傪柍帇偡傞        劆      劆                                劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆DCD 偑傾僒乕僩偝傟側偄尷劆0x800 劆              昁梫              劆
劆傝擖椡傪柍帇偡傞        劆      劆                                劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劏劅劅劅劏劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

偙偙偱愝掕偟偨偄丄 9600bps, 億乕僩 0, 姰慡側 RS-232 僗僥乕僞僗怣崋丄CTS
/RTS 偺僼儘乕惂屼偲偄偭偨撪梕偼師偺傛偆偵彂偒傑偡丅

serial 0 9600 0xab3                                                    

    Tip: 偙偺愝掕傪巊梡偡傞偲丄儌僨儉偑揹榖偱愙懕偝傟偨偙偲乮偁傞偄偼丄
    僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖傪巊偭偰偄傟偽丄抂枛偑偮側偑偭偨偙偲乯傪 RS-232
    偺僗僥乕僞僗怣崋偑帵偡傑偱丄 SYSLINUX 偼壗傕昞帵偟側偄偟丄僉乕儃乕
    僪偱僞僀僾偟偨偳傫側暥帤傕庴偗晅偗傑偣傫丅
   
偍帩偪偺僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖偵 RS-232 偺僗僥乕僞僗怣崋偑柍偔丄柍庤弴側傜
丄埲壓偺僐儅儞僪傪巊偭偰壓偝偄丅

serial 0 9600                                                          

朰傟側偄偱壓偝偄丅 serial 偼 \SYSLINUX.CFG 偺拞偺嵟弶偺峴偱側偗傟偽側傝
傑偣傫丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 5. Linux 僇乕僱儖偺愝掕曄峏

Linux 僇乕僱儖偼愝掕傪曄峏偟丄梌偊傜傟偨 console 僷儔儊乕僞傪梡偄偰僔儕
傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偆傛偆偵偟傑偡丅 console 僷儔儊乕僞偼孞傝曉偟梌偊傞偙
偲偑偱偒傑偡丅偦偺応崌弌椡偼偡傋偰偺僐儞僜乕儖偵憲傜傟丄擖椡偼堦斣嵟屻
偵儕僗僩偟偰偁傞僐儞僜乕儖偐傜庢摼偟傑偡丅偙偺堦斣嵟屻偺 console 偼
Linux 偑 /dev/console 僨僶僀僗偵巊偆傕偺偱偡丅

console 偺僷儔儊乕僞峔暥偼 Figure 5-1 偵帵偟偰偁傝傑偡丅

Figure 5-1. EBNF 婰朄偵傛傞僇乕僱儖偺 console 峔暥

console=ttyS<僔儕傾儖億乕僩>[,<儌乕僪>]
console=tty<壖憐抂枛>
console=lp<僷儔儗儖億乕僩>
console=ttyUSB[<USB億乕僩>[,<儌乕僪>]

<僔儕傾儖億乕僩> 偼僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺斣崋偱偡丅偙傟偼 Figure 4-2 偱掕媊偟
偰偁傝傑偡偟丄 Section 2.2 偱愢柧偟偰偄傑偡丅偙偺 HOWTO 偺椺偱偼丄嵟弶
偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偄丄 <僔儕傾儖億乕僩> 偵 0 偲偄偆抣傪梌偊偰偄傑偡丅
偦偟偰崱搙偼偙傟偑丄僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞偵 console=ttyS0 偲偄偆抣傪搉偟偰
偄傑偡丅

偛帺暘偺 Linux 婡偱 devfs 僨僶僀僗僼傽僀儖僔僗僥儉傪巊偭偰偄傞応崌丄嵟
弶偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵懳偡傞僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞偼丄傗偼傝 ttyS0 偵側傝傑偡
丅偙傟偼丄偙偺嵟弶偺僔儕傾儖僨僶僀僗偑丄 /dev/ttyS0 偱偼側偔丄 /dev/
ttys/0 偩偲偟偰傕丄偦偆側傝傑偡丅

<儌乕僪> 偼丄 Figure 2-7 偱掕媊偟偰偁傝傑偡丅偝傜偵丄Section 2.3 偱愢柧
偟偰偄傑偡丅偙偺 HOWTO 偺椺偱巊梡偟偰偄傞偺偼丄懍搙偑 9600價僢僩枅昩丄1
僗僞乕僩價僢僩丄僨乕僞偼 8 價僢僩丄僷儕僥傿柍偟丄1 僗僩僢僾價僢僩丄偍傛
傃 CTS/RTS 偵傛傞僼儘乕惂屼柍偟偱偡丅偱偡偐傜 <儌乕僪> 偵偼 9600n8 偲偄
偆抣傪梌偊偰偄傑偡丅偟偐偟丄尰嵼偺僇乕僱儖偵偁傞僼儘乕惂屼偺僶僌偑廋惓
偝傟偨帪偼丄偙偺 HOWTO 偱丄嵞搙 9600n8r 傪悇彠偟傑偡丅

<USB億乕僩> 偵偼丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偵巊偆僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪搵嵹偟偰偄傞
丄 USB 僪儞僌儖 [13] 偺傾僪儗僗偑巜掕偱偒傑偡丅椺偊偽丄 console=
ttyS0,9600n8 偲偄偆僔儕傾儖億乕僩偼丄 USB 偺僔儕傾儖僪儞僌儖偵堏偡偲丄
console=ttyUSB0,9600n8 偲彂偔偙偲偵側傝傑偡丅 USB 僒僽僔僗僥儉偑僗僞乕
僩偡傞偺偼僽乕僩偡傞夁掱偺傓偟傠嵟屻偺傎偆側偺偱丄 USB 僒僽僔僗僥儉偺儘
乕僪慜偵弌偨僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕偼幐傢傟傑偡丅

console 僷儔儊乕僞傪壗傕晅偗側偄偲丄僇乕僱儖偼 /dev/tty0 偲偄偆丄嵟弶偺
壖憐抂枛傪巊偄傑偡丅儐乕僓乕偼僉乕儃乕僪偱 Ctrl-Alt-F1 偲墴偟偰丄偙偺壖
憐抂枛傪巊梡偟傑偡丅

偍巊偄偺僐儞僺儏乕僞偵價僨僆僇乕僪偑偁傞側傜丄偦傟傕僐儞僜乕儖偱巊偊傞
傛偆偵愝掕偟偨傜偳偆偱偟傚偆偐丅僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞偺 console=tty0 傪巊
偊偽偦偆側傝傑偡丅

價僨僆僇乕僪傪搵嵹偟偰偍傝丄乪COM1:乫 偲偄偆報偺億乕僩偵僔儕傾儖僐儞僜
乕儖傕晅偄偰偄傞僐儞僺儏乕僞偵偮偄偰偼丄偙偺 HOWTO 偱偼師偺僇乕僱儖僷儔
儊乕僞傪偍彠傔偟傑偡丅

Figure 5-2. 價僨僆僇乕僪晅 PC 偱悇彠偡傞僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞

console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8                                      

僇乕僱儖儊僢僙乕僕偼丄嵟弶偺壖憐抂枛偲僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺椉曽偵尰傟傑偡丅
偱偡偑丄init 僔僗僥儉偲僔僗僥儉儘僌嵦庢僾儘僌儔儉偑弌偡儊僢僙乕僕偼丄嵟
弶偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵偟偐尰傟傑偣傫丅偱偡偐傜丄晅懏偺儌僯僞乕傪尒傞偲丄
庒姳崿棎偡傞偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅儅僔儞偑僽乕僩偟偰丄偦傟偐傜僴儞僌偡傞傛偆
偵尒偊傞偐傜偱偡丅偱傕偆傠偨偊側偄偱丅 init 僔僗僥儉偼僗僞乕僩偟偰偄傑
偡丅偱傕偦偺帪偼丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵偼儊僢僙乕僕傪昞帵偟偰偄傑偡偑丄晅懏
儌僯僞乕偺夋柺偵偼壗傕昞帵偟偰偄側偄偺偱偡丅 getty 傪愝掕偟偰偄傟偽丄嵟
廔揑偵偼 login: 僾儘儞僾僩偑丄晅懏偺儌僯僞乕忋偵尰傟傑偡丅

價僨僆僇乕僪偑晅偄偰偄側偄 PC 偵偮偄偰偼丄偙偺 HOWTO 偱偼師偺傛偆側僇乕
僱儖僷儔儊乕僞傪偍彠傔偟傑偡丅

Figure 5-3. 價僨僆僇乕僪柍偟偺 PC 偱悇彠偡傞僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞

console=ttyS0,9600n8                                                   

偙傟傜偺僷儔儊乕僞偼丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偑僽乕僩偡傞僇乕僱儖偵搉偟傑偡丅師
偵丄偛帺暘偺 Linux 婡偱巊梡偟偰偄傞僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偟丄 console 僷
儔儊乕僞傪僇乕僱儖偵搉偡傛偆偵偟傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

5.1. LILO 傪巊偭偨 Linux 僇乕僱儖偺愝掕

/etc/lilo.conf 偺奺 image 僄儞僩儕偵懳偟偰丄埲壓偺峴傪捛壛偟偰壓偝偄丅

Figure 5-4. LILO 傪愝掕偡傞嵺偺丄悇彠偡傞僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞

append="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8"                             

婛偵 append 峴偑懚嵼偡傞偙偲傕偁傝傑偡丅椺偊偽埲壓偺傛偆側傕偺偱偡丅

append="mem=1024M"                                                     

偙偺応崌丄婛懚偺 append 峴偼丄僷儔儊乕僞偡傋偰傪搉偡傛偆偵廋惓偟傑偡丅
寢壥偼師偺偲偍傝偱偡丅

append="mem=1024M console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8"                   

愝掕慡暥偺椺偲偟偰丄 Red Hat Linux 7.1 偺揟宆揑側 /etc/lilo.conf 偺愝掕
傪埲壓偵帵偟傑偡丅

Example 5-1. 儀儞僟乕偑僀儞僗僩乕儖偟偨丄 LILO 偺愝掕偺慡暥

boot=/dev/hda                                                          
map=/boot/map                                                          
install=/boot/boot.b                                                   
prompt                                                                 
timeout=50                                                             
message=/boot/message                                                  
default=linux                                                          
                                                                       
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.2-2                                            
  label=linux                                                          
  read-only                                                            
  root=/dev/hda6                                                       
  initrd=/boot/initrd-2.4.2-2.img                                      

偙傟傪師偺傛偆偵廋惓偟傑偡丅

Example 5-2. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖岦偗偺廋惓傪壛偊偨丄LILO 愝掕偺慡暥

boot=/dev/hda                                                          
map=/boot/map                                                          
install=/boot/boot.b                                                   
prompt                                                                 
default=linux                                                          
# COM1 偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖岦偗曄峏丗僌儘乕僶儖僙僋僔儑儞撪            
#   message=/boot/message 傪嶍彍                                       
serial=0,9600n8                                                        
timeout=100                                                            
restricted                                                             
password=de7mGPe3i8                                                    
                                                                       
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.2-2                                            
  label=linux                                                          
  read-only                                                            
  root=/dev/hda6                                                       
  initrd=/boot/initrd-2.4.2-2.img                                      
  # COM1 偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖岦偗曄峏丗奺僀儊乕僕僙僋僔儑儞撪          
  append="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8"                           

偝偰丄偙傟偱 LILO 偺愝掕偑廔椆偟傑偟偨丅 lilo 僐儅儞僪傪巊偭偰怴偟偄僽
乕僩儗僐乕僪傪僨傿僗僋偵僀儞僗僩乕儖偟傑偟傚偆丅

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劆bash# chown root:root /etc/lilo.conf                                劆
劆bash# chmod u=rw,g=,o= /etc/lilo.conf                               劆
劆bash# lilo                                                          劆
劆Added linux *                                                       劆
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劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

5.2. GRUB 傪巊偭偰偄傞 Linux 僇乕僱儖偺愝掕

GRUB 偺愝掕僼傽僀儖偱丄奺 title 僄儞僩儕傪尒偮偗偰偔偩偝偄丅偦偺僄儞僩
儕偺屻偵 kernel 峴偑懕偄偰偄傑偡丅椺偊偽丄師偺傛偆側傕偺偱偡丅

title Red Hat Linux (2.4.9-21)                                         
  root (hd0,0)                                                         
  kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.9-21 ro root=/dev/hda6                           
  initrd /initrd-2.4.9-21.img                                          

奺 kernel 峴傪廋惓偟偰丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偆偙偲傪僇乕僱儖偵捠抦偡
傞僷儔儊乕僞傪捛壛偟傑偡丅

Figure 5-5. GRUB 偺愝掕偱悇彠偡傞僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞

title Red Hat Linux (2.4.9-21)                                                 
  root (hd0,0)                                                                 
  kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.9-21 ro root=/dev/hda6 console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8 
  initrd /initrd-2.4.9-21.img                                                  

Example 5-3 偑愝掕慡暥偺椺偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅偙傟偼丄 Red Hat Linux 7.2 偺
丄揟宆揑側 GRUB 偺愝掕偱偡丅

Example 5-3. 儀儞僟乕偑僀儞僗僩乕儖偟偨丄GRUB 偺愝掕偺慡暥

default=0                                                              
timeout=10                                                             
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz                                 
password --md5 $1$wwmIq64O$2vofKBDL9vZKeJyaKwIeT.                      
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.9-21)                                         
root (hd0,0)                                                           
  kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.9-21 ro root=/dev/hda6                           
  initrd /initrd-2.4.9-21.img                                          

廋惓偟偨愝掕僼傽僀儖偼 Example 5-4 偵帵偟偰偁傝傑偡丅

Example 5-4. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡偵廋惓偟偨丄GRUB 偺愝掕偺慡暥

default=0                                                                        
timeout=10                                                                       
password --md5 $1$wwmIq64O$2vofKBDL9vZKeJyaKwIeT.                                
serial --unit=0 --speed=9600 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1                       
terminal --timeout=10 serial console                                             
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.9-21)                                                   
  root (hd0,0)                                                                   
  kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.9-21 ro root=/dev/hda6 console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8   
  initrd /initrd-2.4.9-21.img                                                    
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.9-21) single user mode                                  
  lock                                                                           
  root (hd0,0)                                                                   
  kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.9-21 ro root=/dev/hda6 console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8 s 
  initrd /initrd-2.4.9-21.img                                                    

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

5.3. SYSLINUX 傪巊偭偰偄傞 Linux 僇乕僱儖偺愝掕

奺 LABEL 僄儞僩儕傪曇廤偟偰丄 Linux 僇乕僱儖偵搉偡僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖僷
儔儊乕僞傪娷傔偨丄 APPEND 峴傪捛壛偟偰壓偝偄丅 LILO 摨條丄婛偵偙偺僷儔
儊乕僞偑偁傞応崌偼丄 APPEND 偺屻偺儕僗僩偵丄偙偺僷儔儊乕僞傪捛壛偟偰壓
偝偄丅

椺偊偽偙偺傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅

Figure 5-6. SYSLINUX 偺愝掕偱悇彠偡傞僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞

APPEND console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8                               

偱傕弶怱幰偵偼丄 LILO 偲 SYSLINUX 偺堘偄偐傜偔傞悌偑偄偔偮偐偁傝傑偡丅
LILO 偱偼 append= 傪巊偄傑偡丅偲偙傠偑 SYSLINUX 偱偼丄偨偩 append 偩偗
偱偡丅偦傟偵丄 LILO 偱偼丄 /etc/lilo.conf 傪曄峏偡傞偨傃偵 lilo 傪幚峴
偡傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡偑丄 SYSLINUX 偱偼丄 \SYSLINUX.CFG 傪曄峏偟偨屻偱傕 
syslinux 傪幚峴偡傞昁梫偼偁傝傑偣傫丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 6. getty 傪愝掕偡傞

getty 偼僔儕傾儖儔僀儞傪娔帇偟偰愙懕傪懸偭偰偄傑偡丅愙懕屻僔儕傾儖儕儞
僋傪妋棫偟丄 /etc/issue 偺撪梕傪憲怣偟丄儐乕僓乕偵儘僌僀儞柤傪梫媮偟傑
偡丅偦傟偐傜 getty 偼 login 傪僗僞乕僩偝偣丄 login 偑儐乕僓乕偵僷僗儚乕
僪傪梫媮偟傑偡丅儐乕僓乕偑壗傕偟側偄偲丄 getty 偁傞偄偼 login 偼僴儞僌
傾僢僾偟丄 getty 偼懸偪忬懺偵栠傝傑偡丅

getty 僐儅儞僪偼夁嫀壗搙偲側偔嵞幚憰偝傟偰偒傑偟偨丅偱偡偐傜 getty 偺僋
儘乕儞偵偼暆峀偄慖戰巿偑偁傝丄偦傟偧傟偑偦偺摦嶌偲峔暥偺揰偱彮偟偢偮堎
側偭偰偄傑偡丅偙偙偱偼廬棃偺 getty 偺愢柧傪偟偰丄偦傟偐傜懠偵傕傛偔巊傢
傟偰偄傞傕偺傪庢傝忋偘傑偡丅

getty 偺巇帠偺堦偮偼丄 TERM 娐嫬曄悢傪愝掕偟丄愙懕偟偰偄傞抂枛偺庬椶偲
宆傪昞偡偙偲偱偡丅偙偺 HOWTO 偱偼丄抂枛傪堦斒揑偵僄儈儏儗乕僩偝傟偰偄傞
DEC VT100 偵愝掕偟傑偡丅偱傕偨傑偵暿偺抂枛僄儈儏儗乕僔儑儞傪巊偭偰愙懕
偡傞偙偲偑偁傞偺側傜丄懳榖揑偵暿偺抂枛偵愝掕偟捈偡偙偲傕偱偒傑偡丅 /etc
/termcap 偵嵹偭偰偄傞抂枛偺撪丄揔愗側傕偺傪 TERM 偵愝掕偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

Figure 6-1. 愙懕偟偰偄傞抂枛偺庬椶偲宆傪懳榖揑偵曄峏偡傞

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劆bash$ TERM=kermit                                                   劆
劆bash$ tset -r                                                       劆
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偱傕傑偢偼丄getty 偑偦傕偦傕偳偆傗偭偰僗僞乕僩偡傞偺偐傪尒偰傒傑偟傚偆
丅

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6.1. init 僔僗僥儉

/etc/inittab 僼傽僀儖偵偼僶僢僋僌儔僂儞僪僾儘僌儔儉偑娷傑傟偰偍傝丄偙傟
傜傪巊偭偰僔僗僥儉傪摦偐偟懕偗傑偡丅偙偆偄偭偨僾儘僌儔儉偺堦偮偑 getty
偱丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩堦偮偵偮偒 1 屄偺 getty 僾儘僙僗偑偁傝傑偡丅

Figure 6-2. getty 偼丄 /etc/inittab 偺僄儞僩儕偵婎偯偒 init 偑婲摦偡傞

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆co:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty ttyS0 CON9600 vt102                     劆
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inittab 偺奺僼傿乕儖僪偼僐儘儞 (:) 偱嬫愗傜傟偰偍傝丄埲壓偺傕偺傪娷傫偱
偄傑偡丅

co
   
    inittab 撪偺擟堄偺僄儞僩儕偱偡丅偙偺僄儞僩儕偑 inittab 偺懠偺応強偵
    尰傟偰偄側偄尷傝戝忎晇偱偡丅偙偺僄儞僩儕偼僐儞僜乕儖梡側偺偱丄 co
    偲偄偆柤慜偵偟傑偟偨丅
   
    Red Hat Linux 7.3 偵偼 kudzu 偲偄偆僾儘僌儔儉偑偁傝丄僽乕僩帪偵僔僗
    僥儉愝掕傪峴側偄傑偡丅 kudzu 偼 co 偲偄偆 inittab 偺僄儞僩儕傪摿暿
    埖偄偟傑偡丅偙偺僄儞僩儕傪梡偄偰丄晅懏偺儌僯僞乕丒僉乕儃乕僪丄偁傞
    偄偼僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺愝掕傪峴側偆偺偱偡丅 co 偺抣傪僴乕僪僐乕僨
    傿儞僌偡傟偽丄偙傟偼杊偘傑偡丅
   
2345
   
    偙偺僄儞僩儕偑僗僞乕僩偡傞儔儞儗儀儖偱偡丅摦嶌壜擻側僔僗僥儉偵偮偄
    偰偼丄儔儞儗儀儖 2丄3丄4 偦傟偵 5 偑巊偊傑偡丅懠偺儔儞儗儀儖偱偼
    getty 偼巊傢側偄偱偔偩偝偄丅僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偼丄儔儞儗儀儖 1 乮側
    偄偟偼僔儞僌儖儐乕僓乕儌乕僪乯偱丄 getty 偑柍偔偰傕摦嶌偟傑偡丅
   
respawn
   
    偦偺僾儘僌儔儉偑巰傫偩応崌偵丄偦傟傪嵞婲摦偟傑偡丅僐儞僜乕儖偐傜儘
    僌傾僂僩偟偨偲偒丄怴偟偄 login 僾儘儞僾僩偑尰傟傞傛偆偵丄嵞婲摦偝偣
    偨偄傫偱偡丅
   
/sbin/getty ttyS0 CON9600 vt102
   
    幚峴偡傋偒僐儅儞僪偱偡丅偙偺応崌丄 /etc/gettydefs 偵懚嵼偡傞
    CON9600 偺愝掕傪巊偭偰丄 /dev/ttyS0 偵愙懕偡傞傛偆丄 getty 偵巜帵偟
    偰偄傑偡丅偙偺僄儞僩儕偼 9600bps 偱摦偄偰偄傞抂枛傪昞偟偰偄傑偡丅偙
    偺抂枛偼 VT100 偺屻宲儌僨儖偩偲嵟弶偵壖掕偟偰偄傑偡丅
   
/etc/inittab 偺曄峏屻丄埲壓偺僐儅儞僪傪巊偭偰 init 傪嵞婲摦偟傑偡丅

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劆telinit q                                                           劆
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偁傞偄偼 kill -HUP 1 僐儅儞僪傪巊偭偰丄 init 偵僴儞僌傾僢僾僔僌僫儖傪憲
偭偰傕偐傑偄傑偣傫丅偱傕偙偺曽朄偼偍彠傔偟傑偣傫丅偲偄偆偺偼丄傕偟僞僀
僾儈僗傪偟偰丄杮摉偵 init 傪嶦偟偰偟傑偆偲丄偦偺弖娫偵僔僗僥儉偑撍慠掆
巭偟偰偟傑偆偐傜偱偡丅

    inittab 撪偺僐儊儞僩偲 Red Hat 偺 kudzu: kudzu 偼 # 偺僐儊儞僩峴傪
    巊偭偰丄晅懏偺儌僯僞乕丒僉乕儃乕僪傗僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵懳偡傞 getty 偺
    婲摦傗掆巭傪峴側偭偰偄傑偡丅杮摉偺僐儊儞僩偲 kudzu 偱曐懚偟偰偄傞峴
    偑崿棎偟側偄傛偆偵丄杮暔偺僐儊儞僩峴偼丄 ## 偱巒傔偰壓偝偄丅
   
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6.2. 廬棃偺 getty

廬棃幚憰偝傟偰偒偨 getty 偵偼丄 uugetty 偲 getty_ps 偑偁傝傑偡丅

廬棃偺 getty 偼丄 /etc/gettydefs 偵偁傞僙僋僔儑儞柤偱丄 /etc/inittab 偵
嵹偭偰偄傑偡丅偙偺僙僋僔儑儞柤偼丄偦偺 getty 偺愝掕偵梡偄傑偡丅 Figure
6-2 偺椺偱偼丄 CON9600 偲偄偆僙僋僔儑儞傪巊偄傑偟偨丅

昗弨偺 gettydefs 偵偼丄 CON9600 偼偁傝傑偣傫丅傢偞偲偙偆偟傑偟偨丅僔儕
傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偱偼丄庒姳傂偹偭偰傒傞偺偑昁梫側偲偒偑偨傑偵偁傞偺偱偡丅
DT9600 僄儞僩儕傪僐僺乕偟偰丄偦傟傪帺暘偺儌僨儖偵巊偭偰壓偝偄丅

Figure 6-3. gettydefs 偵 CON9600 傪掕媊偡傞

# 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖 9600, 8, N, 1, CTS/RTS 僼儘乕惂屼                                                                
CON9600# B9600 CS8 -PARENB -ISTRIP CRTSCTS HUPCL # B9600 SANE CS8 -PARENB -ISTRIP CRTSCTS HUPCL #@S @L login: #CON9600

奺乆偺峴偼嬻峴偱嬫愗偭偰壓偝偄丅

奺乆偺愝掕峴偺峔暥偼埲壓偺偲偍傝偱偡丅

Figure 6-4. EBNF婰朄偵傛傞丄/etc/gettydefs 偺僄儞僩儕峔暥

<儔儀儖># <弶婜僼儔僌> # <嵟廔僼儔僌> #<儘僌僀儞僾儘儞僾僩>#<師偺儔儀
儖>

<儔儀儖> 偼丄 getty 僐儅儞僪儔僀儞偱嶲徠偟傑偡丅

<師偺儔儀儖> 偼丄 RS-232 偺僽儗乕僋怣崋偑憲傜傟偨傜巊偆掕媊偱偡丅僐儞僜
乕儖偑巊梡偡傞懍搙偼忢偵 9600bps 側偺偱丄偙偙偱偼嵟弶偺儔儀儖傪傕偆堦搙
巜偟帵偡偙偲偵側傝傑偡丅 gettydefs 偺拞偱丄 CON9600 傪傕偆堦峴彂偔偮傕
傝側傜丄 Section 9.9 傪嶲徠偟偰壓偝偄丅

<弶婜僼儔僌> 偼 getty 偑巊偆僔儕傾儖儔僀儞偺僷儔儊乕僞偱偡丅偙傟傜偺尦
偵側偭偨偺偼丄stty(1) 偺僆僾僔儑儞偲 termios(3) 偺僆僾僔儑儞偱偡偑丄偙
偺僷儔儊乕僞偺姰慡側儕僗僩偼丄巊偭偰偄傞 getty 偺庬椶偵傛偭偰條乆偱偡丅
Figure 6-3 偺僷儔儊乕僞偱偼丄僨乕僞偑 8 價僢僩丄僷儕僥傿柍偟偺丄 9600
bps 偱丄妋偐偵愝掕偝傟偰偄傑偡丅

<嵟廔僼儔僌> 偼丄 getty 偑 login 傪屇傃弌偡慜偵愝掕偡傞丄僔儕傾儖儔僀儞
偺僷儔儊乕僞偱偡丅捠忢偼丄 9600bps 偺儔僀儞偱丄抂枛偺庢傝埖偄偼 SANE 丄
僨乕僞偼 8 價僢僩丄僷儕僥傿柍偟丄偍傛傃儘僌僀儞僙僢僔儑儞廔椆屻儌僨儉偼
僴儞僌傾僢僾丄偲偄偆愝掕偵偡傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅

僔儕傾儖儔僀儞偵懳偡傞揱摑揑側 <儘僌僀儞僾儘儞僾僩> 偼丄傑偢儅僔儞柤丄
懕偄偰僔儕傾儖億乕僩丄偝傜偵 login: 偲偄偆暥帤楍丄嵟屻偵嬻敀傪堦偮偱偡
丅儅僔儞柤偲僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪憓擖偡傞儅僋儘偼條乆偱偡偐傜丄帺暘偑巊偭偰
偄傞 getty 偺僪僉儏儊儞僩傪尒偰壓偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

6.3. agetty

agetty 偼 乬傑偨暿偺 getty乭 偱偡丅偡傋偰偺僷儔儊乕僞偼僐儅儞僪儔僀儞偐
傜庢摼偟丄 /etc/gettydefs 傗丄偦偺懠偺愝掕僼傽僀儖偼偄偭偝偄巊偄傑偣傫
丅 agetty 偵娭偡傞暥彂偼丄儅僯儏傾儖儁乕僕偺 agetty(8) 偵偁傝傑偡丅

Figure 6-5 偵偼丄僔儕傾儖儔僀儞偱巊偆偨傔偵 agetty 傪婲摦偡傞曽朄傪帵偟
偰偄傑偡丅

Figure 6-5. agetty 梡偺 /etc/inittab 僄儞僩儕

co:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -h -t 60 ttyS0 9600 vt102                 

ttyS0 偼 /dev/ttyS0 偲偄偆僔儕傾儖僨僶僀僗傪巜偟偰偄傑偡丅

9600 偼丄僔儕傾儖儕儞僋傪棳傟傞 1 昩偁偨傝偺價僢僩悢偱偡丅 agetty 偱偼
暋悢庬椶偺抣傪僒億乕僩偟傑偡丅偦偺拞偐傜慖傇偵偼丄儌僨儉偺 CONNECT 儊僢
僙乕僕傗丄偁傞偄偼 RS-232 偺僽儗乕僋怣崋傪巊偄傑偡丅僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖
偵偼僨乕僞儗乕僩偑 1 庬椶偟偐側偄偺偱丄巊偆抣偼堦偮偩偗偵偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

vt102 偺晹暘偼丄 TERM 娐嫬曄悢傪愝掕偟丄 VT100 抂枛偑愙懕拞偱偁傞偙偲傪
帵偟傑偡丅

-h 偼 CTS/RTS 偺僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪峴側偆傛偆偵偟傑偡丅

-t 60 偵傛偭偰丄儌僨儉偼 60 昩屻偵僴儞僌傾僢僾偟傑偡偐傜丄儘僌僀儞偱偒
傞偺偼偙偺 60 昩娫偱偡丅偙偺婡擻偼偪傖傫偲僥僗僩偟偰丄儕儞僋偑傾僀僪儖
忬懺偺帪偵丄 init 偑 60 昩偛偲偵 agetty 傪嵞婲摦偟偰偄側偄偙偲傪妋擣偟
偨曽偑偄偄偱偡丅 agetty 偺僾儘僙僗 ID 偑昿斏偵曄傢偭偰偄側偄偐偳偆偐挷
傋偰壓偝偄丅

agetty 偼 /etc/issue 撪偺僄僗働乕僾僔乕働儞僗傪巊偭偰丄忣曬傪憓擖偟傑偡
丅椺偊偽丄 \n.\o \l 偼 remote.example.edu.au ttyS0 偲偄偆傛偆偵昞帵偝傟
傑偡丅 [14]

儘僌傾僂僩偟偰傕丄 agetty 偑 "Date Terminal Ready" 怣崋傪棊偲偟丄儌僨儉
傪僴儞僌傾僢僾偝偣傞傛偆偵偼尒偊傑偣傫丅儘僌僀儞僙僢僔儑儞偺廔傝偵丄帺
摦揑偵愙懕傪愗傞偺偑廳梫側偙偲側傜丄 agetty 偺戙傢傝偵 mgetty 偺巊梡傪
峫偊偰傒偰偼偳偆偱偟傚偆偐丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

6.4. mgetty

mgetty 偼儌僨儉傪僒億乕僩偡傞 getty 偱偡丅僿僀僘偺 AT 僐儅儞僪僙僢僩傪
旛偊偨儌僨儉傪僒億乕僩偟偰偍傝丄拝怣偺懠偵丄僼傽僢僋僗憲怣傗敪屇偵巊梡
偝傟傞儌僨儉偺僒億乕僩梡偲偟偰丄摿暿偵愝寁偝傟偰偄傑偡丅偟偐偟丄偙偆偄
偭偨婡擻偼僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偱偼晄梫偱偡丅

mgetty 偵偼廬棃偺 /etc/gettydefs 僼傽僀儖偼晄梫偱偡丅寢壥偲偟偰丄
mgetty 偼 /etc/gettydefs 偵僄儞僩儕傪彂偐側偔偰傕丄 /etc/inittab 偐傜婲
摦偟傑偡丅

Figure 6-6. mgetty 梡 /etc/inittab 僄儞僩儕

co:2345:respawn:/sbin/mgetty ttyS0                                     

mgetty 偺愝掕偵偼丄 /etc/mgetty+sendfax/mgetty.config 偲偄偆僼傽僀儖傪
巊偄傑偡丅偙偺僼傽僀儖偵偼丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偑巊梡偡傞億乕僩梡偺僄儞
僩儕偑偁傞偼偢偱偡丅

Figure 6-7. mgetty 偺愝掕僼傽僀儖丄 mgetty.config

port ttyS0                                                             
 speed 9600                                                            
 direct yes                                                            
 data-only yes                                                         
 toggle-dtr yes                                                        
 need-dsr yes                                                          
 port-owner root                                                       
 port-group root                                                       
 port-mode 600                                                         
 login-prompt @ \P login:\040                                          
 login-time 60                                                         
 term vt102                                                            

偙傟傜偺僆僾僔儑儞偼偡傋偰 /usr/share/doc/mgetty乧/mgetty.ps 偲偄偆丄億
僗僩僗僋儕僾僩僼傽僀儖宍幃偺暥彂偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅

direct 偲 data-only丄need-dsr 偍傛傃 toggle-dtr 偼 yes 偵愝掕偟傑偡丅偙
傟偱 RS-232 偺惂屼儔僀儞偼僟儉儌僨儉梡偲偟偰惓偟偔巊傢傟傑偡丅

port-owner 偲 port-group 偦傟偵 port-mode 偼丄 root 儐乕僓乕偩偗偑僔儕
傾儖僨僶僀僗偵傾僋僙僗偱偒傞傛偆偵偟傑偡丅儌僨儉偺傾僾儕働乕僔儑儞偵偼
丄晛捠 uucp 僌儖乕僾傪梡偄傑偡丅偱偡偐傜偙偆偟偰偍偗偽丄儌僨儉偺傾僾儕
働乕僔儑儞偑丄岆偭偰僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偵傾僋僙僗偟偰偟傑偆傛偆側偙偲偼
晄壜擻偵側傝傑偡丅

login-prompt 偼尰嵼巊梡拞偺儅僔儞 (@) 偲僔儕傾儖億乕僩(\P) 傪昞偟偰偄傑
偡丅 \040 偲偄偆僥僉僗僩偼丄偨傫偵 login: 偺屻傠偵嬻敀傪昞帵偡傞 8 恑悢
偺僐乕僪偱偡丅

term vt102 偵偼丄愙懕尦偱巊偄偦偆側抂枛偺庬椶偲宆傪巜掕偟傑偡丅偙偺撪梕
偱 TERM 娐嫬曄悢偺抣偑寛傑傝傑偡丅暿偺庬椶偺抂枛偐傜揹榖偡傞偮傕傝側傜
丄偙偺娐嫬曄悢偼曄偊偰傕偐傑偄傑偣傫丅

巆傝偺愝掕僼傽僀儖丄 /etc/mgetty+sendfax/dialin.config 偲 /etc/
mgetty+sendfax/login.config 偼丄曄峏偡傞昁梫偼偁傝傑偣傫丅

偙偙偱採帵偟偰偄傞愝掕傪曄偊偨偄応崌丄拲堄偟偰梸偟偄偺偼丄 mgetty 偺
blocking 僷儔儊乕僞偲 toggle-dtr 僷儔儊乕僞傪堦弿偵巊偆偺偼擄偟偄偲偄偆
偙偲偱偡丅

栤戣偑偁傟偽丄 mgetty.config 偵 debug 8 傪捛壛偟偰丄僨僶僢僌婡擻傪摦偐
偟偰壓偝偄丅偙偆偡傟偽 mgetty 偺摦嶌偑 /var/log/mgetty.log.ttyS0 僼傽僀
儖偱柧傜偐偵側傝傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

6.5. mingetty

mingetty 偼丄儚乕僋僗僥乕僔儑儞偺儌僯僞乕丒僉乕儃乕僪偱壖憐抂枛偑巊偊傞
傛偆偵丄昁梫嵟彫尷偺婡擻偵峣偭偨 getty 偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄偙傟偵
偼僔儕傾儖儔僀儞偺僒億乕僩偼偁傝傑偣傫丅

mingetty 傪 /etc/inittab 偱丄僔儕傾儖儔僀儞梡偵巊偭偰偼偄偗傑偣傫丅偟偐
偟丄崱偁傞壖憐抂枛梡偺 mingetty 僄儞僩儕偼丄偦偺傑傑偱傕偐傑偄傑偣傫丅

壖憐抂枛偼丄堦戜偁偨傝栺 8KB 偺僇乕僱儖儊儌儕傪巊梡偟傑偡丅偟偐偟偙傟偱
傕懡夁偓傞傛偆側傜丄惗惉偡傞壖憐抂枛悢傪傕偭偲尭傜偡偺偼娙扨偱偡丅
Linux 偺 2.4 僇乕僱儖偱偼丄昁梫偵墳偠偰壖憐抂枛傪惗惉偟傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄
壖憐抂枛偱 mingetty 傪婲摦偟側偗傟偽丄壖憐抂枛偼惗惉偟傑偣傫丅儅僔儞偵
價僨僆僇乕僪偑柍偄応崌偼丄 /etc/inittab 偐傜 mingetty 偺僄儞僩儕傪偡傋
偰嶍彍偟偰壓偝偄丅

Figure 6-8. 壖憐抂枛偺悢傪尭傜偡丅/etc/inittab 偐傜 mingetty 僄儞僩儕傪
庢傝彍偔丅

1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1                                     
# 梋暘側壖憐抂枛偼巊傢側偄                                             
# 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty2                                   
# 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty3                                   
# 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty4                                   
# 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5                                   
# 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6                                   

init 偺嵞婲摦屻偼丄枹巊梡偺僨僶僀僗僼傽僀儖傪庢傝彍偄偰偟傑偆偺偑尗柧偩
傠偆偲巚偄傑偡丅

Figure 6-9. 壖憐抂枛傪尭傜偡丅枹巊梡偺壖憐抂枛傪夝曻偟丄偦偺僨僶僀僗僼
傽僀儖傪嶍彍偡傞丅

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劆bash# telinit q                                                     劆
劆bash# deallocvt /dev/tty[2-9] /dev/tty[0-9][0-9]                    劆
劆bash# rm /dev/tty[2-9] /dev/tty[0-9][0-9]                           劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

6.6. getty 柍偟

僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪丄僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕偺報嶞偵偟偐巊傢側偄偺側傜丄
僔儕傾儖億乕僩偱 getty 僾儘僙僗傪摦偐偝側偄偱偔偩偝偄丅

儘僢僋偲偄偆偺偼丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偆懠偺傾僾儕働乕僔儑儞偵丄偙偺僔儕
傾儖億乕僩傪巊傢偣側偄傛偆偵偡傞偨傔偺傕偺偱丄 getty 偼丄偙偺儘僢僋偺栺
懇偛偲偵廬偄傑偡丅偙偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偼懠偺僾儘僙僗偵偼巊傢偣偨偔側偄偺
偱偡偑丄偙偙偱偼 getty 偼摦偐偟偰偄傑偣傫丅偱偡偐傜儘僢僋僼傽僀儖偼庤嶌
嬈偱嶌惉偟偰壓偝偄丅

/var/lock/LCK..ttyS0 偲偄偆僼傽僀儖傪嶌偭偰丄偦偙偵 1 偲偄偆僥僉僗僩傪
擖傟偰壓偝偄丅偙傟偑彨棃僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偆壜擻惈偑偁傞傾僾儕働乕僔儑
儞偵丄僾儘僙僗 1 偑偙偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊梡拞偩偲偄偆偙偲傪嫵偊傞偙偲偵
側傝傑偡丅僾儘僙僗 1 偲偄偆偺偼忢偵 init 僾儘僙僗偱偡丅偦偟偰 init 偼偄
偮偱傕壱摥拞偱偡丅偱偡偐傜偙偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偼偄偮傕儘僢僋偝傟偰偄傞傢
偗偱偡丅

儘僢僋僼傽僀儖偼僔僗僥儉偑僽乕僩偡傞帪偵傛偔嶍彍偝傟傑偡偐傜丄偙偺僼傽
僀儖偼僽乕僩偡傞偨傃偵嶌惉偟傑偡丅儘僢僋僼傽僀儖傪嶌傞偺偵搒崌偑椙偄応
強偼 /etc/rc.serial 偱偡丅偙偺拞偵偼埲壓偺偙偲傪彂偄偰偔偩偝偄丅

Figure 6-10. getty 傪巊傢側偄応崌偵丄僐儞僜乕儖偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪儘僢僋
偡傞丄 /etc/rc.serial 偺撪梕

# 弌椡愱梡偺僐儞僜乕儖偑巊梡偡傞偺偱丄/dev/ttyS0 傪儘僢僋              
(umask 022 && \                                                        
 rm -f '/var/lock/LCK..ttyS0' && \                                     
 echo '1' > '/var/lock/LCK..ttyS0')                                    

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 7. 晅悘偡傞偦偺懠偺愝掕

僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪偪傖傫偲摦偐偡慜偵丄懠偵傕嬃偔傎偳懡偔偺愝掕僼傽僀
儖偵丄偙傑偛傑偲偟偨廋惓偑昁梫偱偡丅

懡偔偺崁栚傪偳偆愝掕偡傞偐偼丄僙僉儏儕僥傿偵懳偡傞梫媮忦審偵傛偭偰堘偭
偰偒傑偡丅摿偵墦妘抧偺僒僀僩偑偳偺掱搙怣棅偱偒偰丄偦傟偵懳墳偟偰丄偳偺
偔傜偄偺僙僉儏儕僥傿偑昁梫側偺偐偵埶懚偡傞偺偱偡丅偙偺 HOWTO 偱偼丄墦妘
抧偺僒僀僩偵偼崅偄僙僉儏儕僥傿偑昁梫偩偲壖掕偟偰丄偐側傝懡偔偺愝掕崁栚
傪椺帵偡傞偙偲偑偁傝傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

7.1. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜 root 偑儘僌僀儞偱偒傞傛偆偵偡傞丅

/etc/securetty 僼傽僀儖偼丄 root 儐乕僓乕偑儘僌僀儞偱偒傞僨僶僀僗傪娗棟
偡傞傕偺偱偡丅

晛捠偼 root 傪丄僐儞僜乕儖偐傜儘僌僀儞偱偒傞傛偆偵偟偰偍偒偨偄傕偺偱偡
丅偦偙偱 /etc/securetty 偵僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖僨僶僀僗偺儀乕僗柤傪捛壛偟
偰壓偝偄丅

Figure 7-1. root 偑僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜儘僌僀儞偱偒傞傛偆偵丄
securetty 傪曄峏偡傞丅

ttyS0                                                                  

偟偐偟偙傟偩偲丄傎偲傫偳扤偱傕儌僨儉偵揹榖傪偐偗偰愙懕偟丄 root 偺僷僗
儚乕僪傪悇應偟偰傒傞偙偲偑壜擻偱偡丅偱傕晛捠偼丄墦妘僒僀僩偐傜 root 偱
儘僌僀儞偱偒傞傛偆偵偼偟傑偣傫丅偦傟傛傝傕丄堦斒儐乕僓乕偱儘僌僀儞偟丄
偦傟偐傜 su 偐 sudo <http://www.courtesan.com/sudo/> 傪巊偭偰 root 偵側
傝傑偡丅偙傟偱偁傞庬偺捛愓擻椡偑旛傢傝傑偡丅

偁偄偵偔 root 儐乕僓乕偼丄朞榓偟偨僨傿僗僋傪廋暅偡傞偨傔偵偼丄僐儞僜乕
儖偐傜儘僌僀儞偱偒側偗傟偽側傝傑偣傫丅堦斒揑偵丄僨傿僗僋僒僽僔僗僥儉偺
梕検偺偆偪 5 僷乕僙儞僩偼丄 root 偑攔懠揑偵巊梡偡傞偺偵庢偭偰偍偒傑偡丅
[15] 偙傟偼丄root 儐乕僓乕偑儘僌僀儞偟偰丄僨傿僗僋傪杽傔偰偄傞僼傽僀儖
偺嶍彍傪巒傔傞偺偵廩暘側検偱偡丅

    securetty 偲 Red Hat 偺 kudzu: kudzu 偼僐儞僜乕儖偵巊偭偰偄傞僨僶僀
    僗傪丄帺摦揑偵 securetty 偵捛壛偟傑偡丅
   
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

7.2. init 儗儀儖傪僥僉僗僩儗儀儖偵曄偊傞

夋柺偑側偄僒乕僶乕偱 X 僂傿儞僪僂僔僗僥儉傪摦偐偟偰傕丄傎偲傫偳堄枴偑偁
傝傑偣傫丅 /etc/inittab 傪曇廤偟偰丄 initdefault 傪娷傫偱偄傞峴傪尒偮偗
偰壓偝偄丅埲壓偺傛偆側峴偱偡丅

id:5:initdefault:                                                      

偦偟偰僨僼僅儖僩偺儔儞儗儀儖傪丄 5 乮X 僂傿儞僪僂偑摦嶌偟偰偄傞儅儖僠儐
乕僓乕乯偐傜 3 乮儅儖僠儐乕僓乕乯偵曄峏偟偰壓偝偄丅

id:3:initdefault:                                                      

晅懏偺僉乕儃乕僪丒儌僯僞乕偱 X 僂傿儞僪僂僙僢僔儑儞偑昁梫側偙偲偑偁傟偽
丄 startx 僐儅儞僪傪巊偊偽偄偄偺偱偡丅

    儔儞儗儀儖偲 Red Hat 偺 kudzu: 僔儕傾儖僨僶僀僗傪僐儞僜乕儖偵巊偭偰
    偄傞応崌丄 kudzu 偼丄 inittab 偺 initdefault 僄儞僩儕傪帺摦揑偵峏怴
    偡傞偺偱丄儔儞儗儀儖 3 傪巊偆傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅
   
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

7.2.1. X 傪摦偐偟懕偗傞

僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偑晅偄偰偄偰丄晅懏偺儌僯僞乕偑柍偄僐儞僺儏乕僞偱傕丄
帪偵偼傗偼傝 X 僂傿儞僪僂僔僗僥儉傪摦偐偡昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅椺偊偽偦偺僐儞
僺儏乕僞偼丄悢懡偔偺 X 抂枛偺儂僗僩傪偟偰偄傞偐傕抦傟傑偣傫丅

偦偺傛偆側応崌偼丄僐儞僺儏乕僞傪儔儞儗儀儖 5 偺傑傑偵偟偰丄偳偺晅懏偺儌
僯僞乕偵懳偟偰傕 X 僒乕僶乕傪摦偐偝側偄偱壓偝偄丅偙偺偨傔偵偼 /etc/X11/
xdm/Xservers 傪曄峏偟傑偡丅僐儘儞偱巒傑傞峴偼偳傟傕嶍彍偟偰壓偝偄乮僐儘
儞偼丄儘乕僇儖婡偱摦偄偰偄傞 X 僒乕僶乕傪帵偟偰偄傑偡乯丅 Figure 7-2 偵
丄曄峏慜偺 Xservers 僼傽僀儖傪帵偟偰偁傝傑偡丅

Figure 7-2. Red Hat Linux 7.2 偺 Xservers

:0 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X                                              

僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偑 GNOME 偺 gdm 傪巊偭偰偄傞応崌偼丄偦偺愝掕僼
傽僀儖 /etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf 傪曄峏偟偰壓偝偄丅 [servers] 僙僋僔儑儞偐
傜丄儘乕僇儖偺 X 偵娭偡傞僄儞僩儕偼偄偢傟傕嶍彍偟傑偡丅 Figure 7-3偵偼
丄曄峏慜偺 [servers] 僙僋僔儑儞傪帵偟偰偁傝傑偡丅

Figure 7-3. Red Hat Linux 7.2 偺 gdm.conf 偵偁傞 [servers] 僙僋僔儑儞

[servers]                                                              
0=/usr/bin/X11/X                                                       

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

7.3. 曐懚偟偰偁傞僐儞僜乕儖偺愝掕傪嶍彍偡傞

/etc/ioctl.save 僼傽僀儖偵偼丄僔儞僌儖儐乕僓乕儌乕僪偱巊偆丄僔儕傾儖億
乕僩偲抂枛偺僷儔儊乕僞偑擖偭偰偄傑偡丅偙偺僷儔儊乕僞偼丄晛捠偼 getty 偑
愝掕偟傑偡丅偱偡偑丄僔儞僌儖儐乕僓乕儌乕僪拞偼 getty 偑摦偄偰偄傑偣傫丅
偱偡偐傜丄偙偺応崌偼 /etc/ioctl.save 偺撪梕傪巊偭偰丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩偲抂
枛偺僷儔儊乕僞傪愝掕偟傑偡丅

偙偙偱偼僐儞僜乕儖傪曄峏偡傞偮傕傝側偺偱丄曐懚偟偰偁傞愝掕偼傕偆惓偟偔
偁傝傑偣傫丅

Figure 7-4. 曐懚偟偰偁傞僐儞僜乕儖僷儔儊乕僞偑擖偭偰偄傞 ioctl.save 偺
嶍彍

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劆bash# rm -f /etc/ioctl.save                                         劆
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僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜儘僌僀儞偱偒傞傛偆偵側偭偨傜丄偙偺僼傽僀儖傪嵞嶌
惉偟傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

7.4. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偼 /dev/modem 偱偼側偄

懡偔偺 Linux 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偱偼丄 /dev/modem 僼傽僀儖偼丄巊梡偱
偒傞儌僨儉偑愙懕偝傟偰偄傞丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩傊偺僔儞儃儕僢僋儕儞僋偵側偭
偰偄傑偡丅

僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偼儌僨儉偑偮側偑偭偰偄傞僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵側偭偰偄傑偡
偑丄傓傠傫偦偙偐傜揹榖傪偐偗傞偺偵巊偍偆偲偼巚偭偰偄傑偣傫丅

/dev/modem 偑丄僐儞僜乕儖偵巊偭偰偄傞僔儕傾儖億乕僩乮偨傇傫 /dev/ttyS0
乯傪巜偟偰偄側偄偐偳偆偐挷傋偰壓偝偄丅傕偟巜偟偰偄偨傜丄偦偺僔儞儃儕僢
僋儕儞僋傪嶍彍偟偰壓偝偄丅

Figure 7-5. 傕偟 /dev/modem 偑僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺億乕僩傪巜偟偰偄傟偽
丄偦傟傪嶍彍偡傞丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆bash$ ls -l /dev/modem                                              劆
劆lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 01 00:00 /dev/modem -> /dev/ttyS0     劆
劆bash# rm /dev/modem                                                 劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
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7.5. /dev/systty 偺僞乕僎僢僩傪曄峏偡傞丅

懡偔偺 Linux 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偱偼丄 /dev/systty 僼傽僀儖偼丄晅懏
偺儌僯僞乕丒僉乕儃乕僪偱巊偭偰偄傞丄僨僶僀僗僼傽僀儖傊偺僔儞儃儕僢僋儕
儞僋偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅傛傝徻嵶側愢柧偵娭偟偰偼丄Section 1.3 傪尒偰壓偝偄
丅

晅懏偺僉乕儃乕僪丒儌僯僞乕偑側偐偭偨傝丄偁偭偰傕僥僉僗僩抂枛掱搙偺偙偲
偑偱偒傟偽偄偄偲巚偭偰偄傞応崌偼丄 /dev/systty 偑僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巜
偡傛偆偵曄峏偟偰壓偝偄丅

偙偺応崌丄捈愙僔儞儃儕僢僋儕儞僋傪曄峏偡傞傛傝偼丄傓偟傠 MAKEDEV 偑巊偭
偰偄傞愝掕僼傽僀儖傪廋惓偡傞曽偑偄偄偱偡丅偦偺偁偲偙偺僐儅儞僪傪幚峴偟
偰丄僔儞儃儕僢僋儕儞僋傪嵞嶌惉偟傑偡丅偙偺愝掕僼傽僀儖偼 /etc/makedev.d
偲偄偆僨傿儗僋僩儕偵偁傝傑偡丅 Figure 7-6 偵帵偡傛偆偵丄僨僼僅儖僩偺愝
掕偱偼嵟弶偺壖憐抂枛傪巜偟偰偄傑偡丅

Figure 7-6. /etc/makedev.d/linux-2.4.x 偵偁傞丄 /dev/systty 偺僨僼僅儖
僩抣

l systty tty0                                                          

Figure 7-7 偱帵偡傛偆偵丄偙傟傪僐儞僜乕儖偑巊偭偰偄傞僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巜
偡傛偆偵廋惓偟偰壓偝偄丅

Figure 7-7. MAKEDEV 偺愝掕僼傽僀儖偵偁傞 /dev/systty 偺抣傪曄峏偡傞

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劆bash# cd /etc/makedev.d                                             劆
劆bash# fgrep systty *                                                劆
劆linux-2.4.x:l systty tty0                                           劆
劆bash# vi linux-2.4.x                                                劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

l systty ttyS0                                                         

偱偼丄Figure 7-8 偵帵偡傛偆偵丄怴偟偄愝掕傪巊偭偰 /dev/systty 傪嵞嶌惉
偟傑偡丅

Figure 7-8. /dev/systty 偺怴偟偄抣傪僀儞僗僩乕儖偡傞

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆bash# cd /dev                                                       劆
劆bash# rm systty                                                     劆
劆bash# ./MAKEDEV systty                                              劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

7.6. PAM(Pluggable Authentication Modules) 偺愝掕

Pluggable Authentication Module 僔僗僥儉偼丄僐儞僜乕儖偐傜儘僌僀儞偟偨
儐乕僓乕偵摿尃傪晅梌偡傞偺偵巊偊傑偡丅僨傿僗僋傪儅僂儞僩偡傞偵偼丄晛捠
偼僗乕僷乕儐乕僓乕偵側傞昁梫偑偁傞偱偟傚偆偑丄偙傟偼僐儞僜乕儖儐乕僓乕
偑丄僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋偺傛偆側僨僶僀僗傪儅僂儞僩偱偒傞傛偆偵偡傞偺偵巊
偄傑偡丅

PAM 偺愝掕僼傽僀儖 /etc/security/console.perms 偵偼 <console> 曄悢偑偁
傝傑偡丅 Red Hat Linux 7.1 偩偲丄 <console> 偼惓婯昞尰偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅

Figure 7-9. console.perms 偺僨僼僅儖僩 <console> 偼晅懏偺僉乕儃乕僩丒儌
僯僞乕傪巜偟偰偄傞丅

<console>=tty[0-9][0-9]* vc/[0-9][0-9]* :[0-9]\.[0-9] :[0-9]           

偙偺僼傽僀儖偺嵟屻偺曽偱丄 <console> 儐乕僓乕偵偄偔偮偐偺僨僶僀僗傪巊偆
嫋壜傪梌偊偰偄傑偡丅偙傟偵偼丄儘僌僀儞偲儘僌傾僂僩偺嵺丄僨僶僀僗偺僷乕
儈僢僔儑儞傪曄峏偡傞偲偄偆曽朄傪梡偄傑偡丅

Figure 7-10. console.perms 偺僨僼僅儖僩僨僶僀僗堦棗

<console>  0660 <floppy>     0660 root.floppy                          
<console>  0600 <sound>      0600 root                                 
<console>  0600 <cdrom>      0660 root.disk                            
<console>  0600 <pilot>      0660 root.uucp                            
<console>  0600 <jaz>        0660 root.disk                            
<console>  0600 <zip>        0660 root.disk                            
<console>  0600 <ls120>      0660 root.disk                            
<console>  0600 <scanner>    0600 root                                 
<console>  0600 <camera>     0600 root                                 
<console>  0600 <memstick>   0600 root                                 
<console>  0600 <flash>      0600 root                                 
<console>  0600 <fb>         0600 root                                 
<console>  0600 <kbd>        0600 root                                 
<console>  0600 <joystick>   0600 root                                 
<console>  0600 <v4l>        0600 root                                 
<console>  0700 <gpm>        0700 root                                 
<console>  0600 <mainboard>  0600 root                                 
<console>  0600 <rio500>     0600 root                                 

忋婰偱儕僗僩偝傟偰偄傞僨僶僀僗偵偼 2 庬椶偺僞僀僾偑偁傝傑偡丅晅懏偺儌僯
僞乕丒僉乕儃乕僪偐傜愙懕偟偰偄傞儐乕僓乕偵昁梫側僨僶僀僗偲丄娙扨偵傾僋
僙僗偱偒傞傛偆偵偡傞僨僶僀僗偱偡丅 Section 1.3 偱怗傟偨榑棟僐儞僜乕儖偲
暔棟僐儞僜乕儖偺娫偺嬫暿偼丄偙偺愝掕僼傽僀儖偱偼偮偗傜傟傑偣傫丅偦偙偱
丄偦偺嬫暿偑偮偔傛偆偵愝掕僼傽僀儖傪廋惓偟傑偡丅

Figure 7-11. 晅懏偺僉乕儃乕僪丒儌僯僞乕偵昁梫側 console.perms 偺僨僶僀
僗

<console>  0600 <fb>         0600 root                                 
<console>  0600 <kbd>        0600 root                                 
<console>  0600 <joystick>   0600 root                                 
<console>  0600 <v4l>        0600 root                                 
<console>  0700 <gpm>        0700 root                                 

巆傝偺僨僶僀僗偼丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜愙懕偟偰偄傞儐乕僓乕偩偗偑惂屼
偱偒傞傛偆丄曄峏偟偰偔偩偝偄丅椺偊偽丄応強庁傝偟偰偄傞僒僀僩偵偄傞尃尷
偺側偄儐乕僓乕偵偼丄僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋偺儅僂儞僩偼偝偣偨偔偁傝傑偣傫丅
偦偙偱僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡偵怴偟偄僐儞僜乕儖僞僀僾傪掕媊偟傑偡丅椺偊偽
<sconsole> 偱偡丅

Figure 7-12. console.perms 偵 <sconsole> 傪捛壛偟偰丄偦傟偑僔儕傾儖僐儞
僜乕儖傪巜偡傛偆偵偡傞丅

<sconsole>=ttyS0                                                       

偝偁丄巆傝偺僄儞僩儕傪 <console> 偐傜 <sconsole> 傊廋惓偟傑偟傚偆丅

Figure 7-13. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巜偡傛偆曄峏偝傟偨 console.perms 偺巆
傝偺僨僶僀僗

<sconsole>  0660 <floppy>     0660 root.floppy                         
<sconsole>  0600 <sound>      0600 root                                
<sconsole>  0600 <cdrom>      0660 root.disk                           
<sconsole>  0600 <pilot>      0660 root.uucp                           
<sconsole>  0600 <jaz>        0660 root.disk                           
<sconsole>  0600 <zip>        0660 root.disk                           
<sconsole>  0600 <ls120>      0660 root.disk                           
<sconsole>  0600 <scanner>    0600 root                                
<sconsole>  0600 <camera>     0600 root                                
<sconsole>  0600 <memstick>   0600 root                                
<sconsole>  0600 <flash>      0600 root                                
<sconsole>  0600 <mainboard>  0600 root                                
<sconsole>  0600 <rio500>     0600 root                                

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

7.7. Red Hat Linux 傪愝掕偡傞

Red Hat Linux 偼丄僔僗僥儉偺僗僞乕僩傾僢僾偵娭楢偡傞僷儔儊乕僞傪丄 /etc
/sysconfig/init 僼傽僀儖偵奿擺偟偰偄傑偡丅

OK 傗 PASSED丄 FAILED 偲偄偆儊僢僙乕僕弌椡偵丄抂枛偵埶懚偟側偄僐儅儞僪
傪巊偆傛偆丄 BOOTUP 僷儔儊乕僞傪曄峏偟偰壓偝偄丅偙偆偡傞偲丄偙傟傜偺儊
僢僙乕僕偼丄傕偆椢偱傕墿怓偱傕丄愒偱傕昞帵偝傟傑偣傫丅 /etc/sysconfig/
init 偺拞偺僐儊儞僩偵傛傟偽丄 color 埲奜偺偳偺抣偱傕偆傑偔偄偔傛偆偵尒
偊傑偡偑丄幚嵺偵偼 BOOTUP 偼 serial 偵愝掕偟側偗傟偽側傜側偄傛偆偱偡丅

懳榖揑側僗僞乕僩傾僢僾傪嬛巭偡傞偨傔丄 PROMPT 僷儔儊乕僞傪曄峏偟傑偡丅
晄惓側僉乕僗僩儘乕僋偱僔僗僥儉僒乕價僗偑掆巭偱偒偰偟傑偆偲丄儔僀儞僲僀
僘偵懳偟偰惼庛偵側偭偰偟傑偆偟丄僔僗僥儉偺僽乕僩拞偵揹榖偟偰愙懕偡傞恖
偼扤偱傕丄僒乕價僗傪掆巭偱偒傞傛偆偵側偭偰偟傑偄傑偡丅

Figure 7-14. Red Hat Linux 梡偺 /etc/sysconfig/init 偺曄峏

BOOTUP=serial                                                          
PROMPT=no                                                              

Red Hat Linux 偱偼丄 kudzu 偲偄偆柤慜偺僴乕僪僂僃傾専弌僾儘僌儔儉偑摦偒
傑偡丅 Kudzu 偼丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪幆暿偟傛偆偲偡傞偲丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪儕
僙僢僩偟偰偟傑偄傑偡丅偙傟偱偼僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偑巭傑偭偰偟傑偄傑偡丅
Kudzu 偺愝掕偼丄 /etc/sysconfig/kudzu 僼傽僀儖偱偟偰偄傑偡丅

愝掕僷儔儊乕僞偺 SAFE 傪 yes 偵偡傟偽丄 Kudzu 偑僴乕僪僂僃傾傪儕僙僢僩
偟側偄傛偆偵偱偒傑偡丅

Figure 7-15. Red Hat Linux 梡偺 /etc/sysconfig/kudzu 偺曄峏

SAFE=yes                                                               

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 8. 儕僽乕僩偲僥僗僩

8.1. 僐儞僜乕儖憖嶌偺専徹

偱偒傟偽僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵 RS-232 偺僽儗乕僋傾僂僩儃僢僋僗 [16] 傪憓偟偰
壓偝偄丅僽乕僩拞偵DTR儔僀儞偑忋偑傝丄偦傟偐傜僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕偺昞帵
偵崌傢偣偰丄僨乕僞揮憲儔僀僩偑岝傞偼偢偱偡丅

偦傟偐傜儌僨儉傪庢傝晅偗偰壓偝偄丅偁傞偄偼僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖偲抂枛偱傕
偐傑偄傑偣傫丅偦偟偰僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖億乕僩偱巊梡偡傞僔儕傾儖僷儔儊乕
僞偵崌傢偣偰丄偦傟傜傪愝掕偟偰壓偝偄丅儌僨儉傪巊偆応崌偼丄抂枛僄儈儏儗
乕僞偐傜偦偺儌僨儉偵揹榖偟偰愙懕偟傑偟傚偆丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆+++                                                                 劆
劆AT Z                                                                劆
劆AT DT 1234-5678                                                     劆
劆CONNECT 9600                                                        劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偦偟偰抂枛丄偁傞偄偼抂枛僄儈儏儗乕僞偺愝掕傪丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偱巊偭
偰偄傞僔儕傾儖僷儔儊乕僞偵崌傢偣偰壓偝偄丅嵟嬤偺僿僀僘 AT 僗僞僀儖偺儌
僨儉側傜丄懍搙傪崌傢偣傞昁梫偼偁傝傑偣傫丅捈寢偺抂枛傪巊偭偰偄傞応崌偼
丄懍搙偼崌傢偣傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅

僐儞僺儏乕僞傪儕僽乕僩偟偰偔偩偝偄丅 [17]

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆bash# shutdown -h now                                               劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

儕僽乕僩拞丄抂枛偵偼晛捠偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺僥僉僗僩偑尒偊偰丄偦傟偐傜僨
僼僅儖僩偺僇乕僱儖偑僽乕僩偟丄偦偺屻 init 偺弌椡偑尒偊偰丄嵟屻偵 /etc/
issue 偺撪梕偑尰傟偰丄 getty 偑儘僌僀儞傪媮傔偰偔傞偼偢偱偡丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆LILO:                                                                                                                     劆
劆                                                                                                                          劆
劆Linux version 乧                                                                                                          劆
劆Kernel command line: auto BOOT_IMAGE=linux ro root=306 BOOT_FILE=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.3-12 console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8 劆
劆乧                                                                                                                        劆
劆INIT version 乧                                                                                                           劆
劆乧                                                                                                                        劆
劆/etc/issue says "All your base are belong to us".                                                                         劆
劆remote.example.edu.au ttyS0 login:                                                                                        劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

login: 儊僢僙乕僕偑尒偊側偄応崌偼丄 Return 僉乕偐 Enter 僉乕傪墴偟偰壓
偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

8.2. 曐懚偟偨僐儞僜乕儖偺愝掕傪嵞嶌惉偡傞

僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜 root 偱儘僌僀儞偟丄僐儞僜乕儖傪僔儞僌儖儐乕僓乕
儌乕僪偵棊偟偰壓偝偄丅偙偺娫偵儌僨儉偼僴儞僌傾僢僾偡傞偙偲偑偁傝傑偡偐
傜丄嵞愙懕偑昁梫偐傕抦傟傑偣傫丅

/etc/ioctl.save 偵曐懚偟偰偍偄偨抂枛愝掕偑柍偄応崌丄 init 偼丄抂枛偑捈
寢偝傟偰偄傞偙偲丄偦偟偰偦偺抂枛偑丄懍搙偼 9600 bps丄僨乕僞偼 8 價僢僩
丄僷儕僥傿柍偟丄僗僩僢僾價僢僩偑 1 價僢僩丄偦偟偰柍庤弴偱摦嶌偡傞偲憐掕
偟傑偡丅偱偡偐傜偍巊偄偺抂枛傪偙偺撪梕偱愝掕偟偰壓偝偄丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆remote.example.edu.au ttyS0 login: root                             劆
劆Password: 乧                                                        劆
劆sh# rm -f /etc/ioctl.save                                           劆
劆bash# telinit 1                                                     劆
劆乧Telling INIT to go to single user mode.                           劆
劆INIT: Going single user                                             劆
劆INIT: Sending processes the TERM signal                             劆
劆sh# stty sane -parenb cs8 crtscts brkint -istrip -ixoff -ixon       劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

stty 傪巊偭偰 Linux 偺抂枛愝掕傪曄峏偟偰偄傞偺偱丄愙懕偟偰偁傞抂枛偺愝
掕傕朰傟偢偵曄峏偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

僔儞僌儖儐乕僓乕儌乕僪傪敳偗偰丄僨僼僅儖僩偺儔儞儗儀儖偵栠傞偲丄僔儕傾
儖僐儞僜乕儖偺愝掕傪 /etc/ioctl.save 偵曐懚偟傑偡丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆sh# exit                                                            劆
劆乧                                                                  劆
劆bash# ls -l /etc/ioctl.save                                         劆
劆-rw------- 1 root root 60 Jan 1 00:00 /etc/ioctl.save               劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

側傫傜偐偺棟桼偱丄儅僔儞偑僔儞僌儖儐乕僓乕儌乕僪偱僽乕僩偡傞帪偼丄 /etc
/ioctl.save 偵曐懚偟偨抂枛愝掕偑巊傢傟傑偡丅

愙懕偟偰偁傞抂枛傗儌僨儉偺懍搙傪 9600 bps 偵曄峏偱偒側偄応崌偼丄忋婰偺
曽朄偵廬偆偙偲偑偱偒傑偣傫丅 ioctlsave <http://www.aarnet.edu.au/
network/software/ioctlsave/> 偲偄偆儐乕僥傿儕僥傿偑嶌傜傟偨偺偼丄偙偆偄
偆摿庩側応崌偵旛偊偰偺偙偲側偺偱偡丅偙偺僾儘僌儔儉偼丄偦偺帪揰偺抂枛愝
掕傪 ioctl.save 偲摨偠宍幃偱僼傽僀儖偵曐懚偟傑偡丅偙偺庤弴偼丄 Figure
8-1 偵帵偟偰偁傝傑偡丅

Figure 8-1. 僔儞僌儖儐乕僓乕儌乕僪偵擖傜偢偵丄ioctlsave 傪巊偭偰 /etc/
ioctl.save 傪惗惉偡傞

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆remote.example.edu.au ttyS0 login: root                             劆
劆Password: 乧                                                        劆
劆bash# rm -f /etc/ioctl.save                                         劆
劆bash# ioctlsave -t /dev/ttyS0 /etc/ioctl.save                       劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

8.3. 僐儞僜乕儖傪僥僗僩偡傞

暿偺儅僔儞偐傜丄偨偲偊偽 Minicom 傪巊偭偰揹榖偟偰丄愙懕偟偰壓偝偄丅

Example 8-1. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偵揹榖偟偰愙懕偡傞

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆localhost bash$ minicom                                             劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆Initializing modem                                                  劆
劆Welcome to minicom 1.83.1                                           劆
劆Press ALT-Z for help on special keys                                劆
劆AT S7=45 S0=0 L1 V1 X4 &C1 E1 Q0                                    劆
劆OK                                                                  劆
劆Alt-D remote.example.edu.au-ttyS0                                   劆
劆Dialing: remote.example.edu.au-ttyS0 At: 1234-5678                  劆
劆Connected. Press any key to continue                                劆
劆Any                                                                 劆
劆CONNECT 115200/V34/LAPM/V42BIS/33600:TX/33600:RX                    劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆Enter                                                                           劆
劆/etc/issue says "All your base are belong to us".                               劆
劆remote.example.edu.au ttyS0 login: user                                         劆
劆Password: ********                                                              劆
劆Message of the day is "be careful out there".                                   劆
劆remote bash$ stty -a                                                            劆
劆speed 9600 baud; rows 0; columns 0; line = 0;                                   劆
劆intr = ^C; quit = ^\; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = <undef>;           劆
劆eol2 = <undef>; start = ^Q; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W;      劆
劆lnext = ^V; flush = ^O; min = 1; time = 0;                                      劆
劆-parenb -parodd cs8 hupcl -cstopb cread -clocal crtscts                         劆
劆-ignbrk brkint ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr icrnl -ixon -ixoff   劆
劆-iuclc -ixany -imaxbel                                                          劆
劆opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr -onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab3 bs0 vt0 ff0 劆
劆isig icanon -iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -xcase -tostop -echoprt    劆
劆-echoctl -echoke                                                                劆
劆乧                                                                              劆
劆remote bash$ logout                                                             劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆NO CARRIER                                                          劆
劆Alt-X                                                               劆
劆Leave Minicom? Yes                                                  劆
劆Resetting modem                                                     劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆localhost bash$                                                     劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偍傕偟傠偄偙偲偵丄抂枛偺愝掕傪昞帵偡傞偺偵巊偆 stty -a 僐儅儞僪偼丄儌僨
儉偐傜僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傊偺儕儞僋偑 9600 bps 偩偲揱偊偰偄傑偡丅堦曽丄
CONNECT 儊僢僙乕僕偼丄擇偮偺儌僨儉娫偑 33600bps 偱摦嶌偟偰偄傞偲揱偊偰
偄傑偡丅儌僨儉-僐儞僺儏乕僞娫偺儕儞僋懍搙偑堦掕偩偲偄偆偺偼丄僿僀僘偺
AT 屳姺儌僨儉偺旕忢偵桳塿側摿挜偱偡丅偙偺偍偐偘偱丄敪屇懁偺僐儞僺儏乕僞
偼丄拝怣懁偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺儔僀儞懍搙傪丄慜傕偭偰抦傜側偔偰傕嵪傓
偺偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

8.4. 偙偙偐傜師偼偳偙傊丠

偙傟偱僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺愝掕偼偱偒傑偟偨丅師偼 Chapter 9 偵嵹偭偰偄傞
僙僉儏儕僥傿偺巜恓傪挷傋偰丄嶌嬈傪姰惉偝偣傑偟傚偆丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 9. 僙僉儏儕僥傿

儌僨儉傪捠偟偰僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊梡偡傞偲丄扤偱傕偦偺寗傪撍偄偰僐儞
僜乕儖億乕僩偵愙懕偱偒傞傛偆偵側偭偰偟傑偄傑偡丅偟偐偟丄儌僨儉偐傜僼傽
僀傾僂僅乕儖傗怤擖専抦梡偺僗僯僼傽乕傪夘偟偰丄愙懕偟偰偄傞傢偗偱偼偁傝
傑偣傫偐傜丄柍嫋壜偺恖偨偪偑僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪岆梡偟側偄傛偆偵偡傞偺
偼戝愗側偙偲偱偡丅

乪war dialling乫 偲偄偆 BBS 帪戙偺媄弍偺暅妶偵偮偄偰偼丄 @Stake 偺 
Wardialling Brief <http://www.atstake.com/research/reports/acrobat/
wardialling_brief.pdf> 偱愢柧偝傟偰偍傝丄 The Register 偑曬崘偟傑偟偨丅
Figure 9-1 偺敳悎傪尒偰壓偝偄丅 [18]

Figure 9-1. Crackers favour war dialling and weak passwords 乮僋儔僢僇
乕偼揹榖偲庛偄僷僗儚乕僪偑偍婥偵擖傝乯偐傜偺敳悎

    枹曬崘偺僙僉儏儕僥傿惼庛惈傊偺峌寕傗丄偨傑偵偼暋嶨夦婏側僙僉儏儕僥
    傿儂乕儖偺榖戣偵柌拞偵側偭偰偄傞偲丄愄側偑傜偺晲崪側媄弍偑丄僋儔僢
    僇乕偺妶摦偺戝崟拰偲偟偰偺栶妱傪扴偭偰偄傞偙偲傪朰傟偑偪偵側傞丅 
    [19]
   
    嶐擔[2002擭04寧25擔] InfoSecurity Europe 偺僴僢僉儞僌摙榑夛偺嵟拞偵
    丄僽儔僢僋僴僢僩僴僢僇乕偺 KP 偑丄帺暘偑僱僢僩儚乕僋偵怤擖偟偨嵺丄
    偦偺帪娫偺 90 僷乕僙儞僩偼柍杊旛側儌僨儉傪捠偭偰怤擖偟偨偟丄偦偺懡
    偔偼 war dialing 偟偰敪尒偟偨傕偺偩偲岅偭偨丅 [20]
   
    "War dialling" 偱偼丄夛幮偺揹榖僔僗僥儉偺撪慄傪弴斣偵帋偟側偑傜丄夛
    幮偑巊偭偰偄傞儌僨儉偵娭學偡傞揹榖斣崋傪丄崪惿偟傒偣偢宯摑揑偵撍偒
    巭傔傞昁梫偑偁傞丅
   
    乬杔偵偲偭偰偼丄怤擖専抦僔僗僥儉側傫偐幚嵺嫲傟傞偵懌傜偢偝丅偩偭偰
    棤岥偐傜擖傞傫偩偐傜丅偨偄偰偄偺僱僢僩儚乕僋偼儀僀僋僪傾儔僗僇 [21]
    傒偨偄偵嶌偭偰偁傞傫偩丅奜懁偼僇儕僇儕偟偰傞偗偳丄拞偼廮傜偐偄傫偩
    傛乭 偲偼丄愭偺 KP 偺択丅
   
    KP 偼僱僢僩儚乕僋偵怤擖偡傞偺偵丄庛偄僷僗儚乕僪傗僨僼僅儖僩偺傑傑偺
    僷僗儚乕僪傪傛偔棙梡偡傞丅
   
Crackers favour war dialling and weak passwords
John Leyden, The Register <http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/55/
25044.html>, 2002-04-26.

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

9.1. 椙偄僷僗儚乕僪傪巊偆

BIOS 傗僽乕僩儘乕僟乕丄偁傞偄偼 root 偺僷僗儚乕僪傪悇應偱偒傞恖側傜丄扤
偱傕偦偺儅僔儞傪姰慡偵惂屼偱偒偰偟傑偄傑偡丅偱偡偐傜偙偆偄偭偨僷僗儚乕
僪偼丄暿乆偱丄屳偄偵壗偺娭學傕側偄丄椙偄僷僗儚乕僪偵偟偰偔偩偝偄丅崱偺
偲偙傠丄堦斣椙偄偺偼丄儔儞僟儉側暥帤楍偲悢帤楍傪慖傇偙偲偱偡丅専嶕僄儞
僕儞偱僸僢僩偡傞偩傠偆偲巚偆傛偆側僷僗儚乕僪偼丄愨懳巊傢側偄偱偔偩偝偄
丅 [22]

儐乕僓乕偺僷僗儚乕僪偑悇應偝傟偰偟傑偆丄偦傟偼偨偟偐偵堦戝帠偱偡丅偱偡
偑僴僢僇乕偼丄偨偩懸偭偰偄傞偩偗偱 root 偺傾僋僙僗尃尷傪擖庤偱偒傑偡丅
偮傑傝丄僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偺寚娮偵婲場偡傞丄儅僔儞偺惼庛惈偑岞昞
偝傟傞偺傪懸偪丄偦偺儅僔儞偵僷僢僠偑偁偨傞慜偵偦偺惼庛惈傪撍偔偺偱偡丅

儅僔儞忋偺儐乕僓乕悢傪尩偟偔惂尷偟偰壓偝偄丅偦偟偰丄 cracklib <http://
www.users.dircon.co.uk/~crypto/> 傪尦偵偟偨 PAM <http://www.kernel.org/
pub/linux/libs/Linux-PAM-html/pam.html> 儌僕儏乕儖偺傛偆側丄僼傽僔僗僩
僷僗儚乕僪僠僃僢僇乕傪巊偭偰丄妋幚偵椙幙偺僷僗儚乕僪偩偗傪慖傇傛偆偵偟
偰偔偩偝偄丅

BIOS 偺僷僗儚乕僪傗僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺僷僗儚乕僪丄偦傟偵 root 偺僷僗儚乕僪
偼丄壗偐偵彂偒棷傔偰偍偄偰偔偩偝偄丅偙偆偡傟偽丄偙傟傜偺僷僗儚乕僪偼妎
偊側偔偰傕嵪傒傑偡偐傜丄姰慡偵儔儞僟儉偱屳偄偵柍娭學側丄嵟椙偺傕偺傪僷
僗儚乕僪偵偟側偄棟桼偼偁傝傑偣傫丅偦偺彂偒棷傔偨傕偺偼愜傝忯傫偱晻摏偵
擖傟偰丄偦偟偰晻傪偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

偙傟偱僐儞僺儏乕僞僙僉儏儕僥傿偺栤戣偼丄暔棟揑側柺偵堏傝傑偟偨丅偙傟傜
偺栤戣偺夝寛曽朄偼暘偐偭偰偄傑偡丅忶慜偲尞丄寈曬婍丄嬥屔丄寈旛堳丄偦傟
偵掕婜嵏嶡偱偡丅帺暘偺僒僀僩偵寈旛堳傪攝抲偟偰偄傞側傜丄偦偺晻摏傪庣塹
幒婥晅偵偟偰弌偟偰壓偝偄丅偦偺嵺丄偙偺晻摏傪儅僗僞乕僉乕偲摨偠庤弴偱埖
偆傛偆巜帵偟偨丄庢埖偄愢柧彂傪偙偺晻摏偵晅偗偰偔偩偝偄丅偙傟偑偆傑偄傗
傝曽偱偡丅彫婯柾側僒僀僩側傜丄嬥屔傗庤偝偘嬥屔丄偁傞偄偼尞偺偐偐傞堷弌
偟傪巊偭偰傕偐傑偄傑偣傫丅巤忶偟偨堷弌偟傪柍棟栴棟偙偠奐偗偨揇朹偺曽偑
丄儌僨儉偺攚屻偵偄傞僴僢僇乕傛傝傕丄偼偭偒傝偲偟偨怤擖偺嵀愓傗懡偔偺庤
偑偐傝傪偄偭偦偆巆偡傕偺偱偡丅

偙傟傜嶰偮偺僷僗儚乕僪偼廳梫側夛幮偺帒嶻偱偡丅偦偺儅僔儞偑尩廳偵曐娗偝
傟偰偄傞応崌丄偦偺儅僔儞偵娭偡傞庡梫側僷僗儚乕僪傪朰傟偰偟傑偆偲丄暘夝
偡傞側傜暿偱偡偑丄偄偮傕偺傗傝曽偱偼愝掕偑曄峏偱偒側偄儅僔儞偵側偭偰偟
傑偄傑偡丅廳梫側僷僗儚乕僪偺惗惉曽朄傗曐娗応強丄桳岠婜尷丄偍傛傃巊偄曽
偺娗棟庤弴偼丄暥彂壔偟偰偍偄偰偔偩偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

9.2. "Data Terminal Ready" 偲 "Data Carrier Detect" 偵廬偆

僐儞僺儏乕僞偑儌僨儉傪僴儞僌傾僢僾偝偣傛偆偲偡傞応崌丄 RS-232 偺 "Data
Terminal Ready" 怣崋偑棊偪傑偡丅偙傟偼丄儘僌僀儞僙僢僔儑儞偑廔椆偟偨帪
丄傑偨偼儘僌僀儞偵幐攕偟偨帪偵婲偙傝傑偡丅

DTR 偑寢慄偝傟偰偄傞儌僨儉働乕僽儖傪巊偆偙偲偲丄儌僨儉傪 DTR 偵廬偆傛偆
偵愝掕偡傞偙偲偼丄僐儞僜乕儖傪棙梡偟偨僒乕價僗嫅斲峌寕傪杊巭偡傞忋偱昁
恵偱偡丅

DTR 怣崋偑側偄偲丄敪屇懁偼娙扨偵儌僨儉儔僀儞傪僆乕僾儞偺傑傑偵偱偒傞偺
偱丄僔僗僥儉娗棟幰偼僐儞僜乕儖傊傾僋僙僗偱偒側偔側偭偰偟傑偄傑偡丅

RS-232 偺 "Data Carrier Detect" 怣崋偼儐乕僓乕偑僴儞僌傾僢僾偡傞偲棊偪
傑偡丅

DCD 偑寢慄偝傟偰偄傞儌僨儉働乕僽儖傪巊偆偙偲偲丄 DCD 傪傾僒乕僩偡傞傛偆
偵儌僨儉傪愝掕偡傞偙偲偼丄儐乕僓乕偑僴儞僌傾僢僾偟偨屻偵丄扤偐偑揹榖傪
偐偗偰偦偙偵愙懕偟側偄傛偆偟偨傝丄偦偺僙僢僔儑儞傪懕偗偰巊梡偡傞偺傪杊
巭偡傞偨傔偵偼寚偐偣傑偣傫丅

DCD 偑柍偄偲丄晄堄偵愙懕偑愗傟偰傕偦偺僙僢僔儑儞偼僋儕傾偝傟傑偣傫丅偙
偆側傞偲偦偺屻偺敪屇幰偼丄扤偱傕捈慜偺僙僢僔儑儞傪嵞奐偱偒偰偟傑偄傑偡
丅傕偟捈慜偺儐乕僓乕偑 root 偩偭偨傜丄偦偺儅僔儞偼偡偭偐傝婋尟偵嶯偝傟
偰偟傑偄傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

9.3. 僟儉儌僨儉傪巊偆丄偁傞偄偼愝掕偡傞丅

偨偄偰偄偺儌僨儉偼僿僀僘偺 AT 僐儅儞僪僙僢僩傪巊偭偰偄傑偡丅偁傞掱搙偺
帪娫傪偍偄偰 +++ 傪憲傟偽丄偦偺儌僨儉偼僐儅儞僪儌乕僪偵栠傝傑偡丅偦偺偁
偲愭摢偵 AT 傪晅偗偰僐儅儞僪傪憲傝傑偡丅

儌僨儉偑榖拞偵 +++ 傪専抦偡傞偲丄偁偄偵偔僐儅儞僪儌乕僪偵媡栠傝偡傞偐傕
抦傟傑偣傫丅偦偆側傞偲丄儌僨儉偼敪屇懁偐傜愝掕偱偒偰偟傑偄傑偡丅椺偊偽
丄 乪0乫 斣偐傜偟偐拝怣偱偒側偄傛偆偵愝掕偱偒偰偟傑偄傑偡丅偦偆側傞偲丄
僔僗僥儉娗棟幰偼儌僨儉偵傾僋僙僗偱偒側偔側傝傑偡丅

僐儅儞僪儌乕僪偵栠偡偙偺僐儅儞僪偼 AT S2=255 傪巊偭偰庢傝彍偗傑偡丅傕偪
傠傫偄偭偨傫偦偆偟偰偟傑偆偲丄儌僨儉偼 AT 僐儅儞僪傪偦傟埲忋庴偗晅偗側
偔側傝傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄偙偺僐儅儞僪傪幚峴偡傞慜偵丄儌僨儉偵懳偡傞偦偺懠
偺愝掕傪嵪傑偣偰偍偔昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅

偱偡偑偁偄偵偔丄儌僨儉偺揹尮傪擖傟傞偲丄儌僨儉偼僐儅儞僪儌乕僪偱僗僞乕
僩偟偰偟傑偄傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕傪拲堄怺偔慖傋偽丄儌僨
儉傪柍岠偵偱偒偰偟傑偆偺偱偡丅

嵟椙偺夝寛曽朄偼丄乪dumb乫 傑偨偼 乬select profile乭 偺丄DIP 僗僀僢僠丄
偁傞偄偼僕儍儞僷乕偑晅偄偰偄傞儌僨儉傪慖傇偙偲偱偡丅偙傟傜偺僗僀僢僠傪
巊偊偽丄僐儅儞僪儌乕僪偑柍岠偵側傝丄曐懚偟偰偁傞愝掕偑儘乕僪偝傟傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

9.4. 僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕傪惂尷偡傞

9.4.1. 僔僗僥儉儘僌偑弌椡偡傞僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕傪惂尷偡傞

僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕傪娫抐柍偔棳偡傛偆偵偟偰偍偔偲丄娙扨偵 9600bps 偺儕
儞僋偑朞榓偡傞偙偲偑偁傝傑偡丅

偡傋偰偺 syslog 儊僢僙乕僕傪僐儞僜乕儖偵昞帵偡傞偺偼偆傑偄峫偊偺傛偆偵
尒偊傑偡偑丄幚偼丄尃尷偺柍偄儐乕僓乕偑娙扨側曽朄傪巊偭偰丄儕儌乕僩僐儞
僜乕儖傪幚幙揑偵巊偊側偔偟偰偟傑偊傞偺偱偡丅

偱偡偐傜丄僐儞僜乕儖偵弌椡偡傞僔僗僥儉儘僌儊僢僙乕僕偼丄杮摉偵昁梫嵟彫
尷偵偡傞傛偆偵愝掕偟偰偔偩偝偄丅 /etc/syslog.conf 傪偪傚偭偲擿偄偰丄 /
dev/console 偱廔偭偰偄傞峴傪扵偟偰傒偰壓偝偄丅

偙偺愝掕僼傽僀儖傪曄峏偟偰丄偡傋偰偺儘僌儊僢僙乕僕傪暿偺儅僔儞偵憲傝丄
偦偙偱婰榐偟夝愅偡傞偲偄偆曽朄傪峫偊偰傒傑偟傚偆丅 Red Hat Linux 7.2 昗
弨偺 /etc/syslog.conf 傪丄儘僌儊僢僙乕僕傪儘僌僒乕僶乕偱婰榐偡傞傛偆偵
廋惓偟偨傕偺傪 Figure 9-2 偵帵偟偰偁傝傑偡丅 syslog.conf 偺奺峴傪孞傝曉
偟偰丄儊僢僙乕僕偺僐僺乕傪儘僌僒乕僶乕傊憲傞傛偆偵偟傑偟偨丅儘僌僒乕僶
乕偵偼 loghost.example.edu.au 偲偄偆丄DNS 偺暿柤偑偁傝傑偡丅偙偆偟偰偍
偔偲丄偡傋偰偺儕儌乕僩婡偺愝掕傪峏怴偟側偔偰傕丄儘僌僒乕僶乕偺堏摦偑壜
擻偵側傝傑偡丅偙傟偱丄僔僗僥儉忈奞偺尨場傪摿掕偡傞曽朄偑丄傕偆儘僌儊僢
僙乕僕偺儘乕僇儖僐僺乕偟偐側偄側偳偲偄偆偙偲偼柍偔側傝傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄
摨婜傪偲偭偰僼傽僀儖偵彂偒崬傓偺傪巭傔傟偽丄僼傽僀儖僔僗僥儉偵晄惍崌偑
敪惗偡傞妋棪偼憹壛偟傑偡偑丄惈擻柺偱懡彮桳棙偵側傝傑偡乮偙傟偼僼傽僀儖
僔僗僥儉偑僕儍乕僫儖傪庢傜側偄偐傜婲偙傞栤戣揰偱偡乯丅僼傽僀儖柤偺捈慜
偵 - 傪抲偗偽丄僼傽僀儖傊偺彂偒崬傒偑摨婜偟側偔側傝傑偡丅

Figure 9-2. 儘僌儊僢僙乕僕偺僐僺乕傪儘僌僒乕僶乕傊憲傞傛偆偵廋惓偟偨 /
etc/syslog.conf

# 乮儊乕儖傪彍偔乯info 儗儀儖埲忋偺儊僢僙乕僕偼儘僌偵嵦庢偡傞丅        
# 僾儔僀儀乕僩側擣徹儊僢僙乕僕偼儘僌偵庢傜側偄丅                       
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none  @loghost.example.edu.au      
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none  -/var/log/messages           
                                                                       
# authpriv 僼傽僀儖偼傾僋僙僗惂尷傪偐偗偰偄傞丅                        
authpriv.*                                @loghost.example.edu.au      
authpriv.*                                /var/log/secure              
                                                                       
# 儊乕儖偺儊僢僙乕僕偼偡傋偰堦売強偱儘僌偵庢傞丅                       
mail.*                                    @loghost.example.edu.au      
mail.*                                    -/var/log/maillog            
                                                                       
# cron娭學偺儘僌                                                       
cron.*                                    @loghost.example.edu.au      
cron.*                                    -/var/log/cron               
                                                                       
# 嬞媫儊僢僙乕僕偼傒傫側偵棳偡                                         
*.emerg                                   @loghost.example.edu.au      
*.emerg                                   *                            
                                                                       
# crit 儗儀儖埲忋偺僯儏乕僗偺僄儔乕偼摿暿側僼傽僀儖偵曐懚偡傞丅        
uucp,news.crit                            @loghost.example.edu.au      
uucp,news.crit                            -/var/log/spooler            
                                                                       
# 僽乕僩儊僢僙乕僕偼 boot.log偵傕曐懚偡傞丅                            
local7.*                                  @loghost.example.edu.au      
local7.*                                  -/var/log/boot.log           

儘僌僒乕僶乕偼昗弨偺 /etc/syslog.conf 傪巊偭偰愝掕偟傑偡偑丄偙偺僼傽僀
儖偼丄儕儌乕僩偺 syslog 儊僢僙乕僕傪庴偗庢傟傞傛偆偵偟偰偍偒傑偡丅 Red
Hat Linux 梡偵愝掕偟偨偙偺僼傽僀儖傪丄 Figure 9-3 偵帵偟傑偡丅僔僗僥儉
偺儘僌僨乕儌儞偺愝掕偵壛偊偰丄 syslog 儊僢僙乕僕偺憲怣尦傪惂尷偡傞傛偆
偵 IP Tables 傪愝掕偟偰丄僒乕價僗嫅斲峌寕傕杊屼偟偰壓偝偄丅傑偨丄nscd
偑摦偄偰偄偰丄DNS 偺媡堷偒傪僉儍僢僔儏偟偰偄傞偺傪妋擣偟偰丄惈擻夵慞傕
峴側偭偰壓偝偄丅

Figure 9-3. /etc/sysconfig/syslog 偺僆僾僔儑儞傪愝掕偟偰丄儕儌乕僩偺儘
僌儊僢僙乕僕傪嫋壜偡傞丅

# Red Hat Linux 偺僨僼僅儖僩抣丅僞僀儅乕婲摦偺 乪 --MARK-- 乫 儊僢僙乕僕偼彂偐側偄丅 
SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-m 0"                                                               
# 儕儌乕僩偺 syslog 儊僢僙乕僕傪庴偗庢傞傛偆偵僆僾僔儑儞傪捛壛丅                     
SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="${SYSLOGD_OPTIONS} -r"                                              

Figure 9-4. remote.example.edu.au 傊偺 syslog 儊僢僙乕僕傪惂尷偡傞

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆 bash# chkconfig iptables on                                                                                      劆
劆 bash# /etc/init.d/iptables restart                                                                               劆
劆# 杮婡偐傜偺 IP 僩儔僼傿僢僋傪偡傋偰嫋壜偡傞                                                                      劆
劆 bash# iptables --append INPUT --source 127.0.0.0/8 --in-interface lo --jump ACCEPT                               劆
劆# 偨傇傫丄懠偺僩儔僼傿僢僋傪僼傿儖僞乕偵偐偗傞                                                                    劆
劆乧                                                                                                                劆
劆# remote.example.edu.au 偐傜偺 syslog 儊僢僙乕僕傪庴偗庢傞                                                        劆
劆 bash# iptables --append INPUT --source remote.example.edu.au --protocol udp --destination-port syslog -j ACCEPT  劆
劆# 梊掕奜偺 syslog 儊僢僙乕僕偼栙偭偰棊偲偡                                                                        劆
劆 bash# iptables --append INPUT --protocol udp --destination-port syslog -j DROP                                   劆
劆# 摦嶌拞偺愝掕傪曐懚偡傞                                                                                          劆
劆 bash# /etc/init.d/iptables save                                                                                  劆
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Figure 9-5. nscd 傪巊偭偰 DNS 偺媡堷偒傪僉儍僢僔儏偡傞丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆bash# chkconfig nscd on                                             劆
劆bash# /etc/init.d/nscd restart                                      劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

9.4.2. 僐儞僜乕儖偵懳偡傞僽儘乕僪僉儍僗僩儊僢僙乕僕傪惂尷偡傞

僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偵儘僌僀儞偟偰偄傞儐乕僓乕偼丄僽儘乕僪僉儍僗僩儊僢僙
乕僕傪庴偗庢傜側偄偱偔偩偝偄丅偦偆偡傞偵偼丄 /etc/profile.d 偵怴偟偄僼
傽僀儖傪捛壛偟傑偡丅 Figure 9-6 偵 Bourne僔僃儖偱巊偆僼傽僀儖傪帵偟偰偄
傑偡丅

Figure 9-6. 僐儞僜乕儖儐乕僓乕傊偺儊僢僙乕僕憲怣傪惂尷偡傞丅

#                                                                      
# 嶲徠偝傟傞僼傽僀儖偼偁傞偐丠                                         
if [ -x /usr/bin/mesg -a -x /usr/bin/tty ]                             
then                                                                   
  # 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偵偄傞偺偐丠                                     
  if [ `/usr/bin/tty` = /dev/ttyS0 ]                                   
  then                                                                 
                                                                       
    # 僽儘乕僪僉儍僗僩儊僢僙乕僕偼庴偗庢傜側偄                         
    /usr/bin/mesg n                                                    
  fi                                                                   
fi                                                                     

偙偺僼傽僀儖偼昿斏偵幚峴偡傞偺偱丄僐乕僪偼崱傛傝撉傒偢傜偔偼側傝傑偡偑
丄傕偭偲崅懍偵偟偨 Figure 9-6 偲偄偆僶乕僕儑儞傪巊偆偙偲偵偟傑偡丅偙偺
僶乕僕儑儞偼 Figure 9-7 偵帵偟傑偟偨丅

Figure 9-7. /etc/profile.d/mesg.sh丄僐儞僜乕儖儐乕僓乕傊偺儊僢僙乕僕憲
怣傪惂尷偡傞丅

#                                                                                        
# /etc/profile.d/mesg.sh -- 懠偺恖偑僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺儐乕僓乕傪擸傑偝側偄傛偆偵偡傞丅 
                                                                                         
[ -x /usr/bin/mesg -a -x /usr/bin/tty -a `/usr/bin/tty` = /dev/ttyS0 ] && /usr/bin/mesg n

C 僔僃儖梡傕昁梫偱偡偐傜丄 Figure 9-8 偵帵偟傑偟偨丅

Figure 9-8. /etc/profile.d/mesg.csh丄僐儞僜乕儖儐乕僓乕傊偺儊僢僙乕僕憲
怣傪惂尷偡傞丅

#                                                                                         
# /etc/profile.d/mesg.csh -- 懠偺恖偑僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺儐乕僓乕傪擸傑偝側偄傛偆偵偡傞丅 
if (-X mesg && -X tty && `tty` == /dev/ttyS0) then                                        
  mesg n                                                                                  
endif                                                                                     

mesg.sh 偲 mesg.csh 偼恊僔僃儖偑幚峴偡傞偲偄偆傛傝傕恊僔僃儖偵晅悘偡傞
傕偺偱偡偑丄偙偺僼傽僀儖偵偼幚峴僷乕儈僢僔儑儞傪愝掕偡傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡
丅偙偺僼傽僀儖偺僀儞僗僩乕儖偲僷乕儈僢僔儑儞偺愝掕偼丄 Figure 9-9 偵帵
偟偨庤弴偱峴側偄傑偡丅

Figure 9-9. 僼傽僀儖傪 /etc/profile.d 偵僀儞僗僩乕儖偡傞丅

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劆bash# cp mesg.*sh /etc/profile.d/                                   劆
劆bash# chown root:root /etc/profile.d/mesg.*sh                       劆
劆bash# chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx /etc/profile.d/mesg.*sh                 劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

9.5. 儌僨儉偺婡擻傪梡偄偰巊梡傪惂尷偡傞

偨偄偰偄偺儌僨儉偼僷僗儚乕僪偑捛壛偱偒傞傛偆偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅偟偐偟偙偺
僷僗儚乕僪傕丄挿強偲抁強偼懠偺偡傋偰偺僷僗儚乕僪擣徹曽朄偲摨偠偱偡偐傜
丄摿偵桳梡偩偲偄偆傢偗偱偼偁傝傑偣傫丅偡偱偵僷僗儚乕僪擣徹偼 BIOS 偵傕
偁傞偟僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偵傕偁傝傑偡丅偦傟偵 login 偱傕僷僗儚乕僪擣徹傪峴側
偭偰偄傑偡丅

儌僨儉偺懡偔偼僐乕儖僶僢僋傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傑偡丅儌僨儉偵揹榖偑偐偐傝丄
僴儞僌傾僢僾偟偰偐傜2丄3昩屻偵丄梊傔愝掕偟偰偁傞揹榖斣崋偵揹榖傪偟傑偡
丅偙傟偵傛偭偰丄僐儞僜乕儖偵傾僋僙僗偱偒傞応強偑惂尷偝傟傑偡丅

懡偔偺儌僨儉偱偼丄敪怣尦揹榖斣崋 (CLI) 傪梊傔掕媊偟偰偁傞儕僗僩偲徠崌偱
偒傞傛偆偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅傕偟敪怣尦偺揹榖斣崋偑偙偺儕僗僩忋偵側偄応崌偼
愙懕偟傑偣傫丅儌僨儉偵偮側偑偭偰偄傞揹榖慄偼 CLI 傪憲傞傛偆偵愝掕偟側偗
傟偽側傝傑偣傫偑丄偙偆偟偰偟傑偆偲丄揹榖夛幮偐傜捛壛壽嬥偝傟偰偟傑偆偐
傕偟傟傑偣傫丅偐偗偰偄傞揹榖偡傋偰偑 CLI 傪憲傟傞傢偗偱偼偁傝傑偣傫偟丄
惓摉側敪怣幰偺拞偵偼丄揹榖夛幮偵 CLI 偺憲怣傪梷偊傞傛偆棅傫偩恖偑偄傞偐
傕偟傟傑偣傫丅

拝怣偟偨揹榖斣崋傪婰榐偡傞傛偆偵愝掕偱偒傞儌僨儉傕偨偔偝傫偁傝傑偡丅岆
梡傪捛愓偡傞応崌偵偙傟偼栶棫偪傑偡丅

儌僨儉偺懡偔偼埫崋壔傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傑偡丅儌僨儉偵傛偭偰偼丄僉乕傪暋悢
嫋壜偟偰偄傞傕偺傕偁傝傑偡丅偙傟偱栤戣偑庤嵺椙偔夝寛偟傑偡丅偙偆偡傟偽
丄嫋壜偝傟偨儌僨儉偩偗偑丄偳偙偐傜偱傕揹榖偟偰愙懕偱偒傞傛偆偵側傝傑偡
丅偙偺応崌丄儌僨儉偼捠忢摨偠庬椶偵偡傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡偟丄偍偦傜偔宆傕摨
偠偵偟側偗傟偽側傝傑偣傫丅

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劆                        埫崋壔偺擇廳巊梡媄弍                        劆
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劆埫崋壔婡擻傪桳偡傞儌僨儉偺強桳丄巊梡丄攧攦丄偁傞偄偼桝弌擖偼丄崙偵傛劆
劆偭偰偼廳戝側斊嵾偵側傝傑偡丅                                        劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆偱偡偐傜丄帺崙撪偺朄棩偲丄椃峴偱捠傞偐傕抦傟側偄崙乆偺朄棩偵惛捠偟偰劆
劆偄側偗傟偽側傝傑偣傫丅                                              劆
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懡偔偺揹榖僒乕價僗傗 PBX 儔僀儞偼丄拝怣偩偗傪嫋壜偡傞傛偆愝掕偱偒傑偡丅
枩偑堦僐儞僺儏乕僞偵埆偝傪偝傟偨偲偟偰傕丄偦偺傛偆偵偟偰偍偗偽丄儌僨儉
偺岆梡傪杊巭偡傞偆偊偱栶偵棫偪傑偡丅 乪demon dialler乫 偼懡偔偺揹榖斣崋
偵揹榖傪偐偗偰丄墳摎偡傞儌僨儉傪扵偡偙偲偑偱偒傑偡偑丄偙偺揹榖偺旓梡偼
敎戝偵側傞壜擻惈偑偁傝傑偡丅

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9.6. BIOS 偺摿挜

傎偲傫偳偺 BIOS 偱偼丄偦偺愝掕偺嵺偵丄乪僷僗儚乕僪傪擖椡偡傞乫傛偆偵偱
偒傑偡丅偙傟偼愝掕偟僥僗僩偟偰偔偩偝偄丅儅僓乕儃乕僪偵傛偭偰偼丄僷僗儚
乕僪傪桳岠偵偡傞偨傔偵僕儍儞僷乕傪愗傝懼偊傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅傑偨丄BIOS
偵傛偭偰偼丄偁偺 乪master passwords乫 偑晅偄偰偄傞傕偺傕偁傞偺偱丄専嶕
僄儞僕儞偱扵偟偰丄帺暘偺 BIOS 偑偦偆偱偼側偄偙偲傪妋偐傔偰偔偩偝偄丅偙
偺僷僗儚乕僪偼丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傗 root 偺僷僗儚乕僪偲摨偠傕偺偵偼偟側偄
偱偔偩偝偄丅

BIOS 偺愝掕偵偼 乪僽乕僩弴彉乫 偺愝掕偑偁傝傑偡丅懠偺偳傫側攠懱傛傝傕愭
偵僴乕僪僨傿僗僋偐傜僽乕僩偡傞傛偆愝掕偟偰偔偩偝偄丅偙偆偡傟偽丄扤偐偑
儗僗僉儏乕僨傿僗僋傪憓擖偟偰傕丄儅僔儞傪僽乕僩偟偰丄 root 偵側傝丄僼傽
僀儖僔僗僥儉偵傾僋僙僗偡傞偲偄偆偙偲偑偱偒側偔側傝傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

9.7. 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺僷僗儚乕僪傪巊偆

僨僼僅儖僩埲奜偺僀儊乕僕偱僽乕僩偡傞応崌傗丄僐儅儞僪儔僀儞偐傜僷儔儊乕
僞傪梌偊傞応崌偵丄僷僗儚乕僪傪梫媮偡傞傛偆僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪愝掕偟偰壓偝
偄丅

偙偆偟偰偍偗偽丄 Example 4-1 偺椺偵偁傞傛偆偵丄僽乕僩僔乕働儞僗拞偵扤偐
偑揹榖偱愙懕偟丄偦偺儅僔儞傪惂屼偡傞僆僾僔儑儞傪偮偗偰丄僇乕僱儖傪僽乕
僩偟偰偟傑偆傛偆側偙偲偑杊巭偱偒傑偡丅

偙偺僷僗儚乕僪偼 BIOS 偺僷僗儚乕僪偲傕丄 root 偺僷僗儚乕僪偲傕摨偠偵偟
偰偼偄偗傑偣傫丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

9.8. 旕懳榖揑僽乕僩僔乕働儞僗

Red Hat Linux 偵偼 乪懳榖僽乕僩乫 僆僾僔儑儞偑偁傝丄偙傟傪巊偊偽僒乕價
僗偑僗僞乕僩偟側偄傛偆偵偱偒傑偡丅偱傕WEB 僒乕價僗偑栚揑偺儅僔儞偱丄柍
嫋壜偺恖娫偑僔僗僥儉偲懳榖偟偰丄 HTTP 僨乕儌儞偑婲摦偟側偄傛偆偵偡傞偲
偄偆偺偼丄桖夣偲偼偄偊側偄偱偟傚偆偹丅

/etc/sysconfig/init 傪曇廤偟偰埲壓偺峴傪擖傟偰偔偩偝偄丅

PROMPT=no                                                              

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9.9. 儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕

乪儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕乫 偲偄偆偺偼丄偄偔偮偐偺婎杮揑側僐儅儞僪傪丄捈愙
僇乕僱儖偵搉偣傞僉乕僔乕働儞僗偺偙偲偱偡丅僇乕僱儖僜僼僩僂僃傾偺奐敪幰
偨偪偼丄偙偺僀儞僞僼僃乕僗傪巊偭偰丄帺暘偨偪偺僜僼僩僂僃傾傪僨僶僢僌偟
傑偡丅堦斒偺娐嫬偱偼丄僐儞僺儏乕僞傪儕僽乕僩偡傞嵟屻偺庤抜偵傕巊偊傞偟
丄儕儌乕僩偱峴側偆偺偑崲擄偩偭偨傝崅偔偮偔傛偆側丄懠偺偙偲偵傕巊偊傑偡
丅

僇乕僱儖僜僼僩僃傾偺奐敪埲奜偱巊偭偰偄傞僐儞僺儏乕僞偱偙偺儅僕僢僋 
SysRq 僉乕傪巊偆偲丄偦偺儅僔儞偼怽偟暘偺側偄僒乕價僗嫅斲僨僶僀僗偵側偭
偰偟傑偄傑偡丅晄惓側僉乕僗僩儘乕僋傪俀丄俁峴側偊偽丄偦偺僐儞僺儏乕僞偼
偳偆偵傕側傜側偔側傞偺偱偡丅僔儕傾儖偵偣傛懠偺傕偺偵偣傛丄僐儞僜乕儖偼
怣棅偱偒傞恖偩偗偑傾僋僙僗偱偒傞応強偵愝抲偟偰壓偝偄丅

僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偼 RS-232 偺僽儗乕僋婡擻傪丄 乪儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕乫
偵巊偭偰偄傑偡丅 乪僽儗乕僋乫 偲偼丄僔儕傾儖儔僀儞忋偱壗傕揮憲偟偰偄側
偄婜娫偺偙偲偱丄廬棃偺抂枛偱偼丄Break 偲偄偆儔儀儖偑晅偄偨僉乕傪墴壓偡
傞偲僽儗乕僋忬懺偵側傝傑偡丅

儌僨儉偵揹榖傪偐偗偰愙懕偟丄僽儗乕僋傪憲傞偺偼丄扤偵偱傕偱偒傑偡丅偱偡
偐傜丄傕偟僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偑儌僨儉偵偮側偑偭偰偄傞応崌偼丄偙偺儅僕僢
僋 SysRq 僉乕傪柍岠偵偡傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偑僞乕儈僫儖
僒乕僶乕偵偮側偑偭偰偄偰擣徹傪梫媮偟偰偒偨傝丄僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖傪巊偭
偰捈愙暿偺抂枛偵偮側偑偭偰偄傞応崌偼丄儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕傪桳岠偵偟偰傕
偐傑偄傑偣傫丅

儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕偼丄僇乕僱儖偺曄悢傪愝掕偡傞偐丄偦偺僉乕傪僒億乕僩偟
側偄傛偆偵僐儞僷僀儖偡傟偽柍岠偵偱偒傑偡丅

/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq 偵 0 傪彂偒崬傔偽丄儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕偼柍岠偵側
傝傑偡丅埲壓偺傛偆偵 sysctl 僐儅儞僪傕巊偊傑偡丅

Figure 9-10. sysctl 傪巊偭偰丄儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕傪柍岠偵偡傞丅

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劆bash# sysctl -w kernel.sysrq=0                                      劆
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偛帺暘偺 Linux 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偵偼 /etc/sysctl.conf 僼傽僀儖偑偁
偭偰丄儅僔儞偺僽乕僩拞偵偦偺僼傽僀儖傪巊偭偰 sysctl 傪幚峴偟偰偄傞偐傕
抦傟傑偣傫丅偦偺応崌偼師偺峴傪捛壛偟偰壓偝偄丅

Figure 9-11. 儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕傪柍岠偵偡傞丄 /etc/sysctl.conf 偺愝掕
丅

# 儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕傪柍岠偵偡傞丅                                    
kernel.sysrq = 0                                                       

/etc/sysctl.conf 偱儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕傪僆僼偵偟偨偲偟偰傕丄僇乕僱儖偑
僽乕僩偟偰偐傜偦偺僼傽僀儖偺撪梕偑揔梡偝傟傞傑偱偺娫偑庛揰偵側傝傑偡丅

偱偡偐傜丄帺暘偺僇乕僱儖傪僐儞僷僀儖偟偰丄師偺僐儞僼傿僊儏儗乕僔儑儞僷
儔儊乕僞傪愝掕偡傞曽偑丄偼傞偐偵桪傟偰偄傑偡丅

Figure 9-12. SysRq 僉乕傪柍岠偵偟偨丄僇乕僱儖偺 make menuconfig

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劆Kernel hacking  --->                                                劆
劆 [ ] Magic SysRq key                                                劆
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偙傟偱師偺僐儞僼傿僊儏儗乕僔儑儞僷儔儊乕僞偑 /usr/src/linux/.config 偵
彂偐傟傑偡丅

Figure 9-13. SysRq 僉乕傪柍岠偵偟偰偄傞僇乕僱儖偺 .config

# CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ is not set                                        

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9.10. Ctrl-Alt-Delete 偺摦偒傪挷惍偡傞

IBM PC 偼丄僐儞僺儏乕僞傪儕僽乕僩偡傞偨傔偵丄 Ctrl-Alt-Delete 傪巊偄傑
偟偨丅 Linux 偱偼偙偺僉乕偺慻崌偣偵嵶岺傪偟偰丄 init 僔僗僥儉偱巊偊傞傛
偆偵偟偰偁傝傑偡丅 init 僾儘僙僗偵 SIGINT 僔僌僫儖傪憲傞偺偱偡丅乮偲偼
偄偭偰傕丄 ctrlaltdelhard 傪峴側偆偲偙偺嵶岺偑柍偔側傝丄偙偺僉乕偺慻崌
偣偱僐儞僺儏乕僞傪捈偪偵儕僽乕僩偱偒傞偺偱偡偑乯丅 init 僔僗僥儉偼 /etc
/inittab 傪巊偭偰丄 Ctrl-Alt-Delete 偲偄偆僉乕偺慻崌偣偱惗惉偝傟偨僔僌
僫儖傪偳偆張棟偡傞偐傪寛傔傑偡丅

Linux 偺偨偄偰偄偺僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偼僔僗僥儉傪惓偟偔儕僽乕僩偡傞
偟丄戝晹暘偺儐乕僓乕偑婜懸偟偰偄傞摦嶌傪偦偺傑傑峴側偄傑偡丅 Figure
9-14 偼偙偺曽朄傪帵偟偰偄傑偡丅

Figure 9-14. /etc/inittab 偱偺 Ctrl-Alt-Delete 偺僨僼僅儖僩張棟

# CTRL-ALT-DELETE 偵嵶岺傪巤偡丅                                       
ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -r now                               

屄乆偺僒僀僩偵傛偭偰偼丄Ctrl-Alt-Delete 傪柍岠偵偟偨偄偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅
偙傟偵偮偄偰偼丄 Figure 9-15 偵帵偟偰偁傝傑偡丅

Figure 9-15. Ctrl-Alt-Delete 傪柍帇偡傞 /etc/inittab 偺愝掕

# CTRL-ALT-DELETE 偵嵶岺偟偰壗傕偟側偄傛偆偵偡傞丅                     
ca::ctrlaltdel:                                                        

偁傞偄偼丄僐儞僺儏乕僞傪惓偟偔僔儍僢僩僟僂儞偟偨偄偐傕抦傟傑偣傫丅偙傟
傪僆儁儗乕僞偵愢柧偡傞偺偼偲偰傕娙扨偱丄巜帵偼 /etc/issue 偐 Post-it
Note 傪巊偭偰儌僯僞乕偵昞帵偡傟偽偄偄偺偱偡丅僐儞僺儏乕僞偑 Advanced
Power Management (偁傞偄偼 APM 偲傕偄偄傑偡) 傪巊偭偰偄傞応崌偼丄僐儞僺
儏乕僞傪僔儍僢僩僟僂儞偡傞偲丄揹尮傕愗傟傑偡丅

Figure 9-16. /etc/inittab 撪偺 Ctrl-Alt-Delete 偵傛偭偰惓偟偔僔儍僢僩僟
僂儞偡傞丅

# CTRL-ALT-DELETE 偵嵶岺偟偰僔儍僢僩僟僂儞偡傞                         
ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -h now                               

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9.11. 傾僋僙僗枹悑偺儘僌

僔僗僥儉儘僌偺拞偺丄getty 偑弌椡偟偨傕偺傪偪傚偭偲擿偄偰傒偰壓偝偄丅偦
偟偰擔忢偺儘僌娔帇偺嶌嬈庤弴偱丄偙傟傜偺儊僢僙乕僕傕娔帇偡傞傛偆偵偟偰
壓偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

9.12. 揹榖夞慄儕儞僋偺搻挳傊偺懳墳

揹榖夞慄偱儌僨儉偵愙懕偡傞偲丄搻挳偝傟傞壜擻惈偑偁傝傑偡丅偦偺揹榖偺愙
懕宱楬忋偵偁傞捠怣夛幮傪怣梡偟偰偄側偄偲偐丄朄幏峴婡娭偑偦偺捠怣夛幮偵
丄搻挳愝旛傪梫媮偡傞偐傕偟傟側偄偐傜怣梡偟偰偄側偄応崌偵偼丄偙傟偑栤戣
偵側傞偙偲偑偁傝傑偡丅

崙嵺揹榖偼摿偵柍杊旛偵側傝傑偡丅塹惎夞慄傗柍慄夞慄傪捠偭偰偄傞揹榖偼丄
庤尦偺儔僕僆偱朤庴偱偒偰偟傑偄傑偡丅奀掙働乕僽儖傪捠偭偰偄傞揹榖偼朤庴
偡傞偺偵偢偭偲旓梡偑偐偐傝傑偡偐傜丄偙傫側偙偲傪偡傞偺偼丄偨傇傫 
Echelon <http://cryptome.org/cryptout.htm#Echelon> 傪巊偭偰偄傞傛偆側丄
惌晎婡娭偵尷傜傟傞偱偟傚偆丅

婡枾埖偄偺僨乕僞偼揹榖夞慄儕儞僋偱偼庴搉偟傪偟側偄偲偡傞偲丄庡偵柍杊旛
偵側傞偺偼丄帺暘偺儐乕僓乕柤偲僷僗儚乕僪傪僞僀僾偟偰偄傞偲偒偱偡丅偙偺
応崌偼丄 S/KEY <http://freshmeat.net/projects/pam_skey/> 傗偁傞偄偼 
OPIE <http://inner.net/opie/> 丄偦傟偵娭楢偡傞 An OPIE for PAM <http://
www.tho.org/~andy/pam-opie.html> 傪挷傋偰壓偝偄丅

偟偐偟偙偆偄偭偨儚儞僞僀儉僷僗儚乕僪偵偼寚揰偑偁傝傑偡丅偙傟偵偮偄偰偼
Peiter 乪mudge乫 Zatko 偑丄 Vulnerabilities in the S/KEY one time
password system 偲偄偆丄傛偔傑偲傑偭偨奣梫傪彂偄偰偄傑偡丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆                       埫崋壔僉乕梡偺婎杮嵽椏                       劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆儚儞僞僀儉僷僗儚乕僪僕僃僱儗乕僞偲偐丄儚儞僞僀儉僷僗儚乕僪偺儕僗僩偲劆
劆偄偭偨丄埫崋壔偺婎杮偲側傞嵽椏傪強桳偡傞偙偲偼丄崙偵傛偭偰偼廳戝側斊劆
劆嵾偵側傝傑偡丅                                                      劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆偱偡偐傜丄帺崙撪偺朄棩偲丄椃峴偱捠傞偐傕抦傟側偄崙乆偺朄棩偵惛捠偟偰劆
劆偄側偗傟偽側傝傑偣傫丅                                              劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆                           捠怣朤庴偺朩奞                           劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆朄揑偵擣傔傜傟偨捠怣朤庴傪朩奞偟偨傝夞旔偡傞傛偆側曽嶔傪偲傞偲丄崙偵劆
劆傛偭偰偼廳戝側斊嵾偵側傝傑偡丅                                      劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆偱偡偐傜丄帺崙撪偺朄棩偲丄椃峴偱捠傞偐傕抦傟側偄崙乆偺朄棩偵惛捠偟偰劆
劆偄側偗傟偽側傝傑偣傫丅                                              劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 10. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪僒億乕僩偡傞傛偆偵丄僇乕僱儖傪愝掕偡傞

僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僞偑弌壸偟偰偄傞 Linux 僇乕僱儖偼丄偨偄偰偄僔儕傾儖僐儞
僜乕儖偑巊偊傞傛偆偵愝掕偟偰偁傝傑偡丅偟偐偟僔僗僥儉娗棟幰偼丄僇乕僱儖
傪嵞僐儞僷僀儖偡傞埲奜偵偼夝寛嶔偑柍偄傛偆側栤戣偵丄傎偲傫偳昁偢憳嬾偟
傑偡丅偙偆偄偭偨応崌偼丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪僒億乕僩偡傞傛偆偵僇乕僱儖
傪愝掕偟偰壓偝偄丅晛捠僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕偼丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺懠偵儌僯
僞乕傊傕昞帵偟偨偄偱偡偐傜丄捠忢偺壖憐抂枛僐儞僜乕儖傕愝掕偟傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

10.1. Linux 僇乕僱儖偺僶乕僕儑儞 2.5

僇乕僱儖偺僶乕僕儑儞 2.5 偼尰嵼妶敪側奐敪搑忋偵偁傞傕偺偱偡偐傜丄偙偺僙
僋僔儑儞偺撪梕偼屆偔側偭偰偄傞偐傕抦傟傑偣傫丅僶乕僕儑儞 2.5 偱偼丄 USB
僪儞僌儖偵庢傝晅偗偨僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵丄僐儞僜乕儖偑愙懕偱偒傞傛偆偵側偭
偰偄傑偡丅僶乕僕儑儞 2.5 偺僇乕僱儖偵懳偡傞 -dj 僷僢僠偼丄僐儞僜乕儖儗
僀儎乕傪彂偒捈偟偨傕偺偱偡丅偟偐偟偙偺彂偒捈偟偨儗僀儎乕偑丄僔儕傾儖僐
儞僜乕儖傪儐乕僓乕嬻娫偱巊梡偡傞応崌偵傕岠壥偑偁傞偐偳偆偐偼晄柧偱偡丅

僇乕僱儖傪愝掕偡傞応崌偼丄師偺僷儔儊乕僞傪愝掕偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

Figure 10-1. make menuconfig 傪巊偭偨僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡僇乕僱儖愝掕

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆Character devices  --->                                                 劆
劆 [*] Virtual terminal                                                   劆
劆  [*]   Support for console on virtual terminal                         劆
劆 <*> Standard/generic (8250/16550 and compatible UARTs) serial support  劆
劆  [*]   Support for console on serial port                              劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偙偆偡傞偲 /usr/src/linux/.config 偵師偺僷儔儊乕僞偑愝掕偝傟傞偼偢偱偡
丅

Figure 10-2. .config 傪梡偄偨丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺僇乕僱儖峔惉

CONFIG_VT=y                                                            
CONFIG_VT_CONSOLE=y                                                    
CONFIG_SERIAL=y                                                        
CONFIG_SERIAL_CONSOLE=y                                                

USB 僶僗偵庢傝晅偗偨僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偄偨偄応崌偼丄捠忢偺 USB 偺愝掕偵
壛偊偰丄 USB 偺僐儞僜乕儖僪儔僀僶丄偍傛傃 USB 僔儕傾儖僪儞僌儖偺偆偪堦
偮傪儘乕僪偡傞傛偆偵丄僇乕僱儖傪愝掕偟偰偔偩偝偄丅乮偙偙偺椺偱偼丄斈梡
僔儕傾儖僪儞僌儖傪巊偭偰偄傑偡乯丅

Figure 10-3. make menuconfig 傪巊偭偨 USB 僪儞僌儖偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖
梡僇乕僱儖愝掕

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆USB Serial Converter support --->                                   劆
劆 <M> USB Serial Converter support                                   劆
劆 [M] USB Serial Console device support                              劆
劆 [M] USB Generic Serial Driver                                      劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偙偆偡傞偲丄/usr/src/linux/.config 偵師偺僷儔儊乕僞偑愝掕偝傟傞偼偢偱偡
丅

Figure 10-4. .config 傪巊偭偨 USB 僨僶僀僗偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡僇乕僱
儖愝掕

CONFIG_USB_SERIAL=m                                                    
CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_CONSOLE=m                                            
CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_GENERIC=m                                            

Section 9.9偱愢柧偟偨傛偆偵丄儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕傪巊傢側偄傛偆偵僇乕僱
儖傪愝掕偡傞偙偲傕昁梫偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

10.2. Linux 僇乕僱儖偺僶乕僕儑儞 2.4

偙偺僇乕僱儖傪愝掕偡傞応崌偼丄師偺僷儔儊乕僞傪愝掕偟偰壓偝偄丅

Figure 10-5. make menuconfig 傪梡偄偨僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡偺僇乕僱儖愝掕

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆Character devices  --->                                                 劆
劆 [*] Virtual terminal                                                   劆
劆  [*]   Support for console on virtual terminal                         劆
劆 <*> Standard/generic (8250/16550 and compatible UARTs) serial support  劆
劆  [*]   Support for console on serial port                              劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偙偆偡傞偲丄師偺僷儔儊乕僞偑 /usr/src/linux/.config 偵愝掕偝傟傞偼偢偱
偡丅

Figure 10-6. .config 傪巊偭偨僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡偺僇乕僱儖愝掕

CONFIG_VT=y                                                            
CONFIG_VT_CONSOLE=y                                                    
CONFIG_SERIAL=y                                                        
CONFIG_SERIAL_CONSOLE=y                                                

Section 9.9偱愢柧偟偨傛偆偵丄儅僕僢僋 SysRq 僉乕傪巊傢側偄傛偆偵僇乕僱
儖傪愝掕偡傞偙偲傕昁梫偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

10.3. Linux 僇乕僱儖偺僶乕僕儑儞 2.2

嵟嬤偺 Linux 2.2 僇乕僱儖偼丄價儖僪僶儔儊乕僞偲僷儔儊乕僞峔暥偑 Linux
偺僶乕僕儑儞 2.4 僇乕僱儖偲摨偠偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅

弶婜偺僇乕僱儖偵娭偟偰偼丄1997擭 4寧偵弌偨 Linux Journal <http://
www.linuxjournal.com/> 偺36崋偵偁傞丄Francesco Conti 偑彂偄偨婰帠
<http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2040> 傪嶲徠偟偰壓偝偄丅 
[23]

偙偺婰帠偵偼僇乕僱儖偵偁偰傞僷僢僠偑偄偔偮偐嵹偭偰偄傑偟偨丅埲壓偵棯婰
偟偨傛偆偵丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩偱棙梡偱偒傞懍搙斖埻傪峀偘傞偨傔偵丄偙偺僷僢
僠偼奼挘偟傑偟偨丅

/usr/src/linux/drivers/char/console.c 偺愭摢偱丄 #defines 傪擇偮捛壛偟
偰丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偆傛偆偵偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

#define CONFIG_SERIAL_ECHO                                             
#define SERIAL_ECHO_PORT 0x3f8  /* COM1 億乕僩傾僪儗僗 */              

偁傞偄偼丄ttyS1 傪巊偆応崌偼丄師偺峴傪捛壛偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

#define CONFIG_SERIAL_ECHO                                             
#define SERIAL_ECHO_PORT 0x2f8  /* COM2 億乕僩傾僪儗僗 */              

僇乕僱儖偼丄僔儕傾儖儕儞僋偺懍搙傪 9600bps 偵憐掕偟偰偄傑偡丅暿偺價僢僩
儗乕僩傪巊偆偮傕傝側傜丄師偺 2 峴傪扵偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

serial_echo_outb(0x00, UART_DLM); /* 9600 baud */                      
serial_echo_outb(0x0c, UART_DLL);                                      

偦偟偰丄 0x0c 傪 Table 10-1 偵嵹偭偰偄傞抣偺拞偺堦偮偵曄偊偰壓偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Table 10-1. IBM-PC/AT 偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺價僢僩儗乕僩偲丄偦偺價僢僩僋儘
僢僋偺彍悢

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劍劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆價僢僩儗乕僩劆    彍悢    劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆 115200bps  劆    0x01    劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆  57600bps  劆    0x02    劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆  38400bps  劆    0x03    劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆  19200bps  劆    0x06    劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆  9600bps   劆    0x0c    劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆  4800bps   劆    0x18    劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆  2400bps   劆    0x30    劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劑劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆  1200bps   劆    0x60    劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劏劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 11. 僔儕傾儖働乕僽儖偺徻嵶

11.1. 梡岅

RS-232 偼傕偲傕偲丄抂枛傪儌僨儉偵偮側偖偨傔偺傕偺偱偟偨丅偙偺抂枛偼惓幃
偵偼僨乕僞抂枛憰抲偲偄偆柤慜偱丄棯偟偰 DTE 偲偄偄傑偡丅儌僨儉偼惓幃偵偼
僨乕僞捠怣憰抲偲偄偆柤慜偱丄棯偟偰 DCE 偲偄偄傑偡丅

昗弨偺 RS-232 働乕僽儖偵偼丄 DTE 偵愙懕偡傞 25 僺儞 D 僞僀僾偺僜働僢僩
偲丄 DCE 偵愙懕偡傞 25 僺儞 D 僞僀僾偺僾儔僌偑偁傝傑偡丅偦偟偰丄僾儔僌
偺 1 斣僺儞偼僜働僢僩偺 1 斣僺儞偲寢慄偟偰偍傝丄僾儔僌偺 2 斣僺儞偼僜働
僢僩偺 2 斣僺儞偲寢慄偝傟偰偄傞丄側偳偺傛偆偵丄25 杮偺僺儞偼慡寢慄偵側
偭偰偄傑偡丅働乕僽儖偺僔乕儖僪偼丄僜働僢僩忋偺嬥懏偺僇僶乕偵庢傝晅偗傜
傟偰偄傑偡丅

RS-232 偺怣崋揱憲偼丄懠偺懡偔偺捠怣婯奿傪巊偭偨怣崋揱憲傛傝傕偢偭偲婃忎
偱偡丅僺儞偺拞偵偼僔儑乕僩偟偰傕偐傑傢側偄僺儞傕偁傞偟丄偮側偑側偔偰傕
偄偄僺儞傕偁傝傑偡丅偁傞偄偼暋悢偺弌椡傪嬱摦偱偒傞僺儞傕偁傝傑偡丅

怣崋偺柤慜偼僨乕僞抂枛憰抲懁偐傜尒偨応崌偺柤慜偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅偱偡偐傜
丄 DTE 忋偺 "Transmit Data" 偼 DCE 忋偺 "Transmit Data" 偵偮側偑偭偰偄
傑偡丅 DTE 忋偺 "Transmit Data" 僺儞偼丄幚嵺偵僨乕僞傪揱憲偟傑偡丅偲偙
傠偑 DCE 忋偺 "Transmit Data" 僺儞偼丄幚嵺偼僨乕僞傪庴偗庢傞傫偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

11.2. 僐儞僜乕儖億乕僩丒儌僨儉娫偺働乕僽儖

RS-232 婯奿偼丄僐儞僺儏乕僞偲儌僨儉偺憡屳愙懕傪掕媊偟偰偄傑偡丅偱偡偐傜
丄偨傫偵婛惢昳偺働乕僽儖傪攦偭偰傕丄偙偙偱傑偢偄偙偲偑婲偙傞偙偲偼傎偲
傫偳偁傝傑偣傫丅働乕僽儖偵偼擇偮偺僞僀僾偑偁傝傑偡丅僐儞僺儏乕僞偵晅偄
偰偄傞丄昗弨揑側 25 僺儞 D 僞僀僾僐僱僋僞偑晅偄偨働乕僽儖偲丄 IBM PC/AT
傗丄懠偺懡偔偺僐儞僺儏乕僞偱巊偭偰偄傞丄愱梡偺 9 僺儞 D 僞僀僾僐僱僋僞
偑晅偄偨働乕僽儖偱偡丅働乕僽儖偵偼僞僀僩儖偑晅偄偰偍傝丄 RS-232 25 僺儞
僐儞僺儏乕僞 (DTE) 偐傜 25 僺儞儌僨儉 (DCE) 傊偲偐丄 RS-232 9 僺儞 IBM
PC/AT 僐儞僺儏乕僞 (DTE) 偐傜 25 僺儞儌僨儉 (DCE) 傊偲偄偆傛偆偵側偭偰
偄傑偡丅偨偄偰偄偺儌僨儉偵偼揔偟偨働乕僽儖偑晅懏偟偰偄傑偡丅

傕偟撈帺偺働乕僽儖傪嶌傞昁梫偑偁傞応崌丄巊偭偰偄傞僐儞僺儏乕僞偺 RS-232
僺儞攝抲偵偮偄偰偼丄 Serial-HOWTO [24] 傪嶲徠偟偰壓偝偄丅僐儞僺儏乕僞懁
偺 "Transmit Data" 傪儌僨儉懁偺 "Transmit Data" 偲寢慄偟丄僐儞僺儏乕僞
懁偺 "Receive Data" 偼儌僨儉忋偺 "Receive Data" 偲寢慄偟偰偔偩偝偄丅
"Signal Ground", "Clear to Send", "Ready to Send", "Data Set Ready",
"Data Terminal Ready", "Data Carrier Detect" 偵偮偄偰傕摨條偵偟偰壓偝偄
丅

愱梡偺僐儞僺儏乕僞儖乕儉偵愝抲偡傞応崌偼丄 RJ-45 偺僷僢僠僷僱儖傪捠偟偰
丄僔儕傾儖働乕僽儖傪攝慄偡傞傛偆偵峫椂偟偰壓偝偄丅 RJ-45 僐僱僋僞偺僺儞
攝抲偼堦斒揑側傕偺偑擇偮偁傝傑偡丅 Yost <http://yost.com/Computers/
RJ45-serial/> 偲 Cisco 2500-series console <http://www.cisco.com/warp/
public/701/14.html> 偱偡丅

僔乕儖僪柍偟偺僣僀僗僩儁傾働乕僽儖偺僺儞攝抲傪帺暘偱撈帺偵嶌傞応崌偼丄
"Signal Ground" 慄偲 "Transmit Data"慄丄偍傛傃傕偆堦杮偺 "Signal
Ground" 慄偲 "Receive Data" 慄傪丄偦傟偧傟妋幚偵傛傝崌傢偣偰偔偩偝偄丅
RS-232 偺怣崋偼暯峵揱憲偱偼偁傝傑偣傫偑丄偙偺傛偆偵傛傝崌傢偣傟偽丄寢壥
揑偵怣崋偺楎壔傗廍偆僲僀僘偺検偑嵟彫尷偵側傞偱偟傚偆丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

11.3. 僐儞僜乕儖億乕僩偲抂枛乮傑偨偼暿偺PC乯娫偺働乕僽儖

摿偵婯掕偟偰偄傞傢偗偱偼側偄偺偱偡偑丄 RS-232 婯奿偱偼丄娫偵儌僨儉傪偼
偝傑偢偵 2 戜偺僐儞僺儏乕僞傪憡屳愙懕偱偒傞傛偆偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅偙傟偵偼
乪僰儖儌僨儉乫 働乕僽儖偲偄偆摿暿側働乕僽儖偑昁梫偵側傝傑偡丅

僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖撪偺寢慄偼丄昁梫偲側傞僴儞僪僔僃乕僋偲惂屼怣崋偵傛偭
偰堎側傝傑偡丅惢憿嬈幰偑堘偊偽丄偙偺揰偵娭偡傞尒曽傕堘偄傑偡丅偱偡偐傜
丄寢慄恾偑晅懏偟偰偄側偄僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖偼攦傢側偄偱壓偝偄丅

Linux 偱偼丄僼儘乕惂屼偲儌僨儉惂屼偺奺怣崋慄偑丄偡傋偰惓偟偔寢慄偝傟偰
偄傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖偺惓偟偄寢慄偼丄 Figure 11-1 偲丄
傕偆堦偮 Figure 11-2 偵帵偟偰偁傝傑偡丅

Linux 偼 CTS 偲 RTS 傪巊偭偰僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪峴側偭偰丄抂枛偺僆乕僶乕儔
儞偐傜僐儞僺儏乕僞傪曐岇偟丄傑偨僐儞僺儏乕僞偺僆乕僶乕儔儞偐傜抂枛傪曐
岇偟偰偄傑偡丅 2 戜偺僐儞僺儏乕僞傪偮側偖偮傕傝側傜丄 CTS/RTS 偺僴儞僪
僔僃乕僋傪巊傢側偄偲丄怣棅惈偺崅偄僼傽僀儖揮憲偼偱偒傑偣傫丅

Linux 偼抂枛偑愙懕偝傟偰偄傞偙偲傪専抦偡傞偨傔偵丄 DSR 偲 DCD 傪巊偄傑
偡丅偦偺偁偲儘僌僀儞傪梫媮偟傑偡丅傕偟僙僢僔儑儞偑妋棫偟偰偄傞偲偒偵
DCD 偑棊偪傞偲丄Linux 偼儐乕僓乕傪儘僌傾僂僩偝偣傑偡丅

Linux 偼 DTR 傪巊偭偰丄儕儞僋傪嫮惂揑偵僋儕傾偟傑偡丅偙傟偼儐乕僓乕偑儘
僌僆僼偟偰丄捠怣僠儍儞僱儖傪夝曻偟偨屻偵峴側偄傑偡丅

僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖偼丄 Figure 11-1 偲 Figure 11-2 偺丄偳偪傜偺僨僓僀儞
偱傕丄Linux 僇乕僱儖偺梫審偵崌偄傑偡丅偟偐偟丄椉曽偺僐儞僺儏乕僞偑墦妘
抧偵偁傞応崌偼丄 Figure 11-2 偺曽偑庒姳椙偄偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅偲偄偆偺偼丄
僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖偺偳偪傜懁偵寚娮偑偁傞偺偐傪丄 DSR 偲 DCD 偺僗僥乕僩
偺堘偄傪巊偭偰寛傔傜傟傞偐傜偱偡丅

僰儖儌僨儉偺愝寁偵偼偡傋偰丄嫟捠偺寚娮偑偁傝傑偡丅儘乕僇儖僐儞僺儏乕僞
偑 "Data Terminal Ready" 傪棊偲偟偰丄儘乕僇儖儌僨儉傪儕僙僢僩偟偨屻丄儌
僨儉偲憡屳愙懕偟偰偄傞僐儞僺儏乕僞偑 "Data Set Ready" 傪憡摉側帪娫棊偲
偟偰偟傑偆偺偱偡丅偟偐偟傎偲傫偳偺僜僼僩僂僃傾偼丄儌僨儉儕儞僋偲僰儖儌
僨儉儕儞僋偺娫偺丄偙偺庒姳偺嵎堎傪挷惍偡傞傛偆偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅

僙僉儏儕僥傿忋廳梫側忣曬偑柍杊旛偵側傝丄怣棅偑戝偒偔懝側傢傟偰偟傑偆偺
偼丄 Figure 11-3 傗 Figure 11-4丄偦傟偵 Figure 11-5 偱帵偟偰偄傞働乕僽
儖傪偼偠傔偲偟偰丄僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖偺寢慄偑娫堘偭偰偄傞応崌偱偡丅

Figure 11-1. 僗僥乕僞僗偲僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪姰慡偵偟偨僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖

      Signal ground ---------------------- Signal ground               
                                                                       
       Receive data ---------------------- Transmit data               
                                                                       
      Transmit data ---------------------- Receive data                
                                                                       
      Ready to send ---------------------- Clear to send               
                                                                       
      Clear to send ---------------------- Ready to send               
                                                                       
Data terminal ready -----------------+---- Data carrier detect         
                                     |                                 
                                     +---- Data set ready              
                                                                       
Data carrier detect ----+----------------- Data terminal ready         
                        |                                              
     Data set ready ----+                                              
    Ring indication -- 枹巊梡                                          
                                                                       
                                 枹巊梡 -- Ring indication             

Figure 11-2. 僗僥乕僞僗偲僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪姰慡偵偟偨暿僶乕僕儑儞偺僰儖儌
僨儉働乕僽儖

      Signal ground ---------------------- Signal ground               
                                                                       
       Receive data ---------------------- Transmit data               
                                                                       
      Transmit data ---------------------- Receive data                
                                                                       
      Ready to send ---------------------- Clear to send               
                                                                       
      Clear to send ---------------------- Ready to send               
                                                                       
Data terminal ready ----+----------------- Data carrier detect         
                        |                                              
     Data set ready ----+                                              
                                                                       
                                     +---- Data set ready              
                                     |                                 
Data carrier detect ----+------------+---- Data terminal ready         
                                                                       
                                                                       
    Ring indication -- 枹巊梡                                          
                                                                       
                                 枹巊梡 -- Ring indication             

偁偄偵偔丄偡傋偰偺 Linux 偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偑丄 Linux 僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔
僗僥儉偱昁梫偵側傞丄惂屼怣崋傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傞傢偗偱偼偁傝傑偣傫丅偙偺
婏柇側帠懺偺偣偄偱丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偵僐儅儞僪傪弌偡昁梫偑偁傞応崌丄惂屼
怣崋偲僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪巭傔偞傞傪摼側偄偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅

偦傫側応崌偵丄RS-232 偺僴儞僪僔僃僀僋傪偝偣側偄傛偆偵偡傞曽朄偑擇偮偁傝
傑偡丅僜僼僩僂僃傾偵傛傞曽朄偲僴乕僪僂僃傾偵傛傞曽朄偱偡丅

儌僨儉偑晅偄偰偄傞応崌丄尰帪揰偱偺嵟椙偺僥僋僯僢僋偼丄 AT 僐儅儞僪傪巊
偭偰儌僨儉偺僜僼僩僂僃傾傪愝掕偟丄惂屼怣崋偲僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪柍岠偵偡傞
偙偲偱偡丅偙偆偡傟偽丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺嶌幰偑僔儕傾儖愙懕偺僒億乕僩撪梕
傪廋惓偡傞嵺偵丄僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪廋暅偱偒傞傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅

僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖偵娭偟偰偼丄巊偭偰偄傞抂枛僄儈儏儗乕僞僜僼僩僂僃傾偱
丄僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪柍岠偵偡傞偺偑嵟椙偺傗傝曽偱偡丅

僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖偵娭偟偰嵟埆偺応崌偼丄僴儞僪僔僃乕僋偲惂屼怣崋傪夵憿
偟偰偄傞働乕僽儖偑昁梫偵側傝傑偡丅杮斣娐嫬偱偼丄偙偺傛偆側働乕僽儖偼巊
傢側偄傛偆偵偟偰壓偝偄丅

Figure 11-3. 僗僥乕僞僗偲僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪夵憿偟偨僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖

      Signal ground ---------------------- Signal ground               
                                                                       
       Receive data ---------------------- Transmit data               
                                                                       
      Transmit data ---------------------- Receive data                
                                                                       
Data terminal ready ---+              +--- Data terminal ready         
                       |              |                                
      Clear to send ---+              +--- Clear to send               
                       |              |                                
Data carrier detect ---+              +--- Data terminal ready         
                       |              |                                
     Data set ready ---+              +--- Data set ready              
                                                                       
      Ready to send -- 枹巊梡                                          
                                                                       
                                 枹巊梡 -- Ready to send               
                                                                       
    Ring indication -- 枹巊梡                                          
                                                                       
                                 枹巊梡 -- Ring indication             

偍偦傜偔僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偭偰丄僇乕僱儖偺 oops 儊僢僙乕僕傪曔懆偡
傞偨傔偱偡偑丄傗偭偮偗巇帠偱傕椙偄偺側傜丄偄偔偮偐偺 getty 僾儘僌儔儉偺
愝掕偱丄 RS-232 偺僗僥乕僞僗怣崋傪柍帇偡傞傛偆偵傕偱偒傑偡丅椺偊偽丄
mgetty 偵偼丄 mgetty.conf 偵 direct 僆僾僔儑儞偑偁傝傑偡丅偙偺応崌偼丄3
恈偐 2 恈偺 RS-232 僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖偑偁傟偽偄偄偺偱偡丅

Figure 11-4. 僗僥乕僞僗傕僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傕側偄僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖

Signal ground ---------------------- Signal ground                     
                                                                       
 Receive data ---------------------- Transmit data                     
                                                                       
Transmit data ---------------------- Receive data                      

Figure 11-5. 僗僥乕僞僗傕僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傕側偄曅曽岦偺僰儖儌僨儉働乕僽儖

Signal ground ---------------------- Signal ground                     
                                                                       
Transmit data ---------------------- Receive data                      

杮斣娐嫬偱偼丄偙偆偄偭偨働乕僽儖偼巊梡偟側偄偱壓偝偄

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

11.4. 僔儕傾儖働乕僽儖偺嶌惉

儔僢僋偵媗傔崬傫偩僐儞僺儏乕僞偱僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偆応崌偼丄嵟廔揑
偵偼僰儖儌僨儉偺僔儕傾儖働乕僽儖傪壗杮傕嶌傞偙偲偵側傝傑偡丅偙偺僙僋僔
儑儞偵偼丄僔儕傾儖働乕僽儖傪嶌傞忋偱僸儞僩偵側傞偙偲偑偄偔偮偐嵹偣偰偁
傝傑偡丅 10 杮埲忋働乕僽儖傪嶌傞偮傕傝偱丄偟偐傕搒夛偵廧傫偱偄傞応崌偼
丄偨傇傫婥偑晅偔偱偟傚偆偑丄愱栧偺働乕僽儖惢憿嬈幰偱働乕僽儖傪嶌傜偣傞
曽偑宱嵪揑偱偡丅

RS-232 婯奿偱偼丄僔乕儖僪晅偒偺働乕僽儖傪丄嵟掅偱傕 15 儊乕僩儖嬱摦偱偒
傑偡丅傕偭偲惓妋偵尵偊偽丄 RS-232 偺儔僀儞僪儔僀僶偼 2500 僺僐僼傽儔僢
僪傑偱偺僉儍僷僔僞儞僗偵懳偟偰摦嶌偟傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄掅僉儍僷僔僞儞僗偺
働乕僽儖傪慖傋偽丄嬱摦嫍棧偼傕偭偲墑偽偣傑偡丅

椺偊偽丄ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A 偺僔乕儖僪柍偟僣僀僗僩儁傾偺僇僥僑儕 5 働乕
僽儖偱偼丄僉儍僷僔僞儞僗偼嵟戝偱丄1 儊乕僩儖偁偨傝 55pF 偵側偭偰偄傑偡
丅偱偡偐傜丄偙偺堦斒揑側 乬UTP cat 5乭 働乕僽儖偩偲丄45 儊乕僩儖傑偱埨
慡偵嬱摦偱偒傑偡丅偦傟埲忋偺応崌偼丄働乕僽儖偺嵟戝挿偱偁傞栺 50 儊乕僩
儖偱丄幚嵺偺 乬僔儍儞僩僉儍僷僔僞儞僗乭 乮堦斒揑側悢抣偼 47.5 pF/m乯偑
偳偆側偭偰偄傞偐傪丄働乕僽儖偺惢憿嬈幰偺巇條偱妋擣偟偰偔偩偝偄丅偟偐偟
RS-232 偺怣崋偼暯峵揱憲偱偼側偄偺偱丄僔乕儖僪柍偟偺働乕僽儖傪挿偔墑偽偡
偲丄娙扨偵僲僀僘傪廍偭偰偟傑偄傑偡丅働乕僽儖偺惢憿嬈幰偵傛偭偰偼丄掅僉
儍僷僔僞儞僗偺僔乕儖僪晅偒働乕僽儖傪斕攧偟偰偍傝丄偙傟傪巊偊偽 100 儊乕
僩儖傑偱嬱摦偱偒傑偡丅

働乕僽儖攝慄偺巇曽傪岺晇偟偰丄僲僀僘偑嵟掅偵側傞傛偆偵偟偰偔偩偝偄丅
BIOS 傗僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺懡偔偼丄儔僀儞僲僀僘偱壗偐堦暥帤庴怣偟偰偟傑偆偲
丄塱媣偵懸偪忬懺偵側偭偰偟傑偄傑偡丅

巇條埲忋偺巊偄曽傪偟偰偄傞偙偲偵丄壗偺晄埨傕姶偠偰偄側偔偰傕丄怱偵棷傔
偰偍偄偰傎偟偄偙偲偑偁傝傑偡丅 RS-232 婯奿偑丄傕偲傕偲偼摨婜 48kbps 偱
摦嶌偡傞傛偆偵愝寁偝傟偨傕偺偱丄働乕僽儖偺昁梫忦審偵偙偺偙偲偑斀塮偝傟
偰偄傞偺偱偡丅婇嬈偺僱僢僩儚乕僋僆儁儗乕僞偺宱尡偵傛傟偽丄價儖撪偱僗僩
儔僋僠儍乕僪働乕僽儕儞僌傪儗僀傾僂僩偡傞嵺偺惂尷偵側傞偺偼丄僇僥僑儕 5
偺働乕僽儖傪巊偭偨丄僼傽乕僗僩僀乕僒僱僢僩偺嵟戝挿偑 100 儊乕僩儖偩偲偄
偆偙偲偱偟偨丅僇僥僑儕 5 働乕僽儖傪巊偭偨 9600bps 偺 RS-232 旕摨婜怣崋
偱払惉偟偰偄傞丄幚嵺偺嫍棧偱偼側偐偭偨傫偱偡丅

傕偭偲嫍棧傪墑偽偟偨偄応崌偼丄RS-232 偺儔僀儞僪儔僀僶傪巊偭偰壓偝偄丅偙
偆偡傟偽丄僇僥僑儕 3 偺 UTP 働乕僽儖偱丄堦斒偵 2000 儊乕僩儖傑偱嬱摦偱
偒傑偡丅偝傜偵墑挿偟偨偗傟偽丄岝働乕僽儖儌僨儉傗峀堟揹榖栐丄儌僶僀儖揹
榖栐丄塹惎捠怣丄偁傞偄偼柍慄傪峫椂偟偰壓偝偄丅

偦偺娐嫬偵崅廃攇僲僀僘偑廩枮偟偰偄傞応崌偼丄僔乕儖僪晅偒偺働乕僽儖偲僐
僱僋僞傪巊偭偰壓偝偄丅働乕僽儖偺僔乕儖僪傪堦曽偺抂偺僐儞僺儏乕僞偵愙懕
偟傑偡丅偙傟偼僔乕儖僪偺僪儗僀儞儚僀儎傪丄乮傕偟偁傟偽乯 "曐埨梡僌儔儞
僪" 偵愙抧偡傞偐丄偁傞偄偼偦偺僪儗僀儞儚僀儎傪僐僱僋僞乕偺儃僨傿偵敿揷
晅偗偡傟偽偱偒傑偡丅偦傟偱傕傑偩僲僀僘偑憡摉検偁傞応崌偼丄偦偺働乕僽儖
偺椉抂傪丄僔乕儖僪偟偨働乕僽儖偺忋偐傜丄僼僃儔僀僩僐傾偱暍偭偰壓偝偄丅
偦傟偐傜丄働乕僽儖傪惓偟偄挿偝偵偟偰丄 D 僐僱僋僞傪僔儍乕僔偵偟偭偐傝偹
偠棷傔偡傞偲偄偆丄晛捠偺惓偟偄姷椺偵廬偭偰偔偩偝偄丅

偙偆偄偭偨働乕僽儖偺偳傟偐傪嶌傞偮傕傝偱丄偟偐傕敿揷晅偗偺媄検偑偁傟偽
丄 DB9 傗丄偁傞偄偼 DB25 偺僶僢僋僔僃儖偵偁傞怣崋慄傪僕儍儞僷乕偱旘偽偡
偺傕娙扨偵偱偒傑偡丅

戝検偺働乕僽儖傪嶌傞偮傕傝側傜丄敿揷晅偗傛傝傕埑拝僔僗僥儉偺曽偑偢偭偲
懍偔偱偒傑偡丅孞傝曉偟偵側傝傑偡偑丄僺儞傪僕儍儞僷乕偱旘偽偡偺偼丄僶僢
僋僔僃儖偺撪晹偱偱偒傞傫偱偡丅

偳傫側傕偺傪巊偆偵偟偰傕丄僥僗僞乕偱掞峈傪應傝丄抐慄傗慄娫抁棈傪僠僃僢
僋偟偰偔偩偝偄丅偙偙偱1暘働僠傞偲丄偁偲偱悢帪娫楺旓偡傞偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅

僗僩儔僋僠儍乕僪働乕僽儕儞僌僔僗僥儉偱偼丄 DB9/RJ-45 僶僢僋僔僃儖撪偺僗
儁乕僗偼嫹偄偱偡丅偱偡偐傜丄僷僢僠僷僱儖偺棤偱僕儍儞僷乕傪旘偽偡偲傕偭
偲偆傑偔偄偒傑偡丅 DB9/RJ-45 僐僱僋僞偼丄 DB9 僐僱僋僞偱偼 IBM PC 偺僺
儞攝抲側偭偰偍傝丄 RJ-45 僐僱僋僞偱偼丄 Yost 偁傞偄偼 Cisco 偺僺儞攝抲
偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆      僗僩儔僋僠儍乕僪働乕僽儕儞僌僔僗僥儉偱椉棫偟側偄僨僶僀僗      劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆僗僩儔僋僠儍乕僪働乕僽儕儞僌僔僗僥儉傪僷僢僠偡傞応崌丄 RS-232 僨僶僀劆
劆僗摨巑傪愙懕偡傞傛偆拲堄偟偰壓偝偄丅懠偺偼偨傇傫丄僀乕僒僱僢僩傗    劆
劆ISDN丄揹榖丄傾儔乕儉丄偦傟偵 DC 偺揹尮揹埑傪揱憲偟偰偄傞働乕僽儖偩偲劆
劆巚偄傑偡偐傜丄屳姺惈偺側偄揹埑傪偮側偄偱偟傑偆偲憰抲偑夡傟偰偟傑偆偐劆
劆傕抦傟傑偣傫丅                                                      劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 12. 儌僨儉偺愝掕

12.1. Minicom 傪巊偭偰儌僨儉偵僐儅儞僪傪憲傞

Minicom 偼僼儖僗僋儕乕儞偺僔儕傾儖抂枛僄儈儏儗乕僞僷僢働乕僕偱丄 MS-DOS
梡偺屆偄 Telix 抂枛僄儈儏儗乕僞偵旕忢偵椙偔帡偰偄傑偡丅

傑偢丄師偺僐儅儞僪傪巊偭偰丄愝掕儌乕僪偱 Minicom 傪婲摦偟傑偡丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆bash# minicom -o -s                                                 劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偡傞偲埲壓偺儊僯儏乕偑尰傟傑偡丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆Filenames and paths                                                 劆
劆File transfer protocols                                             劆
劆Serial port setup                                                   劆
劆Modem and dialing                                                   劆
劆Screen and keyboard                                                 劆
劆Save setup as dfl                                                   劆
劆Save setup as..                                                     劆
劆Exit                                                                劆
劆Exit from Minicom                                                   劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偙偙偱丄Serial port setup 傪慖傃丄愝掕偟傑偡丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆A - Serial Device: /dev/ttyS0                                       劆
劆B - Lockfile Location: /var/lock                                    劆
劆C - Callin Program:                                                 劆
劆D - Callout Program:                                                劆
劆E - Bps/Par/Bits: 9600 8N1                                          劆
劆F - Hardware Flow Control: Yes                                      劆
劆G - Software Flow Control: No                                       劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偱偼丄愝掕傪曐懚偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆Give name to save this configuration?                               劆
劆> console                                                           劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偦偟偰 Minicom 傪廔椆偟傑偡丅

儌僨儉傪愝掕偡傞偵偼丄 minicom -o console 僐儅儞僪傪巊偭偰丄儌僨儉傪弶
婜壔偡傞暥帤楍傪憲弌偣偢偵 Minicom 傪棫偪忋偘傑偡丅偱偼 AT 僐儅儞僪傪弌
偟偰儌僨儉傪愝掕偟傑偟傚偆丅

愝掕偑廔椆偟偨傜丄Quit 僆僾僔儑儞傪巊偭偰丄儌僨儉偵儕僙僢僩暥帤楍傪憲傜
偢偵 Minicom 傪廔椆偟傑偡丅偙偺僆僾僔儑儞偼 Alt-Q 偱偡丅

Minicom 偼 Alt 偱偼側偔丄 Ctrl-A 傪巊偭偰儊僯儏乕僔僗僥儉偵傾僋僙僗偡傞
偙偲偑偲偒偳偒偁傝傑偡丅埲壓偺傛偆側 Minicom 偺僗僞乕僩傾僢僾儊僢僙乕僕
偱僸儞僩傪扵偟偰壓偝偄丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆Press ALT-Z for help on special keys                                劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys                             劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.2. 僟儉儌僨儉傪愝掕偡傞

戝敿偺 UNIX 儔僀僋側僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偲摨偠傛偆偵丄 Linux 偼僔儕
傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偑丄僟儉儌僨儉偵偮側偑偭偰偄傞傕偺偲巚偭偰偄傑偡丅僟儉儌
僨儉偼嵟嬤偼偁傑傝尒偐偗傑偣傫丅尒偐偗傞偲偡傟偽丄偨傇傫 ISDN 偺僞乕儈
僫儖傾僟僾僞傗丄偁傞偄偼塹惎夞慄偺抧忋抂枛偲偄偭偨丄晽曄傢傝側僴乕僪僂
僃傾偩偗偱偟傚偆丅

僟儉儌僨儉偼僴乕僪僂僃傾傪巊偭偰愝掕偟傑偡丅 Figure 12-1 偵偼丄壖憐偺僟
儉儌僨儉偺僼儘儞僩僷僱儖傪帵偟偰偄傑偡丅幚嵺偼丄懍搙偲儌乕僪偺愝掕偵偼
丄僕儍儞僷乕傗 DIP 僗僀僢僠傪巊偆傛偆偱偡丅

Figure 12-1. 僟儉儌僨儉偺僼儘儞僩僷僱儖

+-----------------------------+                                        
|                             |                                        
|    SPEED       MODE         |                                        
|  [ ]  300    [ ] Originate  |                                        
|  [ ]  600    [X] Answer     |                                        
|  [ ] 2400                   |                                        
|  [X] 9600                   |                                        
|                             |                                        
+-----------------------------+                                        

儌僨儉偺懍搙偼昁梫側價僢僩儗乕僩偵愝掕偟傑偡丅偙偺椺偱偼 9600 bps 偱偡
丅儌僨儉偺儌乕僪偼 "Answer" 偵愝掕偟傑偡丅偮傑傝丄拝怣傪懸偪丄偦偟偰偦
偺拝怣偵墳摎偡傞偺偱偡丅

RS-232 偺惂屼儔僀儞偱偁傞 "Data Terminal Ready" 偑棊偪偰偄傞偲丄儌僨儉
偼拝怣偟偨揹榖偵偼墳偊傑偣傫丅僐儞僺儏乕僞偺揹尮偑愗傟偰偄傞偲偐丄偁傞
偄偼僐儞僺儏乕僞偺僔儕傾儖僀儞僞僼僃乕僗偑丄傑偩弶婜壔偝傟偰偄側偄偺偱
偡丅 DTR 偑忋偑偭偰偟傑偊偽丄儌僨儉偼拝怣偡傞揹榖偵墳偊傑偡丅

揹榖偑拝怣偟愙懕偑妋棫偝傟偰偟傑偊偽丄儌僨儉偼 "Data Carrier Detect" 惂
屼儔僀儞傪忋偘傑偡丅 DCD 偑忋偑偭偰偄傞帪偵庴怣偟偨僨乕僞偩偗偑桳岠偵側
傝傑偡乮DCD 偑傾僒乕僩偝傟偰偄側偄帪偵僟儉儌僨儉偐傜庴怣偟偨僨乕僞偼丄
偍偦傜偔儔僀儞僲僀僘偱偡乯丅偦偟偰丄DCD 偑忋偑偭偰偄傞帪偩偗丄憲怣僨乕
僞偑儕儞僋傪捠偠偰揱憲偝傟傑偡丅

Linux 僐儞僺儏乕僞偺 getty 偼丄 DCD 偑忋偑偭偰偔傞偺傪偢偭偲懸偭偰偄偨
偺偱丄 getty 偼儐乕僓乕傪婌傫偱寎偊丄儘僌僀儞傪梫媮偟傑偡丅

儐乕僓乕偑儘僌僀儞偟偰僨乕僞偑棳傟傞堦曽偱丄儌僨儉偲僐儞僺儏乕僞偺娫偱
"Clear to Send" 偲 "Ready to Send" 傪巊偄丄僨乕僞偺憲弌偑憗夁偓側偄傛偆
偵偟偰偄傑偡丅暥帤傪庴偗偲傞帪娫偑柍偄傎偳僐儞僺儏乕僞偑朲偟偄応崌丄僐
儞僺儏乕僞偼 "Clear to Send" 傪棊偲偟傑偡丅媡偵儌僨儉偑朲偟夁偓偰暥帤傪
庴偗偲傟側偄応崌偼丄儌僨儉偑 "Ready to Send" 傪棊偲偟傑偡丅

儐乕僓乕偑揹榖傪愗傞偲丄"Data Carrier Detect" 偑棊偪丄偦偺拝怣偟偰偄傞
僙僢僔儑儞偵娭學偡傞偡傋偰偺僾儘僙僗偵丄僴儞僌傾僢僾僔僌僫儖偑憲傜傟傑
偡丅

偁傞偄偼儐乕僓乕偑儘僌傾僂僩偟偰傕偐傑偄傑偣傫丅僔僃儖偑巰偸偲丄僐儞僺
儏乕僞偼 "Data Terminal Ready" 傪棊偲偟丄偦偺寢壥儌僨儉偑僴儞僌傾僢僾偟
傑偡丅 getty 偑嵞搙 "Data Terminal Ready" 傪忋偘傞偲丄儌僨儉偼拝怣傪庴
偗晅偗傑偡丅

"Data Set Ready" 偵偮偄偰偼傑偩愢柧偟偰偄傑偣傫偱偟偨丅偙偺儔僀儞偼儌僨
儉偺揹尮偑愗傟偰偄偨傝丄儌僨儉偑傑偩弶婜壔偝傟偰偄側偄応崌偵棊偪傑偡丅
DSR 偑棊偪偰偄傞帪偼丄懠偺怣崋偼偡傋偰枹掕媊忬懺偱偡丅椺偊偽丄DSR 偑棊
偪偰偄傞忬懺偱丄 DCD 偑 "僼儘乕僩偟偰" 忋偑偭偨応崌丄僜僼僩僂僃傾偼丄
DCD 偑傾僒乕僩偝傟偰偄側偄偲偄偆憐掕偱丄摦嶌偡傞傛偆偵偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.3. AT 僐儅儞僪偱儌僨儉傪愝掕偡傞

崱偱偼丄偨偄偰偄偺儌僨儉偼僿僀僘儌僨儉偲偦偺僐儅儞僪僙僢僩偵婎偯偔丄僗
儅乕僩儌僨儉偱偡丅偟偐偟愭偵榑偠偨傛偆偵丄 Linux 偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偼
丄僟儉儌僨儉偱摦嶌偡傞傛偆偵愝寁偝傟偰偄傑偡丅

偟偨偑偭偰丄僗儅乕僩儌僨儉傪僟儉儌僨儉偲摨偠偵側傞傑偱丄婡擻傪棊偲偟傑
偡丅崅壙側儌僨儉偺拞偵偼丄DIP 僗僀僢僠傗丄儃乕僪僕儍儞僷乕偑偁傝丄偦傟
傜傪巊偭偰僟儉儌乕僪偵偡傞傕偺傕偁傝傑偡丅

偦偺儌僨儉偺 AT 僐儅儞僪傪夝愢偟偰偄傞儅僯儏傾儖偼昁実偱偡丅偨偄偰偄偺
儌僨儉偼丄傛傝堦斒揑側 AT 僐儅儞僪偱偼堦抳偟偰偄傑偡偑丄傕偭偲愱栧揑側
僐儅儞僪偵娭偟偰偼堘偭偰偄傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.3.1. 億乕僩懍搙傪愝掕偡傞

僿僀僘偺 AT 屳姺儌僨儉偱偼丄揹榖偟偰偄傞儌僨儉偑偳傫側懍搙傪巊偭偰偄偰
傕丄僐儞僺儏乕僞丒儌僨儉娫偼堦掕偺懍搙傪堐帩偱偒傑偡丅

傎偲傫偳偺儌僨儉偱偼丄揹尮搳擖屻嵟弶偵庴怣偡傞暥帤偺懍搙偵婎偯偄偰丄帺
摦揑偵偙偺懍搙傪愝掕偟傑偡丅

偦偙偱丄儌僨儉偺揹尮傪愗傝丄傑偨偡偖偵揹尮傪擖傟偰壓偝偄丅偦偟偰 
minicom -o console 僐儅儞僪偱偦偺儌僨儉偵愙懕偟偰偔偩偝偄丅偦傟偐傜 
Enter 傪壗夞偐墴偟傑偡丅偙傟偱儌僨儉偼 Minicom 偑巊偭偰偄傞偺偲摨偠價僢
僩儗乕僩偱摦嶌偟傑偡丅偙偺懍搙偼丄Section 12.1 偱丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偵
愝掕偟偨懍搙偱偡丅

儌僨儉偵側偵偐傪弌椡偡傞傛偆梫媮偡傟偽丄億乕僩偺懍搙偼妋擣偱偒傑偡丅

Figure 12-2. 儌僨儉偺億乕僩懍搙傪挷傋傞

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆bash# minicom -o console                                            劆
劆Welcome to minicom                                                  劆
劆Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys                             劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆Enter Enter Enter                                                   劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆ATI Enter                                                           劆
劆56k V.90 Series 3 External V2.20                                    劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆Ctrl-A Q                                                            劆
劆Leave without reset? Yes                                            劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

儌僨儉偵傛偭偰偼億乕僩懍搙傪嵞愝掕偡傞 AT 僐儅儞僪偑偁傝傑偡丅偍巊偄偺
儌僨儉偺儅僯儏傾儖偱丄AT&B1 僐儅儞僪傪偪傚偭偲挷傋偰傒偰偔偩偝偄丅傑偨
柧帵揑偵億乕僩懍搙傪愝掕偡傞僐儅儞僪偑偁傞儌僨儉傕偁傞偺偱丄儌僨儉偺儅
僯儏傾儖偱丄偞偭偲 ATB 僐儅儞僪傪挷傋偰傒偰偔偩偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.3.2. 傾儞僒乕儌乕僪傪愝掕偡傞

ATS0=2 僐儅儞僪傪巊偊偽丄儌僨儉偼 2 夞栚偺屇弌壒偱拝怣偵墳偊傑偡丅

揹榖夛幮偵傛偭偰偼丄1 夞栚偺屇弌壒偱墳偊傞偲丄儌僨儉傪幆暿偱偒側偔側傞
応崌偑偁傞偺偱丄偦偺傛偆側愝掕偵偼偟側偄偱壓偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.3.3. CTS/RTS 偺僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪愝掕偡傞

CTS/RTS 偺僴儞僪僔僃乕僋傪巊偆偲丄暥帤棊偪偟側偔側傝傑偡丅

AT&K3 偑偦偺 AT 僐儅儞僪偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.3.4. "Data Carrier Detect" 傪愝掕偡傞

"Data Carrier Detect" 偼丄揹榖偟偰偄傞儌僨儉偺桳柍偵廬偆傛偆偵偟偰偔偩
偝偄丅

偙偺 AT 僐儅儞僪偼 AT&C1 偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.3.5. "Data Terminal Ready" 傪愝掕偡傞

儌僨儉偼 "Data Terminal Ready" 偑惂屼偡傞傛偆偵偟偰偔偩偝偄丅傕偟 DTR
偑忋偑偭偰偄傟偽丄偦偺儌僨儉偼拝怣傪庴偗晅偗傞忬懺偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅 DTR
偑棊偪偰偄傞応崌偼丄偦傟埲忋偼偳偺傛偆側拝怣傕庴偗晅偗側偄傛偆偵偟丄婛
偵拝怣偟偰偄傞応崌偼丄偄偢傟傕僴儞僌傾僢僾偝偣偰偔偩偝偄丅

偙偺 AT 僐儅儞僪偼 AT&D2 偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.3.6. CONNECT 儊僢僙乕僕傪弌偝側偄傛偆偵愝掕偡傞

僿僀僘偺 AT 屳姺儌僨儉偼丄拝怣偡傞偲晛捠偼儊僢僙乕僕傪弌椡偟傑偡丅椺偊
偽師偺傛偆側傕偺偱偡丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆CONNECT 9600                                                        劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

儌僨儉偵偼偙偆偄偭偨儊僢僙乕僕弌椡傪柍岠偵偡傞丄 乪quiet mode乫 偑偁傝
傑偡丅

偙偺 AT 僐儅儞僪偼 ATQ1 偱偡丅偙偺僐儅儞僪偵懳墳偡傞墳摎偺 OK 偼昞帵偝
傟傑偣傫丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.3.7. 僐儅儞僪傪僄僐乕僶僢僋偟側偄傛偆偵愝掕偡傞

僐儅儞僪偺僄僐乕傪曉偡偲僐儞僜乕儖偑崿棎偡傞偙偲偑偁傝傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄
僐儅儞僪偺僄僐乕僶僢僋偼柍岠偵偟偰壓偝偄丅

偙偺 AT 僐儅儞僪偼 ATE0 偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.3.8. 惷偐偵愙懕偡傞傛偆偵愝掕偡傞

傎偲傫偳偺儌僨儉偵偼僗僺乕僇乕偑偁傝傑偡丅僨僼僅儖僩偱偼丄儌僨儉偑愙懕
拞偱偟偐傕堦斒揑側僾儘僩僐儖偲懍搙偱僱僑僔僄乕僩偟偰偄傞娫偼丄僗僺乕僇
乕偐傜壒偑弌懕偗偰偄傑偡丅偙偆偟偰偍偗偽丄娫堘偊偰壗搙傕恖傪屇偽偢偵嵪
傓偺偱丄敪怣偟偰偄傞儌僨儉偵偲偭偰偼旕忢偵栶棫偪傑偡丅偟偐偟丄儌僨儉偑
墳摎拞偺応崌偼丄僗僺乕僇乕偺壒偑幾杺偵側傞偙偲偑偁傝傑偡丅

傕偭偲惷偐側僐儞僺儏乕僞儖乕儉偑偍朷傒側傜丄 ATM0 僐儅儞僪傪巊偭偰僗僺
乕僇傪愗偭偰壓偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.3.9. 僆僾僔儑儞偱丄DTR 偺抶墑傪愝掕偡傞

RS-232 傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傞敿摫懱偑儕僙僢僩偝傟傞偲丄 "Data Terminal
Ready" 偑棊偪丄偙偺偨傔丄儌僨儉偑僴儞僌傾僢僾偟偰偟傑偄傑偡丅偙傟偵偼偄
傜偮偔偙偲偑偁傝傑偡丅傕偟 mgetty 偺 toggle-dtr-waittime 偲帡偨僷儔儊乕
僞傪丄 getty 偱傕僒億乕僩偟偰偄傟偽丄儌僨儉偑 DTR 傪柍帇偡傞帪娫傪墑挿
偱偒傑偡丅嫮惂揑偵僴儞僌傾僢僾偝偣傞偨傔偵丄 getty 偑 DTR 傪棊偲偟偨傑
傑偵偟偰偍偔帪娫傪丄儌僨儉偵愝掕偟偨抣埲忋偵墑挿偡傞傢偗偱偡丅寢壥揑偵
偼丄偙偺敿摫懱傪儕僙僢僩偟偰傕丄儌僨儉偼僴儞僌傾僢僾偟側偔側傝傑偡偑丄
偦傟偱傕儘僌僀儞僙僢僔儑儞偺廔傝偵 getty 偑儌僨儉傪僴儞僌傾僢僾偝偣傞壜
擻惈偼偁傝傑偡丅

偱偡偐傜偍巊偄偺儌僨儉偺僪僉儏儊儞僩傪挷傋偰偔偩偝偄丅偙偺椺偺儌僨儉偱
偼丄 S 儗僕僗僞 25 傪巊偭偰丄 DTR 偺曄壔傪専抦偡傞偟偒偄抣傪擖傟偰偄傑
偡丅偙偺抣偼 100 暘偺 1 昩扨埵偱偡丅儌僨儉傪 ATS25=150 (1.5 昩) 偵愝掕
偟丄偝傜偵 mgetty 偵 toggle-dtr-waittime 2000 (2 昩) 偲愝掕偡傞偙偲偱丄
DTR 偺弖娫揑側掅壓傪柍帇偡傞傛偆偵偟傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.3.10. 傾僥儞僔儑儞僔乕働儞僗傪柍岠偵偡傞傛偆愝掕偡傞

儌僨儉傪惓偟偔愝掕偟偰弴挷偵摦嶌偟偰偄傟偽丄儌僨儉偺僐儅儞僪儌乕僪偵傾
僋僙僗偱偒傞傛偆偵偡傞丄 +++ 僔乕働儞僗傪柍岠偵偟偰壓偝偄丅

偙偺 AT 僐儅儞僪偼 ATS2=255 偱偡丅

偨傑偨傑偙偺僐儅儞僪傪幚峴偟偰偟傑偭偨応崌偼丄 Section 12.3.12傪尒偰丄
偦偺儌僨儉傪岺応弌壸帪偺僨僼僅儖僩僷儔儊乕僞偵儕僙僢僩偟偰丄嵞婲摦偟偰
壓偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.3.11. 愝掕椺

Figure 12-3. AT 僐儅儞僪傪巊偭偰儌僨儉傪愝掕偡傞

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆bash# minicom -o console                                            劆
劆Welcome to minicom                                                  劆
劆Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys                             劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆AT &F Enter                                                         劆
劆OK                                                                  劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆AT Z Enter                                                          劆
劆OK                                                                  劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆AT &C1 &D2 &K3 S0=2 M0 Enter                                        劆
劆OK                                                                  劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆AT E0 Q1 S2=255 &W Enter                                            劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆Alt-A Q                                                             劆
劆Leave without reset? Yes                                            劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.3.12. 儌僨儉傪儕僙僢僩偡傞

偙傟埲忋偺 AT 僐儅儞僪傪儌僨儉偵弌偡昁梫偑偁傞応崌偼丄堦扷儌僨儉偺揹尮
傪愗傝丄偦傟偐傜傑偨揹尮傪擖傟偰壓偝偄丅偙偆偡傟偽儌僨儉偼僐儅儞僪儌乕
僪偵側傞偼偢偱偡丅

偱偼師偺僐儅儞僪傪弌偟偰丄儌僨儉傪岺応弌壸帪愝掕偵栠偟偰傒傑偟傚偆丅

Figure 12-4. 僿僀僘偺 AT 屳姺儌僨儉傪儕僙僢僩偡傞丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆bash# minicom -o console                                            劆
劆Welcome to minicom                                                  劆
劆Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys                             劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆AT &F &Y0 &W &W1 Enter                                              劆
劆OK                                                                  劆
劆AT Z Enter                                                          劆
劆OK                                                                  劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆Alt-A Q                                                             劆
劆Leave without reset? Yes                                            劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

傕偟偙傟偑幐攕偟偨応崌偼丄儌僨儉偺愝掕儊儌儕傪僋儕傾偡傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡
丅偙偺庤弴偼儌僨儉偺惢憿嬈幰偵傛偭偰條乆偩偟丄偨傇傫儌僨儉傪暘夝偡傞昁
梫偑偁傞偱偟傚偆丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.4. 撪憼儌僨儉

撪憼儌僨儉偲偄偆偺偼丄婎杮揑偵偼 PC 偺僶僗僇乕僪偵儅僂儞僩偟偨丄奜晅偗
儌僨儉偲僔儕傾儖億乕僩偱偡丅偙傟傜偼揹尮偺嫙媼傕晄梫偩偟僔儍乕僔傕梫傜
側偄偺偱丄奜晅偗儌僨儉傛傝傕埨壙偱偡丅

撪憼儌僨儉偼丄儕儌乕僩偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傾僾儕働乕僔儑儞偱傕偪傖傫偲
摦嶌偟傑偡丅応強庁傝偟偰偄傞僒僀僩偵偁傞僐儞僺儏乕僞偵偼丄摿偵枺椡揑偱
偡丅偲偄偆偺偼丄偙傟傜偺僒僀僩偼丄愯桳僗儁乕僗偲揹婥偺徚旓検偵傛偭偰嬥
妟傪惪媮偟偰偄傞偐傜偱偡丅

偍巊偄偺撪憼儌僨儉偑丄揹尮偺愗傝乛擖傝傪偟偰傕丄偦偺愝掕傪曐帩偟偰偄傞
偙偲傪妋偐傔偰壓偝偄丅

偦傟偐傜丄撪憼儌僨儉偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偑巊偭偰偄傞丄妱傝崬傒儔僀儞偲億乕
僩傾僪儗僗嬻娫偑丄偦偺懠偺婛懚偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩偺傕偺偲丄嫞崌偟側偄偙偲
傪妋擣偟偰壓偝偄丅偁傞偄偼丄撪憼偺僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪柍岠偵偱偒傞偙偲傪妋
擣偟偰偔偩偝偄丅偦偆偡傟偽丄妱傝崬傒儔僀儞偲億乕僩傾僪儗僗嬻娫偑夝曻偝
傟偰丄撪憼儌僨儉偱偦傟傜傪巊偊傞傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅

撪憼儌僨儉傪 WinModem 偲崿摨偟側偄傛偆拲堄偟偰壓偝偄丅撪憼儌僨儉偵偼摿
暿側僨僶僀僗僪儔僀僶偼梫傝傑偣傫丅偦偺傑傑偱傕 Linux 偐傜偼昗弨揑側僔儕
傾儖億乕僩偵尒偊傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

12.5. WinModem

儌僨儉傪尒傞偲丄偦偙偵偼拞墰張棟憰抲偲愱梡偺僨僕僞儖僔僌僫儖僾儘僙僢僒
偑偁傝傑偡丅傑偨丄嵟嬤偺 PC 傪尒傞偲丄偦偙偵偼戝偒側 CPU 偑偁傝丄僒僂儞
僪儃乕僪偼斈梡偺 DSP 傪搵嵹偟偰偄傑偡丅曄偩偲巚偄傑偣傫偐丠奜晅偗儌僨儉
偲丄僴乕僪僂僃傾偑僟僽僢偰傑偡偗偳丄偦偆偟側偄偲偄偗側偄偺偱偟傚偆偐丠

乪WinModem乫 偲偄偆偺偼丄 PC 偺峔憿傪庒姳奼挘偟偰丄偦偺拞偵儌僨儉偺 CPU
偲 DSP 傪慻傒崬傫偩傕偺偱偡丅偦偆偄偆儌僨儉偼傕偲傕偲丄 Microsoft
Windows 偺僨僶僀僗僪儔僀僶傪慻傒崬傫偱弌壸偟偰偄傞傕偺偟偐側偐偭偨偺偱
丄 "WinModems" 偲偄偄傑偡丅偙傟傜偺僨僶僀僗僪儔僀僶偺偣偄偱丄
"WinModem" 偼僿僀僘偺 AT 屳姺儌僨儉偵僔儕傾儖億乕僩偑晅偄偰偄傞傕偺偩丄
偲偄偆嶖妎偑婲偒傑偟偨丅挿偄娫丄巊偊傞傕偺偲偄偊偽丄 Windows 斉偺僪儔僀
僶偟偐側偐偭偨偺偱偡丅偱傕崱偱偼 Linux 斉偺僨僶僀僗僪儔僀僶傕採嫙偟偰偄
傞嬈幰偑壗幮偐偁傝丄偦偺儌僨儉傪 乪LinModems乫 偲煭棊偰偄傑偡丅

LinModem 偼偨傇傫丄 Linux 偺僐儞僜乕儖偵巊偊傑偡丅昁梫側偺偼偣偄偤偄丄
僜乕僗僐乕僪傪曄峏偟偰丄偦偺儌僨儉偺 AT 僐儅儞僪僄儈儏儗乕僔儑儞傪僟儉
壔偡傞偙偲偲丄僇乕僱儖傪嵞僐儞僷僀儖偡傞偙偲偔傜偄偱偡丅

偟偐偟丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偼旕忢偵尷傜傟偨僜僼僩僂僃傾娐嫬偱摦嶌偟偰偍傝丄
娙扨側僔儕傾儖僠僢僾偺僒億乕僩偱偡傜埆愴嬯摤偟偰偄傑偡丅僽乕僩儘乕僟乕
偺拞偵偼丄妱傝崬傒張棟偝偊柍偄傕偺偑偁傞偙偲傪峫偊傞偲丄 LinModem 偺暋
嶨側 DSP 張棟傪峴側傢偣傞偺偼丄幚梡偺斖埻傪桪偵墇偊偰偄傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Appendix A. 僶僌偲崲傝偛偲

A.1. Linux 僇乕僱儖偺僼儘乕惂屼

console= 僷儔儊乕僞偵 r 僆僾僔儑儞傪晅偗偰丄 Linux 僇乕僱儖偵 CTS/RTS
偺僼儘乕惂屼傪偝偣傞偙偲偑偱偒傑偡丅椺偊偽丄懍搙偑 9600bps丄僨乕僞偑 8
價僢僩丄僷儕僥傿柍偟丄CTS/RTS 偺僼儘乕惂屼丄偲偄偆僔儕傾儖儕儞僋偼丄 
Figure A-1 偱帵偡傛偆偵愝掕偟傑偡丅

Figure A-1. CTS/RTS 僼儘乕惂屼傪峴側偆丄僇乕僱儖偺 console 僷儔儊乕僞

console=9600n8r                                                        

Linux 僇乕僱儖偼忢偵僨乕僞傪憲弌偡傞偩偗側偺偱丄 CTS/RTS 僼儘乕惂屼偼丄
"Clear to Send" 偑傾僒乕僩偝傟偰偄側偄偙偲傪妋擣偡傞偲偄偆幚憰偵側偭偰
偄傑偡丅偙偺晹暘偺僐乕僪偼丄 /usr/src/linux/drivers/char/serial.c 偵偁
傝傑偡丅娭楢晹暘偼 Figure A-2 偵偁傝傑偡丅

Figure A-2. 僐儞僜乕儖偺 CTS/RTS 僼儘乕惂屼梡僇乕僱儖僜乕僗僐乕僪

static inline void wait_for_xmitr(struct async_struct *info)           
{                                                                      
乧                                                                     
  /* Wait for flow control if necessary */                             
  if (info->flags & ASYNC_CONS_FLOW) {                                 
    tmout = 1000000;                                                   
    while (--tmout &&                                                  
           ((serial_in(info, UART_MSR) & UART_MSR_CTS) == 0));         
  }                                                                    
}                                                                      

tmout 抣傪 1000000 偵偟偰儖乕僾偡傞偙偲偱丄 CTS 儔僀儞偑傾僒乕僩忬懺偵
側傞傑偱丄1 昩傎偳懸偮偙偲偵側傝傑偡丅

偙偺僐乕僪偱偼丄 RS-232 偺 "Data Set Ready" 偲 "Data Carrier Detect" 偺
椉僗僥乕僞僗儔僀儞偐傜偺僗僥乕僞僗傪柍帇偟偰偄傑偡丅偟偐偟丄偙偆偟偰偟
傑偆偲丄懡偔偺晄搒崌偑弌偰偒傑偡丅

 丒 RS-232 働乕僽儖傪敳偄偰偄偨傝丄僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偺億乕僩偑傾僀僪儖
    忬懺偺応崌丄偙偺僐乕僪偼丄栺 1 昩娫 CTS 偑傾僒乕僩偝傟傞偺傪懸偪傑
    偡偑丄偦偺娫偵僐儞僜乕儖偵偼偁傜備傞暥帤偑彂偒崬傑傟傑偡丅偦偆側傞
    偲丄儅僔儞偺僽乕僩帪偵丄僐儞僜乕儖偵戝検偺暥帤偑彂偒崬傑傟傞偙偲偵
    側傝丄偦偺寢壥儕僽乕僩偑旕忢偵挿帪娫偐偐偭偰偟傑偄傑偡丅
   
 丒 "Clear to Send" 偺傾僒乕僩偑桳岠側偺偼丄 "Data Carrier Detect" 偲
    "Data Set Ready" 偑傾僒乕僩偝傟傞応崌偩偗偱偡丅偙偺僐乕僪偼丄揹尮偑
    擖偭偰偄側偄僨僶僀僗偺偙偲傪峫椂偡傋偒偱偡丅僨僶僀僗偵揹尮偑擖偭偰
    偄側偄偲丄 CTR 偑僼儘乕僩忬懺偵側傝傑偡丅
   
 丒 昐枩夞偺儖乕僾屻丄"Clear to Send" 偑傾僒乕僩偝傟偰偄側偗傟偽丄偲偵
    偐偔暥帤傪憲弌偟傑偡丅傛偭偰丄儅儖僠僪儘僢僾偺 RS-232 儔僀儞偱偼丄
    偙偺僇乕僱儖偼巊偊傑偣傫丅偦傟偳偙傠偐丄暥帤棊偪偑婲偙傞偱偟傚偆丅
   
 丒 "Data Carrier Detect" 偑傾僒乕僩偝傟偰偄側偔偰傕丄暥帤偼憲弌偝傟傑
    偡丅偱偡偐傜丄愙懕偝傟偰偄傞儌僨儉偼僐儅儞僪儌乕僪偵側傞偐傕抦傟傑
    偣傫丅傕偟擟堄偺僥僉僗僩傪僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕拞偵擖傟傞偙偲偑偱偒
    傟偽丄偙偺偙偲偑僙僉儏儕僥傿忋偺寚娮偵側偭偰偟傑偄傑偡丅懡偔偺僐儞
    僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕偵偼丄儐乕僓乕僀儀儞僩偐傜攈惗偟偨僄儔乕僥僉僗僩偑
    擖偭偰偄傑偡偐傜丄僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕拞偵 AT&F 傪擖傟偰丄儌僨儉偺
    帺摦墳摎愝掕傪奜偡偺偼丄偦偆擄偟偄偙偲偱偼側偄偱偟傚偆丅
   
偙偆偄偆僶僌偑偁傞偺偱丄偙偺 HOWTO 偱偼丄僇乕僱儖儗儀儖偺僼儘乕惂屼偼丄
傕偆偍彠傔偟傑偣傫丅昅幰偼丄尰嵼曬崘偝傟偰偄傞僶僌偡傋偰傪廋暅偡傞僷僢
僠傪帩偭偰偍傝丄僇乕僱儖杮懱偵偙偺僷僢僠傪庢傝崬傫偱傕傜偍偆偲偟偰偄傑
偡丅僇乕僱儖偺偙偺僶僌偑廋惓偝傟偰偟傑偊偽丄偙偺 HOWTO 偱偼丄嵞搙僇乕僱
儖儗儀儖偺僼儘乕惂屼傪偍彠傔偟偨偄偲巚偄傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

A.2. Red Hat Linux 7.1 偲 SysVinit

Red Hat Linux 7.1 偱弌壸偟偰偄傞 System V 偺 init 僔僗僥儉偼丄尰帪揰偱
偼僔儞僌儖儐乕僓乕儌乕僪偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪丄惓偟偔僒億乕僩偟偰偄傑
偣傫丅偙傟偵偮偄偰偼丄Red Hat 偺姪崘 RHBA-2001:085-02 New SysVinit
package to fix hangs on serial console <http://www.redhat.com/support/
errata/RHBA-2001-085.html> [25] 傪嶲徠偟偰壓偝偄丅偙偺姪崘偱岞昞偟偰偄
傞偺偼丄 Red Hat Linux 7.1 CD 偱弌壸偟偰偄傞丄SysVinit-2.78-15.i386.rpm
僷僢働乕僕偺傾僢僾僨乕僩偱偡丅

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A.3. BIOS丄僉乕儃乕僪丄偦偟偰價僨僆僇乕僪

BIOS 偵傛偭偰偼丄僉乕儃乕僪偑愙懕偝傟偰偄側偄偲僽乕僩偟側偄傕偺偑偁傝傑
偡丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆Keyboard faulty, press F1                                           劆
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偟偐偟傎偲傫偳偺 BIOS 偵偼丄僉乕儃乕僪傪晅偗側偔偰傕僽乕僩偱偒傞傛偆偵
偡傞愝掕偑偁傝傑偡丅

價僨僆僇乕僪傪僀儞僗僩乕儖偟偰側偄偲僽乕僩偟側偄丄婏柇側 BIOS 傕偁傝傑
偡丅

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A.4. 儕僽乕僩偱儌僨儉偑僴儞僌傾僢僾偡傞

儕僽乕僩拞偵丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僩儘乕儔乕偼儕僙僢僩偝傟傑偡偐傜丄儌僨儉偺惂
屼儔僀儞 "Data Terminal Ready" 偼棊偪傑偡丅偡傞偲崱搙偼偙傟偑尨場偵側偭
偰丄儌僨儉偑僴儞僌傾僢僾偟偰偟傑偄傑偡丅

偩偐傜偲偄偭偰桿榝偵嬱傜傟偰丄 DTR 傪柍帇偡傞傛偆側儌僨儉偺愝掕偵偼偟側
偄偱偔偩偝偄丅偦偆偟偰偟傑偆偲丄偙偺僶僌偼傕偭偲巒枛偑埆偔側偭偰偟傑偄
傑偡丅偙偆側傞偲丄揹榖偼惓偟偔愗傟側偔側傞偟丄儌僨儉偼摦偄偨傑傑偵側傝
丄僋儕傾偡傞曽朄偼側偔側傝傑偡丅 DTR 傪柍帇偡傞偲丄埆堄偺偁傞恖偑揹榖傪
偐偗偰偒偰傕丄僋儕傾偡傞曽朄傕柍偔側傝傑偡丅

僐儞僺儏乕僞偑 Restarting system 偲偄偆儊僢僙乕僕傪弌偟偰偐傜丄僽乕僩儘
乕僟乕偺僾儘儞僾僩傪弌偡傑偱偵梫偡傞丄憤帪娫傪婰榐偟偨偄偙偲傕偁傞偱偟
傚偆丅

偱傕儌僨儉偼僽乕僩偟偰偄傞娫偵乮僔儕傾儖僠僢僾偑儕僙僢僩偝傟傞偺偱乯僴
儞僌傾僢僾偟傑偡偟丄偁傞偄偼 init 偺儔儞儗儀儖偑曄傢傞帪傕乮getty 偑嵞
婲摦偡傞偺偱乯丄僴儞僌傾僢僾偟傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

A.5. init 偲 syslog 偺弌椡偼曗彆僐儞僜乕儖偵偼昞帵偝傟側偄丅

僇乕僱儖偺儊僢僙乕僕傪僔儕傾儖億乕僩偲丄偮側偑偭偰偄傞儌僯僞乕偺椉曽傊
弌椡偡傞傛偆偵丄僇乕僱儖傪愝掕偡傞偺偼壜擻偱偡丅偟偐偟丄 init 偲 syslog
偺儊僢僙乕僕偼丄堦斣嵟屻偵儕僗僩偟偨僐儞僜乕儖僨僶僀僗丄杮暥彂偺椺偩偲
僔儕傾儖億乕僩丄偵偟偐尰傟傑偣傫丅

偙偺偨傔丄偮側偑偭偰偄傞儌僯僞乕傪尒偰偄傞恖偼丄崿棎偡傞壜擻惈偑偁傝傑
偡丅偲偄偆偺偼丄儌僯僞乕忋偺儊僢僙乕僕偑巭傑偭偰偟傑偆偺偱丄 init 偺婲
摦捈慜偵儅僔儞偑僴儞僌傾僢僾偟偨傛偆偵巚偊傞偐傜偱偡丅偱傕寢嬊偼僽乕僩
張棟偼廔椆偟偰丄 getty 偑 login: 梫媮傪昞帵偟傑偡丅億僗僩僀僢僩偵偦偺巪
傪彂偄偰儌僯僞乕偵揬偭偰偍偗偽丄偣偭偐偪側恖偨偪傕埨怱偡傞偐傕偟傟傑偣
傫丅

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A.6. 愙懕偟偰傕僐儞僜乕儖偑墳摎偟側偄

儅僔儞偵愙懕屻丄抂枛偺夋柺偼傑偭偝傜偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅偱傕 Enter 傪墴偣偽
丄晛捠偼 login: 梫媮偑忋偑偭偰偒傑偡丅

Enter 傪墴偟偨屻丄夋柺偵壗傕暥帤偑弌偰偙側偔偰傕丄偆傠偨偊側偄偱偔偩偝
偄丅儅僔儞偺揹尮偼擖偭偰偄傞偼偢偩偟丄僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偼僽乕僩
偟偨偼偢偱偡丅儌僨儉偑屇傃弌偟偵摎偊傞偵偼丄 "Data Terminal Ready" 偑忋
偑傜側偗傟偽側傝傑偣傫丅

堦斣偁傝偦偆側偺偼丄儅僔儞偑僽乕僩偟偰丄 fsck 偲偄偆僼傽僀儖僔僗僥儉僠
僃僢僋偑摦偄偰偄傞応崌偱偡丅偙偺僠僃僢僋偵偼憡摉側帪娫偑偐偐傞応崌偑偁
傝丄偦偺娫偺弌椡偼壗傕側偄偐丄偁偭偰傕傎傫偺彮偟偱偡丅

僔僗僥儉儘僌偺挔曤偵丄 fsck 偑奺僼傽僀儖僔僗僥儉傪僠僃僢僋偡傞偺偵梫偡
傞帪娫傪婰榐偟偰偍偗偽丄怱偺暯埨傪曐偮偺偵憡摉栶棫偮偱偟傚偆丅

Enter 偺墴壓屻僥僉僗僩偑棎傟偰偄偨傜丄價僢僩儗乕僩僷儔儊乕僞偐僷儕僥傿
僷儔儊乕僞偑崌偭偰偄傑偣傫丅偦偺応崌偼丄偍巊偄偺抂枛僄儈儏儗乕僞偺愝掕
傪捈偟偰壓偝偄丅

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A.7. 弶婜壔拞偵儌僨儉偑僴儞僌傾僢僾偡傞

setserial 傪巊偆偲僔儕傾儖億乕僩偑儕僙僢僩偝傟傑偡丅偙偺偨傔偵儌僨儉偑
僴儞僌傾僢僾偟偰偟傑偄傑偡丅

setserial 偼僽乕僩拞偵偲偒偳偒巊傢傟傑偡丅偦偺寢壥丄弌椡偼丄 Figure A-3
偵尒傜傟傞傛偆側傕偺偵側傝傑偡丅 /etc/rc.serial 僼傽僀儖傪挷傋偰丄僔儕
傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偵巊偭偰偄傞億乕僩傪嶲徠偟偰偄傞晹暘偼丄偄偢傟傕嶍彍偟偰
偔偩偝偄丅

Figure A-3. 儅僔儞偺弶婜壔拞丄setserial 偼儌僨儉傪僴儞僌傾僢僾偝偣傞尨
場偵側傞

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劆乧                                                                  劆
劆Mounting local filesystems:  [  OK  ]                               劆
劆Turning on user and group quotas for local filesystems:  [  OK  ]   劆
劆Enabling swap space:  [  OK  ]                                      劆
劆/dev/ttyS0 at 0x03f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A                          劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆NO CARRIER                                                          劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
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A.8. 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偵偼僼儘乕惂屼偑側偄

傎偲傫偳偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偱偼丄 CTS/RTS 僼儘乕惂屼傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傑偣傫
丅偙傟偑僨乕僞憆幐偺尨場偵側傞偙偲偑偁傝丄偦偙偵偼戝偒側懍搙偺晄惍崌偑
懚嵼偟傑偡丅 9600bps 偺屌掕懍搙億乕僩偵愙懕偟偰偄傞丄嵟怴偺儌僨儉偵偼傛
偔偁傞偙偲偱偡丅

SYSLINUX 偺 1.66 偼僼儘乕惂屼傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傑偡丅

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A.9. 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偼儔僀儞僲僀僘偵庛偄

傎偲傫偳偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偼丄儔僀儞僲僀僘偐傜弌偨暥帤傪堦偮偱傕庴偗庢傞
偲丄塱媣偵偦偺僾儘儞僾僩偑弌偨傑傑偵側傝傑偡丅

儌僨儉偵傛偭偰偼 RS-232 偺怣崋傪丄傢偞偲 "僼儘乕僩"忬懺偵偟偰偍偔傕偺偑
偁傝丄拝怣偑側偄偲偒偼僲僀僘傪憲偭偰偄傑偡丅儌僨儉偼 "Data Carrier
Detect" 傪傾僒乕僩偟偰偄側偄偺偱丄僲僀僘偵傛傞暥帤偼庴怣懁偱攋婞偟偰傎
偟偄丄偲巚偭偰偄傞偺偱偡丅

傑偢偄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偲傑偢偄儌僨儉傪慻傒崌傢偣傞偲丄僽乕僩拞偵偄偮傕儅
僔儞偑僴儞僌傾僢僾偡傞丄偲偄偆寢壥偵側傞応崌偑偁傝傑偡丅

偍巊偄偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偑 DCD 偵廬偆傛偆偵愝掕偱偒側偄応崌偼丄峸擖偟傛偆
偲巚偭偰偄傞儌僨儉偼偳傟傕帋尡偡傞傛偆拲堄偟偰丄拝怣偑側偄帪偵暥帤傪惗
惉偟側偄偙偲傪妋擣偟偰偔偩偝偄丅尰帪揰偱偼丄 RS-232 偺僗僥乕僞僗怣崋傪
姰慡偵幚憰偟偰偄傞偺偼丄 SYSLINUX 偩偗偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

A.10. Advanced Power Management

APM 偼僜僼僩僂僃傾偱揹尮偺娗棟傪偱偒傞傛偆偵偡傞傕偺偱偡丅偙傟偼揤偺宐
傒偱傕偁傝丄庺偄偵傕側傝傑偡丅

揤偺宐傒側偺偼丄儅僔儞偑墦妘憖嶌偱丄偒傟偄偵丄偦偟偰嵟屻傑偱僔儍僢僩僟
僂儞偱偒傞偐傜偱偡丅偦偺墦妘僒僀僩偑揹尮愝旛傪曐庣偟偰偄傞応崌偼丄偙偆
偡傞偺偑椙偄偐傕抦傟傑偣傫丅

偙傟偑庺偄偩偲偄偆偺偼丄偄偭偨傫揹尮傪棊偲偡偲丄暔棟揑偵揹尮儃僞儞傪墴
偝側偄尷傝丄擇搙偲偦偺儅僔儞偑婲摦偟側偄偐傜偱偡丅儅僔儞偵傛偭偰偼 BIOS
傗丄偁傞偄偼儅僓乕儃乕僪偺愝掕偱丄偙偺栶偵棫偨側偄摦嶌傪柍岠偵偱偒傑偡
丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆        shutdown 僐儅儞僪偺僞僀僾儈僗偼 APM 傛傝傕巒枛偑埆偄        劆
劌劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劎
劆shutdown -r now 偲 shutdown -h now 傪崿摨偟側偄傛偆拲堄偟偰偔偩偝偄 劆
劆丅慜幰偼儅僔儞傪偒傟偄偵儕僽乕僩偟傑偡偑丄屻幰偼偦偺儅僔儞偺揹尮傪偒劆
劆傟偄偵棊偲偟傑偡丅壓庤傪偡傞偲丄扤偐偑揹尮儃僞儞傪丄暔棟揑偵墴偡偼傔劆
劆偵側傝傑偡丅                                                        劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

儕儌乕僩僒僀僩偺僐儞僺儏乕僞娐嫬峔抸偵丄杮婥偱庢傝慻傫偱偄傞偺側傜丄 
Western Telematic <http://www.wti.com/> 傗 Server Technology <http://
www.servertech.com/>丄偦傟偵懠偺懡偔偺夛幮偐傜弌偰偄傞丄儕儌乕僩偺揹尮
僗僀僢僠傪挷嵏偡傞曽偑偄偄偱偟傚偆丅儌僨儖偵傛偭偰偼僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕
傪慻傒崬傫偱偄偨傝丄儌僨儉傗 RS-232 儔僀儞傪慻傒崬傫偱偄偰丄 UPS 傊偺擖
椡揹尮偺屘忈傪僔儈儏儗乕僩偡傞乮偟偨偑偭偰丄揹尮偑愗傟傞慜偵 Linux 僔僗
僥儉傪偒傟偄偵僔儍僢僩僟僂儞偡傞乯傛偆偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

A.11. 儌僨儉偲崙嵺揹榖偺昁梫忦審

儌僨儉偑揹榖僱僢僩儚乕僋偵愙懕偡傞偺偵揔偟偰偄傞偲徹柧偡傞傛偆側丄崙嵺
揑側彸擣庤弴偼偁傝傑偣傫丅媄弍揑側嫟捠婯奿偑懙偭偰偍傝丄儌僨儉傪悽奅婯
柾偺揹榖偺岎姺僱僢僩儚乕僋忋偱巊梡偡傞嵺偼丄偦偺婯奿傪枮偨偝側偗傟偽側
傜側偄偺偱偡偑丄偦偺懚嵼傪柍帇偟偰偄傞偺偱偡丅偱偡偐傜丄偁傞崙偱彸擣偟
偨偙偲偑懠偺崙偺昗弨偱擣抦偝傟傞偲偄偆偙偲偼傎偲傫偳丄偁傞偄偼傑偭偨偔
偁傝傑偣傫丅

儌僨儉傪巊偆忋偱昁梫偲側傞崙撪偺媄弍梫審偼偁傝傑偡丅嫟捠偺昁梫忦審偼丄
2夞栚偺屇弌壒偺屻偱墳摎偡傞傛偆偵丄儌僨儉偲偦偺僜僼僩僂僃傾傪愝掕偡傞偙
偲偲丄摨偠榖拞偺斣崋偁傞偄偼娫堘偭偰偄傞斣崋偵丄楢懕 6 夞埲忋偼偐偗側偄
偙偲偱偡丅

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劆                          捠怣梡婡婍偺彸擣                          劆
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劆傎偲傫偳偺崙偱偼丄枹彸擣偺捠怣憰抲傪巊梡偟偨傝偁傞偄偼桝擖偟偨傝偡傞劆
劆偺偼斊嵾偵側傝傑偡丅                                                劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆偝傜偵丄偁傞庬偺憰抲傪憖嶌偡傞偵偼擣壜偑昁梫偵側傞応崌偑偁傝傑偡丅  劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

僾儔僀僶僔乕偵娭偡傞朄棩偵傛偭偰丄敪怣幰幆暿婰榐偱偱偒傞偙偲偑婯惂偝傟
偰偄傞偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅

僾僢僔儏儂儞偺揹榖偑悽奅拞偳偙偱傕巊偊傞偲寛傔偰偐偐偭偰偼偄偗傑偣傫丅
廫恑朄偵婎偯偄偨僟僀儎儖偵娭偟偰偼丄嫟捠偺昗弨偑柍偄偺偱偡丅僛儘偺楍偑
堦斣挿偄崙乆傕偁傟偽丄僛儘偺楍偑堦斣抁偄崙乆傕偁傝傑偡丅

崙撪偺揹榖斣崋僾儔儞偵偼丄崙嵺揑側嫤挷偑偁傑傝偁傝傑偣傫丅崙嵺幆暿斣崋
傪僟僀儎儖偡傞偮傕傝偱丄崙撪偺嬞媫僒乕價僗斣崋偵揹榖偟側偄傛偆拲堄偟偰
壓偝偄丅堦斒揑側嬞媫僒乕價僗斣崋偼丄112, 911, 000 偱偡偑丄崙嵺幆暿斣崋
偼崙偵傛偭偰堘偄傑偡丅

柍椏揹榖偺傛偆側僀儞僥儕僕僃儞僩僱僢僩儚乕僋偺婡擻偼丄崙奜偐傜敪怣偡傞
揹榖偱偼晛捠偼棙梡偱偒傑偣傫丅

崙嵺揹榖偼奀掙岝働乕僽儖傗塹惎捠怣丄偁傞偄偼抁攇柍慄傪捠偭偰偔傞偙偲偑
偁傝傑偡丅偙偺傛偆側揱憲曽幃偱偼丄巊梡壜擻側價僢僩儗乕僩偵偐側傝堘偄偑
偁傝傑偡丅奀掙岝働乕僽儖偩偲僄儔乕偑側偔丄僗儖乕僾僢僩傕嵟戝偵側傞偲巚
偭偰壓偝偄丅塹惎捠怣偩偲 1200bps 偐傜 2400bps 傑偱偱丄僄儔乕傕偄偔傜偐
偁傞偱偟傚偆丅 HF 柍慄偩偲 75bps 偐傜 300bps 傑偱偱丄僄儔乕傕懡偔側傝傑
偡丅

嫍棧偵傛偭偰偼抶墑傕憡摉弌偰偔傞偱偟傚偆丅儌僨儉偺僄儔乕掶惓僂傿儞僪僂
傛傝傕抶墑偺曽偑戝偒偔側偭偨応崌丄儌僨儉偺 HDLC 儀乕僗偺僄儔乕掶惓傪柍
岠偵偡傟偽丄 Zmodem 偺僼傽僀儖揮憲惈擻偼傕偭偲椙偔側傝傑偡丅

崙嵺揹榖偱偼偦偺怣崋偑偐側傝曄傢偭偰偟傑偆偐傕抦傟傑偣傫丅廬棃崙嵺揹榖
偼僄僐乕傪嵟彫尷偵偡傞偨傔偵丄傾僫儘僌偺僐儞僨傿僔儑僯儞僌夞楬傪捠傞傛
偆偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅偙偺僐儞僨傿僔儑僯儞僌偺偣偄偱丄儌僨儉偱巊梡偱偒傞價
僢僩儗乕僩偺嵟戝抣偑惂尷偝傟偰偄傞偺偱偡丅偨傇傫 9600bps 枹枮偱偟傚偆丅
僈乕僪僩乕儞傪弌偡傛偆側僾儘僌儔儉傪嶌偭偰丄傾僫儘僌偺僐儞僨傿僔儑僯儞
僌傪柍岠偵偱偒傞偐傕抦傟傑偣傫丅偱傕偙傟偼捠怣夛幮偵傛偭偰條乆偩偟丄僈
乕僪僩乕儞傪憲弌偡傞僐儅儞僪偼儌僨儉偵傛偭偰偄傠偄傠偱偡丅

嵟嬤偺崙嵺夞慄丄摿偵崙嵺僐乕儕儞僌僇乕僪偱傾僋僙僗偡傞夞慄偱偼丄僨僕僞
儖壒惡埑弅傪巊偭偰偄傑偡丅偙偆偄偭偨僨僕僞儖埑弅偟偰偄傞夞慄偱偼丄怣棅
偱偒傞儌僨儉娫愙懕偼妋棫偱偒傑偣傫丅尰帪揰偱偙偆偄偭偨僨僕僞儖埑弅偺夞
慄傪幆暿偡傞堦斣偄偄愴棯偼丄僶僢僋僌儔僂儞僪偺僲僀僘傪挳偔偙偲偱偡丅偮
傑傝扤傕榖偟偰偄側偄帪偵偼丄僶僢僋僌儔僂儞僪僲僀僘偼崌惉偝傟偨僶僢僋僌
儔僂儞僪僲僀僘乮僒僀儗儞僗僒僾儗僢僔儑儞偲偄偆埑弅媄弍乯偵抲偒姺傢傝傑
偡丅

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Appendix B. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜僼傽僀儖傪傾僢僾儘乕僪偡傞

儅僔儞偑偳偆偵傕側傜側偔側傝丄偦偺暅媽偺偨傔偵僼傽僀儖傪傾僢僾儘乕僪偟
側偗傟偽側傜側偄丄偲偄偆嬝彂偒偼偨偔偝傫偁傝傑偡丅偦偆偄偭偨嬝彂偒偺偼
懡偔偼丄僐儞僜乕儖偵巊偭偰偄傞僔儕傾儖億乕僩偐傜丄僼傽僀儖傪傾僢僾儘乕
僪偡傞偺偑桞堦偺庤抜偱偡丅

僔儕傾儖儕儞僋忋偱僼傽僀儖傪偁偪偙偪偵摦偐偡曽朄偵偼丄儅僀僋儘僐儞僺儏
乕僥傿儞僌媄弍偺挿偄楌巎偑偁傝傑偡丅偦偙偱偙偺僙僋僔儑儞偱偼楌巎傪慿偭
偰丄宖帵斉僔僗僥儉偲偄偆"愭僀儞僞乕僱僢僩帪戙" 偵傛偔巊偭偨僣乕儖偺儀乕
儖傪偼偑偡偙偲偵偟傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

B.1. 僐儞僜乕儖偵儘僌傪庢傜側偄傛偆偵偡傞

僼傽僀儖傪傾僢僾儘乕僪偁傞偄偼僟僂儞儘乕僪偟傛偆偲偡傞慜偵丄僐儞僜乕儖
忋偵儊僢僙乕僕傪昞帵偟側偄傛偆偵偡傞偺偑偆傑偄峫偊偱偡丅偙偆偄偭偨儊僢
僙乕僕偑弌偰傞偲丄 cat 傪巊偭偰堏摦偟偨僼傽僀儖傪夡偟偰偟傑偆偟丄
Xmodem 傗丄懠偺摨條側僾儘僩僐儖偺捠怣偑丄偐側傝挿帪娫偵側偭偰偟傑偄傑偡
丅

偍巊偄偺僔僗僥儉偺愝掕傪曄峏偟偰丄 klogd 偵 -c 1 僷儔儊乕僞傪晅偗偰偔偩
偝偄丅偙偆偟偰丄僇乕僱儖儊僢僙乕僕偑捈愙僐儞僜乕儖偵昞帵偝傟傞偺傪嬛巭
偟傑偡丅偦傟偱傕丄僇乕僱儖儊僢僙乕僕偼僔僗僥儉偺儘僌偵偼婰榐偝傟傑偡丅

Figure B-1. Red Hat Linux 偱僐儞僜乕儖傊偺僇乕僱儖儊僢僙乕僕傪梷巭偡傞

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劆bash# vi /etc/sysconfig/syslog                                      劆
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KLOGD_OPTIONS="-2 -c 1"                                                

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劆bash# /etc/init.d/syslog restart                                    劆
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偦傟偐傜丄僔僗僥儉儘僌嵦庢僾儘僌儔儉偺愝掕傪曄偊偰丄僐儞僜乕儖偵儊僢僙
乕僕傪憲傜側偄傛偆偵偟偰壓偝偄丅 /etc/syslog.conf 傪曇廤偟偰丄 /dev/
console 偵弌椡傪憲偭偰偄傞峴傪曄峏偟丄戙傢傝偵丄偦偺弌椡傪僼傽僀儖偵憲
傞傛偆偵偟傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

B.2. "ASCII 傾僢僾儘乕僪" 偲 cat

cat 偼偁傜備傞 UNIX 儔僀僋側僔僗僥儉偱巊偊傑偡丅偙偺僐儅儞僪偼丄僉乕儃
乕僪偐傜庴偗偲偭偨僨乕僞傪僼傽僀儖偵僐僺乕偟傑偡丅 Minicom 傗懠偺抂枛僄
儈儏儗乕僞偵偼 乪ASCII upload乫 偲偄偆婡擻偑偁傝丄僼傽僀儖傪僉乕儃乕僪
偐傜擖椡偟偨傕偺偲偟偰丄僔儕傾儖儕儞僋傊憲傝傑偡丅

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劆remote bash$ cat > upload.txt                                       劆
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劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆Alt-S Upload ascii                                                  劆
劆[ascii upload - Press CTRL-C to quit]                               劆
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傾僢僾儘乕僪偑姰椆偡傞偺傪懸偪傑偡乧

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劆ASCII upload of "upload.txt"                                        劆
劆10.0 Kbytes transferred at 3900 CPS... Done.                        劆
劆READY: press any key to continue...                                 劆
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劆Ctrl-D                                                              劆
劆remote bash$                                                        劆
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僴乕僪僂僃傾僼儘乕惂屼傪偟偰偄側偄偲丄ASCII 傾僢僾儘乕僪偱丄偨傑偵暥帤
棊偪偑婲偙傝傑偡丅

僶僀僫儕僼傽僀儖傪傾僢僾儘乕僪偡傞偵偼丄偦傟傪 ASCII 偵僄儞僐乕僪偟丄傾
僢僾儘乕僪偟傑偡丅偦偟偰偦傟偐傜傕偆堦搙僶僀僫儕偵僨僐乕僪偟傑偡丅

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劆localhost bash$ uuencode upload.bin < upload.bin > upload.txt       劆
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劆Alt-S Upload ascii                                                  劆
劆[ascii upload - Press CTRL-C to quit]                               劆
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傾僢僾儘乕僪偑姰椆偡傞偺傪懸偪傑偡乧

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劆ASCII upload of "upload.txt"                                        劆
劆10.0 Kbytes transferred at 3900 CPS... Done.                        劆
劆READY: press any key to continue...                                 劆
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劆Ctrl-D                                                              劆
劆remote bash$                                                        劆
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劆remote bash$ uudecode < upload.txt                                  劆
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揮憲僄儔乕偼 sum 傗 cksum 丄偁傞偄偼 md5sum 偲偄偭偨丄僠僃僢僋僒儉僾儘
僌儔儉傪巊偊偽専弌偱偒傑偡丅儘乕僇儖儅僔儞偐傜偦偺僼傽僀儖傪揮憲偡傞慜
偲丄儕儌乕僩儅僔儞偱庴偗偲偭偨屻偵丄偦偺僠僃僢僋僒儉傪報嶞偟偰偍偒傑偡
丅

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劆localhost bash$ cksum upload.bin                                    劆
劆1719761190 76 upload.bin                                            劆
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劆remote bash$ cksum upload.bin                                       劆
劆1719761190 76 upload.bin                                            劆
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僠僃僢僋僒儉傪寁嶼偡傞僾儘僌儔儉偼悢懡偔偁傝傑偡偑丄 sum 僐儅儞僪傪巊偆
応崌偼拲堄偟偰偔偩偝偄丅偲偄偆偺偼丄BSD 梡偲 System V UNIX 梡偵懡偔偺僶
乕僕儑儞偑偁傝丄偦傟傜偑堘偆寢壥傪弌偡偐傜偱偡丅 cksum 偼 POSIX 昗弨偺
奐敪幰偨偪偑丄偙偺崿棎傪廂廍偟傛偆偲偟偨嶻暔偱偡丅偙偺僐儅儞僪偼丄偡傋
偰偺 POSIX 儅僔儞忋偵偁傞丄摨偠僼傽僀儖偵懳偟偰摨偠寢壥傪曉偟傑偡丅

尦偺僠僃僢僋僒儉偲丄傾僢僾儘乕僪偟偨僼傽僀儖偺僠僃僢僋僒儉偑堦抳偟側偄
応崌偼丄傕偆堦搙僼傽僀儖傪傾僢僾儘乕僪偟側偗傟偽側傝傑偣傫丅儕儞僋偵僲
僀僘偑懡偔僼傽僀儖偑戝偒偄応崌偼丄傾僢僾儘乕僪偼偗偭偟偰偆傑偔偄偐側偄
偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅偙偺応崌偵昁梫側偺偼丄僼傽僀儖傪彫暘偗偵偟偰丄偦偺堦偮
傪傾僢僾儘乕僪偟丄僠僃僢僋僒儉傪妋擣偟丄戝忎晇側傜師傪傾僢僾儘乕僪偡傞
偲偄偆傗傝曽偱偡丅

偙偆偄偆偙偲偼帺摦壔偡傋偒傕偺偺傛偆偵巚偊傞偱偟傚偆丅懕偒偼 Xmodem 偐
傜巒傔傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

B.3. Xmodem, Ymodem 偍傛傃 Zmodem

Xmodem 偼丄 128 僶僀僩偺僨乕僞偲僠僃僢僋僒儉傪憲傝丄偡傋偰戝忎晇偩偲偄
偆捠抦傪懸偭偰偐傜丄師偺僽儘僢僋傪憲傝傑偡丅傕偟斲掕揑側捠抦偑曉偭偨傝
丄 ACK 傕 NAK 傕寛偟偰曉傜側偄応崌偼丄嵞搙偦偺僽儘僢僋傪憲傝傑偡丅

Xmodem 偼丄 CP/M 傪摦偐偟偰偄傞 8 價僢僩僐儞僺儏乕僞梡偵彂偐傟偨僾儘僌
儔儉掱搙偺丄扨弮側僾儘僩僐儖偱偡丅偙偺僾儘僌儔儉偵偼岠棪偑埆偄晹暘偑悢
懡偔偁傞偟丄彫偝側栤戣揰傕偨偔偝傫偁傝傑偡丅椺偊偽丄僼傽僀儖僒僀僘傪師
偺 128 僶僀僩嫬奅偵愗傝忋偘偰偟傑偄傑偡丅偙傟傜偺寚揰偐傜恑壔偟偨寢壥偑
丄 Xmodem 偺夵掶僾儘僩僐儖丄偦傟偐傜 Ymodem丄偦偟偰嵟屻偑 Zmodem 偱偡丅
Zmodem 偼 Xmodem 傛傝傕廩暘崅懍偩偟丄嵄嵶側栤戣傕偁傝傑偣傫丅 Zmodem 偺
僾儘僩僐儖偼 Xmodem 偺僾儘僩僐儖傛傝傕偢偭偲暋嶨偱偡偑丄帺暘偱偡傞偺偼
丄偣偄偤偄僐乕僪傪僐儞僷僀儖偟偰僀儞僗僩乕儖偡傞偙偲偩偗偱偡偐傜丄偦偺
暋嶨偝偵娭傢傝偁偆昁梫偼偁傝傑偣傫丅

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劆remote bash$ rz                                                     劆
劆... waiting to receive.**B0100000023be50                            劆
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劆Alt-S Upload zmodem                                                 劆
劆[zmodem upload - Press CTRL-C to quit]                              劆
劆Sending: upload.bin                                                 劆
劆Bytes Sent:   3072/  10000   BPS:2185     ETA 00:09                 劆
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傾僢僾儘乕僪偑幐攕偟偰 rz 偑僼傽僀儖偺庴怣懸偪偺傑傑偵側偭偰偄傞応崌偼
丄壗夞偐 Ctrl-X 傪僞僀僾偡傟偽僐儅儞僪僾儘儞僾僩偵栠傝傑偡丅偙偺曽朄偼
丄 Xmodem 偺 rx 傗 Ymodem 偺 ry 偱傕摦嶌偟傑偡丅

Zmodem 偱栶偵棫偮婡擻偲偄偊偽丄傾僢僾儘乕僪偵幐攕偟偰傕暅媽偱偒傞偙偲偲
丄堦夞偺傾僢僾儘乕僪偺僙僢僔儑儞偱丄暋悢偺僼傽僀儖傪憲傟傞偙偲偱偡丅

Xmodem 傗 Ymodem丄偦偟偰 Zmodem 傪 POSIX 梡偵幚憰偟偨傕偺偼丄 http://
www.ohse.de/uwe/software/lrzsz.html <http://www.ohse.de/uwe/software/
lrzsz.html> 偵偁傝傑偡丅 Red Hat Linux 偼 lrzsz RPM 僷僢働乕僕偺宍偱偙
傟傪攝晍偟偰偄傑偡丅 lrzsz 偼丄 Omen Technology <http://www.omen.com/>
偑弌偟偰偄傞丄 rzsz <ftp://ftp.cs.pdx.edu/pub/zmodem/rzsz.zip> 偲偄偆僷
僽儕僢僋僪儊僀儞斉偐傜攈惗偟偰偄傞丄婡擻奼挘偟偨僼儕乕僜僼僩僂僃傾偱偡
丅

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B.4. Kermit

Kermit <http://www.kermit-project.org/> 偲偄偆偺偼丄 Columbia
University <http://www.columbia.edu/> 偑奐敪偟偨丄抂枛僄儈儏儗乕僞寭僼
傽僀儖揮憲僾儘僌儔儉偱偡丅偦偺恖婥偺尦偼丄Kermit 傪巊偊偽丄 IBM 偺儊僀
儞僼儗乕儉偐傜 MS-DOS PC 偵帄傞丄暆峀偄僐儞僺儏乕僞偵傾僋僙僗壜擻偩偲偄
偆揰偵偁傝傑偡丅

Kermit 傪庒姳曄偊偨傕偺偑 G-Kermit <http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/
gkermit.html> 偲偄偆柤慜偱丄 GNU Public License 偺壓偱儕儕乕僗偝傟傑偟
偨丅偙傟偼偨偄偰偄偺 Linux 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偱巊梡偱偒傑偡丅

嵟嬤偺 Kermit 偲 Zmodem 偺僾儘僩僐儖偺媄弍婎斦偼摨偠暔偱偡丅偟偐偟
Zmodem 偼僄儔乕棪偑崅偄偵傕娭傢傜偢丄屇傃弌偡帪偺惈擻偼椙偔側偭偰偄傑偡
丅堦曽丄堏怉偝傟偰偒偨儂僗僩僾儔僢僩僼僅乕儉偼 Kermit 偺曽偑懡偔側偭偰
偄傑偡丅

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Appendix C. Red Hat Linux 傪僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偡傞

Linux 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偺傾僢僾僌儗乕僪斉偼丄昿斏偵儕儕乕僗偝傟偰
偄傑偡丅偟偐偟儅僔儞偵捈愙怗傟側偄偲丄偙傟傜偺傾僢僾僌儗乕僪斉偺僀儞僗
僩乕儖偑偱偒側偄傛偆側傜丄墦妘娗棟偼柍棟偱偡丅

偙偺僙僋僔儑儞偱偼丄Red Hat Linux 傪墦妘抧偐傜僀儞僗僩乕儖偟偨傝傾僢僾
僌儗乕僪偡傞曽朄傪専徹偟傑偡丅

Red Hat Linux 偼僀儞僗僩乕儖僨傿僗僋傪梡偄偰丄 HTTP 僒乕僶乕偐傜丄僱僢
僩儚乕僋宱桼偱僀儞僗僩乕儖偱偒傑偡丅偙偺僨傿僗僋傪廋惓偟偰丄僔儕傾儖僐
儞僜乕儖傪巊偆傛偆偵偟傑偡丅偙偺僨傿僗僋偐傜僽乕僩偡傞偺偐丄偦傟偲傕僴
乕僪僨傿僗僋偐傜僽乕僩偡傞偺偐偑惂屼偱偒傟偽丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偭偰丄
墦妘抧偐傜 Red Hat Linux 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偺傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偑偱偒傑
偡丅儅僔儞傪攝抲偡傞嵺丄嬻偺僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋傪僼儘僢僺乕僪儔僀僽偵憓
擖偟偰偍偗偽丄僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偺傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偵丄僆儞僒僀僩偺
夘擖偼晄梫偵側傝傑偡丅

傕偟懠偺 Linux 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞傪傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偡傞庤弴傪偛懚抦側
傜丄惀旕偙偺 HOWTO 偺曐庣扴摉幰偵偄偨偩偗傟偽偲巚偄傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

C.1. 僽乕僩僨傿僗僋傪慖傇

墦妘抧偐傜傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偡傞嵺偺娭栧偼丄傾僢僾僌儗乕僪傪幚峴偡傞偨傔偵
僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋偐傜僽乕僩偱偒傞偙偲偲丄偦偺屻僴乕僪僨傿僗僋偐傜儕僽
乕僩偱偒傞偙偲偱偡丅壜擻惈偲偟偰偼師偺傛偆側傕偺偑偁傝傑偡丅

 1. 偨偄偰偄偺 BIOS 偱偼丄愝掕偱僽乕僩僨傿僗僋偺弴彉偑惂屼偱偒傞傛偆偵
    側偭偰偄傑偡丅偦偺 BIOS 偑僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傟偽丄
    僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋傪僼儘僢僺乕僪儔僀僽偵巆偟偨傑傑丄偦偺儅僔儞傪傾
    僢僾僌儗乕僪偱偒傑偡丅偦偆偡傟偽丄偦偺僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉傪傾
    僢僾僌儗乕僪偡傞偨傔偵丄儅僔儞杮懱偵扤偐偑晅揧偆昁梫偼側偔側傝傑偡
    丅
   
 2. 傾僢僾僌儗乕僪慜屻偱丄扤偐偑僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋偺憓擖偲庢傝弌偟傪偟
    偰傕偐傑偄傑偣傫丅応強庁傝偟偰偄傞僒僀僩偼傎偲傫偳丄偙偺掱搙偺 乪攠
    懱岎姺乫 梡媄弍僒億乕僩偼梡堄偟偰偄傑偡丅
   
 3. BIOS 偺愝掕傪奿擺偡傞 CMOS 儊儌儕偱丄儗僐乕僪傪擇偮嶌傞偙偲偑壜擻偱
    偡丅堦偮偼僼儘僢僺乕偐傜偺僽乕僩偵巊偄丄傕偆堦偮偼僴乕僪僨傿僗僋偐
    傜偺僽乕僩偵巊偄傑偡丅偟偐偟偁偄偵偔 nvram 僨僶僀僗偼丄偦傟傎偳懡庬
    懡條側儅僔儞偱摦嶌偡傞傢偗偱偼側偄偺偱丄偙偺HOWTO偱偼偙偺曽朄偵偼偙
    傟埲忋怺擖傝偟傑偣傫丅
   
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C.2. 僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪巊偆傛偆偵 BIOS 傪愝掕偡傞丅

僒乕僶乕偺懡偔偼丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩偐傜 BIOS 偑愝掕偱偒傞傛偆偵側偭偰偄傑
偡丅摿偵儔僢僋儅僂儞僩梡偵愝寁偝傟偨僔僗僥儉偱偼偦偆側偭偰偄傑偡丅偟偐
偟崱偺偲偙傠丄僨僗僋僩僢僾僔僗僥儉岦偗偵愝寁偝傟偨儅僔儞偱丄僔儕傾儖億
乕僩偐傜 BIOS 偑傾僋僙僗偱偒傞傛偆偵側偭偰偄傞傕偺偼傎偲傫偳偁傝傑偣傫
丅

儀儞僟乕偺僪僉儏儊儞僩傪嶲徠偟偰丄僔儕傾儖億乕僩偑巊偊傞傛偆偵 BIOS 傪
愝掕偟偰壓偝偄丅偙偺婡擻傪 乪僐儞僜乕儖儕僟僀儗僋僔儑儞乫 偲屇傫偱偄傞
儀儞僟乕傕偁傝傑偡丅偁偄偵偔丄偙偺梡岅偺堄枴偼儀儞僟乕偵傛偭偰條乆偱偡
丅 VGA 偺弌椡偲僉乕儃乕僪傪丄愱梡偺僔儕傾儖僾儘僩僐儖傪巊偭偰儕儌乕僩偺
PC 偵儕僟僀儗僋僩偡傞丄偲偄偆堄枴偱偙偺梡岅傪巊偭偰偄傞儀儞僟乕傕偁傝傑
偡丅僽乕僩偟偨屻丄BIOS 偵丄僔儕傾儖儕僟僀儗僋僔儑儞傪柍岠偵偡傞傛偆巜帵
偡傞応崌偑偁傞側傜丄偙偺婡擻偼 Linux 偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偱偟偐巊偊傑偣
傫丅

崿棎偟偰偄傞椺偱偡偑丄Dell 偼 Dell 2400 偲 Dell 2450 偺愢柧偵 乪僐儞僜
乕儖儕僟僀儗僋僔儑儞乫 傪巊梡偟偰偄傑偡丅 Dell 2450 偺 BIOS 偼僔儕傾儖
億乕僩偐傜愝掕偱偒傑偡丅 Dell 2400 偺 乪僐儞僜乕儖儕僟僀儗僋僔儑儞乫 偲
偄偆偺偼捛壛僴乕僪僂僃傾偱丄偦偺僐儞僺儏乕僞偺 VGA 儌僯僞乕偲僉乕儃乕僪
傪墦妘抧偱暋惢偡傞傕偺偱偡丅

BIOS 偺愝掕椺傪 Figure C-1 偵帵偟傑偡丅

Figure C-1. 僔儕傾儖儕儞僋傪巊偆偨傔偵 BIOS 傪愝掕偡傞

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劆BIOS setup console redirection                                      劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆Enter BIOS setup during boot when                                   劆
劆  Keyboard:     [Ctrl+Alt+Esc pressed]                              劆
劆  Serial port:  ["HAL" is typed]                                    劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆Serial port                                                         劆
劆  Port:         [COM1]                                              劆
劆  Speed         [9600] bps                                          劆
劆  Data:         [8] bits                                            劆
劆  Parity:       [None]                                              劆
劆  Stop:         [1] bits                                            劆
劆  Handshaking:  [Full CTS/RTS handshaking]                          劆
劆  Terminal:     [Dumb]                                              劆
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懡偔偺 BIOS 偱偼丄偦偺僽乕僩拞偵偁傞摿掕偺僉乕傪墴偡偲丄愝掕僟僀傾儘僌
偵擖傝傑偡丅儌僨儉儕儞僋偵僲僀僘偑懡偄応崌丄偙傟偑栤戣偵側傞偙偲偑偁傝
傑偡丅

捠忢偺摦嶌偱偼丄嵟弶偵僴乕僪僨傿僗僋偐傜僽乕僩偡傞傛偆偵丄僽乕僩弴彉傪
愝掕偟傑偡丅

Figure C-2. 僴乕僪僨傿僗僋偐傜僽乕僩偡傞傛偆 BIOS 傪愝掕偡傞

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劆BIOS setup boot order                                               劆
劆                                                                    劆
劆First:  [Hard disk]                                                 劆
劆Second: [CD-ROM]                                                    劆
劆Third:  [Floppy disk]                                               劆
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C.3. DTR 傪柍帇偟偰丄DCD 傪傾僒乕僩偡傞傛偆偵儌僨儉傪愝掕偡傞

僐儞僺儏乕僞偼傾僢僾僌儗乕僪拞偵 2丄3 夞儕僽乕僩偟傑偡丅偙偺儕僽乕僩偺
偣偄偱儌僨儉偼僴儞僌傾僢僾偟偰偟傑偄傑偡丅傾僢僾僌儗乕僪拞偵壗搙傕揹榖
偡傞偼傔偵側傞偲丄偄傜偩偨偟偔側傞偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅儌僨儉偺愝掕傪曄偊偰
"Data Terminal Ready" 傪柍帇偡傞傛偆偵偡傟偽丄僐儞僺儏乕僞偑儕僽乕僩偟
偰傕丄儌僨儉偑僴儞僌傾僢僾偟側偔側傝傑偡丅 DTR 傪柍帇偡傞偵偼丄儌僨儉偵
AT&D0 僐儅儞僪傪憲偭偰壓偝偄丅

捠怣椏嬥傪尭傜偡偨傔丄僀儞僗僩乕儖拞偼愙懕傪愗傝偨偄偲巚偆偙偲偑偁傝傑
偡丅偦偆偄偆応崌偼儌僨儉偺愝掕偱丄"Data Carrier Detect" 傪偢偭偲忋偘偰
偍偔傛偆偵偡傟偽丄愗抐傕嵞愙懕傕僀儞僗僩乕儖嶌嬈偺幾杺偵側傝傑偣傫丅忢
偵 DCD 傪忋偘偰偍偔偵偼丄 AT&C0 僐儅儞僪傪巊偄傑偡丅

Section 12.3 偵偁傞庤弴傪巊偭偰丄偙傟傜偺曄峏傪揔梡偟偰壓偝偄丅懠偺 AT
僐儅儞僪偼丄偡傋偰偦偺傑傑偵偟偰偍偒傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

C.4. 僱僢僩儚乕僋僀儞僗僩乕儖梡僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋傪梡堄偡傞

Red Hat Linux 偺僂僃僽僒僀僩偵偼丄僱僢僩儚乕僋僀儞僗僩乕儖梡偺丄僼儘僢
僺乕僨傿僗僋僀儊乕僕偑偁傝傑偡丅 Red Hat Linux 偺 7.1 梡偺僀儊乕僕偼丄 
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/7.1/en/os/i386/images/bootnet.img
<ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/7.1/en/os/i386/images/
bootnet.img> 偱偡丅

僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋偵丄偙偺僀儊乕僕傪僀儞僗僩乕儖偟傑偡丅

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劆bash# mkfs -t msdos -c /dev/fd0                                     劆
劆mkfs.msdos 2.2 (06 Jul 1999)                                        劆
劆bash# dd if=bootnet.img of=/dev/fd0 bs=1440k                        劆
劆1+0 records in                                                      劆
劆1+0 records out                                                     劆
劆bash# sync                                                          劆
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師偵偦偺僨傿僗僋傪儅僂儞僩偟丄僀儞僗僩乕儖梡偺僼傽僀儖偑懚嵼偡傞偙偲傪
妋偐傔傑偡丅

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劆bash# mount -t vfat /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy                            劆
劆bash# ls /mnt/floppy                                                劆
劆boot.msg    general.msg  ldlinux.sys  rescue.msg    vmlinuz         劆
劆expert.msg  initrd.img   param.msg    syslinux.cfg                  劆
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偙偺僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋偱偼丄 SYSLINUX 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪巊梡偟傑偡丅偙傟
偵偮偄偰偼丄 Section 4.3 偲 Section 5.3 偱愢柧偟傑偟偨丅傑偢嵟弶偵丄僽
乕僩儘乕僟乕偺愝掕僼傽僀儖 /mnt/floppy/syslinux.cfg 傪曄峏偟偰丄僔儕傾
儖億乕僩傪巊偆傛偆偵偟傑偡丅 vi 僄僨傿僞傪巊偭偰偙偺僼傽僀儖傪曇廤偡傞
偮傕傝側傜丄僗儚僢僾僼傽僀儖傪偙偺僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋偵彂偒崬傑側偄傛偆
偵丄 -n 僆僾僔儑儞傪巊偭偰壓偝偄丅

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劆bash# vi -n /mnt/floppy/syslinux.cfg                                劆
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serial 0 9600                                                          

師偵丄怴偟偄僽乕僩僆僾僔儑儞傪捛壛偟傑偡丅偙傟偼丄偙偺僼傽僀儖偵偁傞丄
懠偺僽乕僩僆僾僔儑儞傪尦偵偟偰嶌傝傑偡丅偙偙偱偼丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖僷
儔儊乕僞傪僇乕僱儖偵搉偡傛偆偵偟傑偡丅偙偺僷儔儊乕僞偼丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜
乕儖傪巊偭偰偄傞丄晛抜偺塣梡帪偵搉偡僷儔儊乕僞偲摨偠偱偡丅偱偡偐傜丄
"serial" 偲偄偆偺偼丄偙偺僽乕僩僆僾僔儑儞偺柤慜偵憡墳偟偄偲巚偄傑偡丅

label serial                                                                         
 kernel vmlinuz                                                                      
 append initrd=initrd.img lang= text serial expert devfs=nomount console=ttyS0,9600n8

text丄serial丄偍傛傃 expert 偼丄 Red Hat 偺 anaconda 僀儞僗僩乕儔偵搉偡
僷儔儊乕僞偱偡丅 text 傪巜掕偡傟偽丄僌儔僼傿僇儖側僀儞僗僩乕儔偑僗僞乕
僩偟側偄偙偲偑曐徹偝傟傑偡丅傑偨丄 serial 偲巜掕偡傟偽丄懚嵼偟側偄偐傕
偟傟側偄價僨僆僴乕僪僂僃傾偼丄偱偒傞尷傝僗僉儍儞偟側偄傛偆偵偟傑偡丅偱
偡偐傜丄幚嵺偵價僨僆僇乕僪偑偁傟偽丄庤摦偱 Xconfigurator 傪摦偐偡昁梫偑
偁傝傑偡丅 expert 傪巜掕偡傞偲丄愝掕僆僾僔儑儞偺偡傋偰偑栚偵尒偊傞傛偆
偵側傝傑偡丅偙偺応崌偼丄斈梡偺僼儘僢僺乕僀儊乕僕傪堦偮梡偄傑偡丅

3 斣栚偵丄偙偺怴偟偄愝掕傪帺摦揑偵僗僞乕僩偝偣傑偡丅偙偺椺偱巊偭偰偄傞
僒僀僩偵偼扤傕偄側偄偺偱丄 boot: 僾儘儞僾僩傪弌偡昁梫偼偁傝傑偣傫丅

default serial                                                         
prompt 0                                                               

4 斣栚偵丄偙偺怴偟偄愝掕傪僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋偵彂偒崬傒傑偡丅

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劆bash# umount /mnt/floppy                                            劆
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偦偟偰丄偙偺僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋偱僽乕僩偡傞偙偲傪妋擣偟偰壓偝偄丅傕偟僽
乕僩偟側偐偭偨傜丄嵟怴偺 SYSLINUX 傪僟僂儞儘乕僪偟幚峴偟偰丄怴偟偄僽乕
僩僙僋僞乕傪彂偒崬傫偱壓偝偄丅

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劆bash# syslinux /dev/fd0                                             劆
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嵟屻偵丄傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偡傞梊掕偺僐儞僺儏乕僞偵僐僺乕偡傞偨傔偵巊偆丄怴
偟偄僽乕僩僀儊乕僕傪惗惉偟偰壓偝偄丅

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劆bash# dd if=/dev/fd0 of=bootserialnet.img bs=1440k                  劆
劆1+0 records in                                                      劆
劆1+0 records out                                                     劆
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偙偺怴偟偄僽乕僩僼儘僢僺乕傪丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偑晅偄偨儅僔儞偱僥僗僩
偡傟偽丄抁偄偱偡偑丄 SYSLINUX 偑僽乕僩偟偰偄傞偺偑傢偐傝傑偡丅

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劆SYSLINUX 1.52 2001-02-07  Copyright (C) 1994-2001 H. Peter Anvin    劆
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偦傟偐傜 boot.msg 僼傽僀儖偑尰傟偰丄偦偟偰 Linux 僇乕僱儖偑儘乕僪偝傟傑
偡丅

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劆Loading initrd.img..............                                    劆
劆Loading vmlinuz............. ready.                                 劆
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偦偟偰丄幚峴奐巒偱偡丅

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劆Linux version 2.4.2-2BOOT (root@porky.devel.redhat.com) (gcc version 2.96 200001劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

師偵 init 僔僗僥儉偑僷僢偲捠傝夁偓傑偡丅

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劆Greetings.                                                                    劆
劆Red Hat install init version 7.0 starting                                     劆
劆mounting /proc filesystem... done                                             劆
劆mounting /dev/pts (unix98 pty) filesystem... done                             劆
劆Red Hat install init version 7.0 using a serial console                       劆
劆remember, cereal is an important part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast.  劆
劆checking for NFS root filesystem...no                                         劆
劆trying to remount root filesystem read write... done                          劆
劆checking for writeable /tmp... yes                                            劆
劆running install...                                                            劆
劆running /sbin/loader                                                          劆
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偙傟偼 anaconda 偲偄偆僀儞僗僩乕儖梡傾僾儕働乕僔儑儞偑僗僞乕僩偡傞慜偱
偡丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆Welcome to Red Hat Linux                                                劆
劆+----------+ Devices +-----------+                                      劆
劆|                                |                                      劆
劆| Do you have a driver disk?     |                                      劆
劆|                                |                                      劆
劆|    +-----+          +----+     |                                      劆
劆|    | Yes |          | No |     |                                      劆
劆|    +-----+          +----+     |                                      劆
劆|                                |                                      劆
劆|                                |                                      劆
劆+--------------------------------+                                      劆
劆<Tab>/<Alt-Tab> between elements  | <Space> selects | <F12> next screen 劆
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僼傽儞僋僔儑儞僉乕偵傾僋僙僗偡傞曽朄偑側偄傛偆偵巚偊傑偡丅偱傕岾偄丄偙
偺儐乕僓乕僀儞僞僼僃乕僗偱偼丄僼傽儞僋僔儑儞僉乕傪巊偆昁梫偼偁傝傑偣傫
丅

偙傟偱僼儘僢僺乕偺僥僗僩偼廔傝傑偟偨丅僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋傪敳偒丄儅僔儞
傪儕僽乕僩偟偰丄捠忢摦嶌偵栠偟偰壓偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

C.5. HTTP 僒乕僶乕傪弨旛偡傞

僂僃僽僒乕僶乕偑丄偙傟偐傜傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偡傞僶乕僕儑儞偺丄 Red Hat
Linux 偱摦偄偰偄傞側傜嵟崅偱偡丅偟偐偟埲慜偺僶乕僕儑儞偑摦偄偰偄傞応崌
偼丄僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉傪嵞峔抸偣偢丄傕偭偲怴偟偄僶乕僕儑儞偺僆儁
儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偐傜丄 anaconda-runtime 傪僀儞僗僩乕儖偟偰壓偝偄丅

wget 偺傛偆側儈儔乕儕儞僌儐乕僥傿儕僥傿傪巊偭偰丄 Linux 偺僨傿僗僩儕價
儏乕僔儑儞傪丄儘乕僇儖偺僂僃僽僒乕僶乕偵僐僺乕偟傑偡丅偁傞偄偼丄僨傿僗
僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞 CD 偐傜丄僂僃僽僒乕僶乕偵僐僺乕偟偰傕偐傑偄傑偣傫丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆bash$ mkdir --mode=664 --parents /var/www/html/redhat/linux/7.1/en/os/i386                                                                          劆
劆bash$ umask 002                                                                                                                                     劆
劆bash$ wget -nh -nH -r -N -nr -l0 -k -np -X SRPMS ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/7.1/en/os/i386/ -P /var/www/html/redhat/linux/7.1/en/os/i386 劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

忋婰偺椺偱巊偭偰偄傞 Red Hat 偺 FTP 僒僀僩偺戙傢傝偵丄儈儔乕僒僀僩傪巊
偆偺偑堦斣椙偄偱偡丅

僼傽僀儖傪偳傟傕偙傟傕丄偦偭偔傝偦偺傑傑偱偼丄庢摼偟側偄偱壓偝偄丅偙傟
偼丄偲偰傕戝帠側偙偲偱偡丅 FTP 僒乕僶乕丄僂僃僽僒乕僶乕丄偦傟偵 CD-ROM
偑嶌偭偨僼傽僀儖偼丄偄偢傟傕嶍彍偟偰壓偝偄丅

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劆bash$ cd /var/www/html/redhat                                       劆
劆bash$ # FTP 僒乕僶乕偑捛壛偟偨僼傽僀儖                              劆
劆bash$ find . -name '.listing' -print -exec rm {} \;                 劆
劆bash$ find . -name 'ls-*' -print -exec rm {} \;                     劆
劆bash$ # HTTP 僒乕僶乕偐傜 wget 偱捛壛偟偨僼傽僀儖                   劆
劆bash$ find . -name '\?*' -print -exec rm {} \;                      劆
劆bash$ # CD-ROM 偱捛壛偟偨僼傽僀儖                                   劆
劆bash$ find . -name 'TRANS.TBL' -print -exec rm {} \;                劆
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崱搙偼攝晍偝傟偰偄傞僜僼僩僂僃傾偵丄嵟怴偺傾僢僾僨乕僩傪捛壛偡傞昁梫偑
偁傝傑偡丅偙傟偼丄偡偖偵傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偟偰偟傑偆偲丄儅僔儞偑婋尟側忬懺
偵側傞偺偱丄偦傟傪旔偗傞偨傔偱偡丅

Red Hat Linux 7.1 偱偼丄傾僢僾僨乕僩偺捛壛偼寚偐偣傑偣傫丅 Section A.2
傪嶲徠偟偰壓偝偄丅

ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/updates/7.1/en/os/ <ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/
updates/7.1/en/os/> 偵偁傞僒僽僨傿儗僋僩儕丄 i386, i486, i586, i686,
images, noarch 偐傜 RPM 偺傾僢僾僨乕僩傪廤傔偰壓偝偄丅 [26]

偙傟傜偺傾僢僾僨乕僩傪丄僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偺僐僺乕偲儅乕僕偟偰壓偝
偄丅傾僢僾僨乕僩偡傞丄偦傟偧傟偺 RPM 僼傽僀儖偵偮偄偰偼丄僆儕僕僫儖偺
RPM 僼傽僀儖傪嶍彍偟偰丄偦傟偐傜丄傾僢僾僨乕僩偡傞 RPM 偵抲偒姺偊偰壓偝
偄丅椺偊偽丄師偺傛偆偵偟傑偡丅

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劆bash$ cd /var/www/html/redhat/linux/7.1/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS                    劆
劆bash$ ls /var/www/html/redhat/updates/7.1/en/os/i386                              劆
劆SysVinit-2.78-17.i386.rpm                                                         劆
劆bash$ ls SysVinit-*.rpm                                                           劆
劆SysVinit-2.78-15.i386.rpm                                                         劆
劆bash$ rm SysVinit-2.78-15.i386.rpm                                                劆
劆bash$ cp /var/www/html/redhat/updates/7.1/en/os/i386/SysVinit-2.78-17.i386.rpm .  劆
劆bash$ chmod u=rw,g=r,o=r SysVinit-2.78-17.i386.rpm                                劆
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updates 偺僒僽僨傿儗僋僩儕 i386, i686, noarch 偵偁傞 RPM 傪丄 /var/www/
html/redhat/linux/7.1/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS 偵儅乕僕偟偰壓偝偄丅偝傜偵
丄 /var/www/html/redhat/updates/7.1/en/os/images 僨傿儗僋僩儕偵偁傞僼傽
僀儖傪丄 /var/www/html/redhat/linux/7.1/en/os/i386/images 偵儅乕僕偟偰
壓偝偄丅

/var/www/html/redhat/linux/7.1/en/os/i386/RedHat/base/hdlist 僼傽僀儖偲
hdlist2 僼傽僀儖偵偼丄僀儞僗僩乕儖偡傞 RPM 偺儕僗僩偑擖偭偰偄傑偡丅偙偺
儕僗僩傪廋惓偟偰丄傾僢僾僨乕僩偡傞 RPM 偺柤慜傪婰嵹偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

HTTP 僒乕僶乕偵偼 anaconda-runtime RPM 傪僀儞僗僩乕儖偟偰壓偝偄丅偙偺
RPM 偼丄傾僢僾僨乕僩偟傛偆偲偟偰偄傞Red Hat Linux 偲丄摨偠僶乕僕儑儞偵
偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

偱偼丄師偺僐儅儞僪偱怴偟偄 hdlist 傪嶌偭偰壓偝偄丅

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劆bash$ cd /usr/lib/anaconda-runtime                                                                                                              劆
劆bash$ rm /var/www/html/redhat/linux/7.1/en/os/i386/RedHat/base/hdlist*                                                                          劆
劆bash$ umask 002                                                                                                                                 劆
劆bash$ ./genhdlist --withnumbers --hdlist /var/www/html/redhat/linux/7.1/en/os/i386/RedHat/base/hdlist /var/www/html/redhat/linux/7.1/en/os/i386 劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偙傟偱傾僢僾僨乕僩傪捛壛偟偨僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偑丄僱僢僩儚乕僋僀儞
僗僩乕儖偱巊偊傑偡丅 CD 僀儞僗僩乕儖偱偼巊偊傑偣傫偑丄偙偺応崌偼娭學偁
傝傑偣傫丅

偙偺傾僢僾僨乕僩傪捛壛偟偨僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偼丄僆儕僕僫儖偺僨傿僗
僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偲偼暿偺傕偺側偺偱丄僆儕僕僫儖僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偺
僶乕僕儑儞斣崋偼巊傢側偄曽偑椙偄偱偡丅偦偺傾僢僾僨乕僩傪揔梡偟偨擔晅傪
屻傠偵晅偗傞偺偑丄偆傑偄曽朄偱偡丅

bash$ cd /var/www/html/redhat/linux/                                   
bash$ mv 7.1 7.1-20020202                                              

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

C.6. 僱僢僩儚乕僋愝掕傪婰榐偟偰偍偔

"Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol" 乮DHCP乯傪巊偭偰偄側偄儅僔儞偺応
崌偼丄偦偺帪揰偺僱僢僩儚乕僋愝掕傪婰榐偟偰偍偄偰壓偝偄丅僀儞僗僩乕儖偺
嵺丄Configure TCP/IP 夋柺偱昁梫側崁栚傪擖椡偡傞偺偵巊偄傑偡丅

Example C-1. 僀儞僞乕僱僢僩僾儘僩僐儖乮IP乯偺愝掕傪昞帵偡傞

bash$ ifconfig eth0                                                              
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:11:22:33:44:55                          
          inet addr:10.1.2.3  Bcast:10.1.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0               
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1                     
          RX packets:344233 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0                
          TX packets:285750 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0              
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:100                                            
          Interrupt:10 Base address:0x9000                                       
bash$ netstat -r -n                                                          (1) 
Kernel IP routing table                                                          
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface   
10.1.2.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U        40 0          0 eth0    
127.0.0.0       0.0.0.0         255.0.0.0       U        40 0          0 lo      
0.0.0.0         10.1.2.254      0.0.0.0         UG       40 0          0 eth0    
bash$ cat /etc/resolv.conf                                                       
domain example.edu.au                                                            
nameserver 10.255.1.1                                                            
nameserver 10.255.2.1                                                            
nameserver 172.16.1.1                                                            

(1) inet addr 抣偼 乪IP address乫 偺偙偲偱偡丅偙偺椺偱偼丄 10.1.2.3 偲
    側偭偰偄傑偡丅 Mask 偺抣偼 乪Netmask乫 偺偙偲偱偡丅偙偺椺偱偼丄
    255.255.255.0 偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅
(2) 埗愭 0.0.0.0 偵懳偡傞 Gateway 偺棑偺抣偼丄 乪僨僼僅儖僩偺僎乕僩僂僃
    僀乫 偱偡丅偙偺椺偱偼丄 10.1.2.254 偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅
(3) 嵟弶偵儕僗僩偝傟偰偄傞丄僱乕儉僒乕僶乕偺抣偑丄 乪僾儔僀儅儕偺僱乕儉
    僒乕僶乕乫 偱偡丅偙偺椺偱偼丄10.255.1.1 偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

C.7. LILO 偺愝掕傪婰榐偟偰偍偔

/etc/lilo.conf 偵偁傞丄僀儞僗僩乕儖帪揰偺 append=丄 boot=丄偍傛傃
linear 偺抣傪婰榐偟偰偍偄偰壓偝偄丅

Example C-2. LILO 偺愝掕傪昞帵偡傞

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劆bash# fgrep append= /etc/lilo.conf                                  劆
劆append="console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8"                          劆
劆bash# fgrep boot= /etc/lilo.conf                                    劆
劆boot=/dev/hda                                                       劆
劆bash# fgrep linear /etc/lilo.conf                                   劆
劆bash#                                                               劆
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boot= 僷儔儊乕僞偑僴乕僪僨傿僗僋傪巜偟偰偄傞応崌偼丄 LILO 偼丄儅僗僞乕
僽乕僩儗僐乕僪丄偮傑傝 MBR 偵僀儞僗僩乕儖偝傟偰偄傑偡丅僷乕僥傿僔儑儞傪
巜偟偰偄傞偙偲傕偁傝傑偡丅

linear 僷儔儊乕僞偑懚嵼偡傟偽丄僽乕僩偡傞僴乕僪僨傿僗僋偼儕僯傾僽儘僢僋
傾僪儗僢僔儞僌丄偮傑傝 LBA 傪巊偭偰偄傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

C.8. Red Hat 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞傪傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偡傞

偙偺僙僋僔儑儞偱偡傋偰偑堦偮偵側傝傑偡丅僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺傾僢僾僌儗
乕僪慡懱偺儕僴乕僒儖傪偟傑偡丅晛捠偺僥僉僗僩儌乕僪偵傛傞傾僢僾僌儗乕僪
偲丄戝偒側堘偄偼偁傝傑偣傫丅

BIOS 傪僼儘僢僺乕偐傜僽乕僩偡傞傛偆偵愝掕偟偰丄僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋傪憓擖
偟偰壓偝偄丅偝偁丄儅僔儞傪儕僽乕僩偟傑偟傚偆丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆bash# shutdown -r now                                                                                                                         劆
劆SYSLINUX 1.64 1.64-pre2   Copyright (C) 1994-2001 H. Peter Anvin                                                                              劆
劆                Welcome to Red Hat Linux 7.1!                                                                                                 劆
劆 -  To install or upgrade Red Hat Linux in graphical mode,                                                                                    劆
劆    press the <ENTER> key.                                                                                                                    劆
劆 -  To install or upgrade Red Hat Linux in text mode, type: text <ENTER>.                                                                     劆
劆 -  To enable low resolution mode, type: lowres <ENTER>.                                                                                      劆
劆    Press <F2> for more information about low resolution mode.                                                                                劆
劆 -  To disable framebuffer mode, type: nofb <ENTER>.                                                                                          劆
劆    Press <F2> for more information about disabling framebuffer mode.                                                                         劆
劆 -  To enable expert mode, type: expert <ENTER>.                                                                                              劆
劆    Press <F3> for more information about expert mode.                                                                                        劆
劆 -  To enable rescue mode, type: linux rescue <ENTER>.                                                                                        劆
劆    Press <F5> for more information about rescue mode.                                                                                        劆
劆 -  If you have a driver disk, type: linux dd <ENTER>.                                                                                        劆
劆 -  Use the function keys listed below for more information.                                                                                  劆
劆[F1-Main] [F2-General] [F3-Expert] [F4-Kernel] [F5-Rescue]                                                                                    劆
劆boot:                                                                                                                                         劆
劆Loading initrd.img..............                                                                                                              劆
劆Loading vmlinuz............. ready.                                                                                                           劆
劆Linux version 2.4.2-2BOOT (root@porky.devel.redhat.com) (gcc version 2.96 20000731 (Red Hat Linux 7.1 2.96-79)) #1 Sun Apr 8 18:24:33 EDT 2001劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

僄僉僗僷乕僩儌乕僪偱僽乕僩偟偨偺偱丄儊僯儏乕偼昗弨偺傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偲偼
庒姳堘偭偰偄傑偡丅椺偊偽丄僪儔僀僶乕僨傿僗僋偼偁傝傑偣傫丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆 Welcome to Red Hat Linux                                           劆
劆+----------+ Devices +-----------+                                  劆
劆|                                |                                  劆
劆| Do you have a driver disk?     |                                  劆
劆|                                |                                  劆
劆|    +-----+          +----+     |                                  劆
劆|    | Yes |          |[No]|     |                                  劆
劆|    +-----+          +----+     |                                  劆
劆|                                |                                  劆
劆+--------------------------------+                                  劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偦偺屻傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偼丄捠忢偺傗傝曽偱懕偒傑偡丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆+--------+ Choose a Language +---------+                            劆
劆|                                      |                            劆
劆| What language should be used during  |                            劆
劆| the installation process?            |                            劆
劆|                                      |                            劆
劆|            Czech       :             |                            劆
劆|          [ English     : ]           |                            劆
劆|            Danish      :             |                            劆
劆|            French      :             |                            劆
劆|            German      :             |                            劆
劆|            Hungarian   :             |                            劆
劆|            Icelandic   :             |                            劆
劆|            Italian     :             |                            劆
劆|                                      |                            劆
劆|               +----+                 |                            劆
劆|               |[OK]|                 |                            劆
劆|               +----+                 |                            劆
劆|                                      |                            劆
劆+--------------------------------------+                            劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偙傟傑偱偵弨旛偟偨僂僃僽僒乕僶乕偐傜傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偡傞偨傔丄 HTTP 傪慖
傃傑偡丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆+-----+ Installation Method +------+                                劆
劆|                                  |                                劆
劆| What type of media contains the  |                                劆
劆| packages to be installed?        |                                劆
劆|                                  |                                劆
劆|            NFS image             |                                劆
劆|            FTP                   |                                劆
劆|          [ HTTP ]                |                                劆
劆|                                  |                                劆
劆|     +----+         +------+      |                                劆
劆|     |[OK]|         | Back |      |                                劆
劆|     +----+         +------+      |                                劆
劆|                                  |                                劆
劆+----------------------------------+                                劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偙偙偱丄Example C-1 偱婰榐偟偰偍偄偨僱僢僩儚乕僋偺徻嵶傪擖椡偟傑偡丅僱
僢僩儚乕僋偑 "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol" 偐丄 "Bootstrap
Protocol" 傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傟偽丄偦傟傜傕偪傖傫偲摦嶌偟傑偡丅

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劆+--------------------+ Configure TCP/IP +--------------------+      劆
劆|                                                            |      劆
劆| Please enter the IP configuration for this machine. Each   |      劆
劆| item should be entered as an IP address in dotted-decimal  |      劆
劆| notation (for example, 1.2.3.4).                           |      劆
劆|                                                            |      劆
劆|       [ ] Use dynamic IP configuration (BOOTP/DHCP)        |      劆
劆|                                                            |      劆
劆|           IP address:           10.1.2.3________           |      劆
劆|           Netmask:              255.255.255.0___           |      劆
劆|           Default gateway (IP): 10.1.2.254______           |      劆
劆|           Primary nameserver:   10.255.1.1______           |      劆
劆|                                                            |      劆
劆|            +----+                      +------+            |      劆
劆|            |[OK]|                      | Back |            |      劆
劆|            +----+                      +------+            |      劆
劆|                                                            |      劆
劆+------------------------------------------------------------+      劆
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梊傔弨旛偟偰偍偄偨僂僃僽僒乕僶乕偺柤慜傪擖椡偟傑偡丅 Red Hat directory
傊擖椡偡傞僨傿儗僋僩儕偼丄 / 偱巒傔側偗傟偽側傜側偄偙偲偵拲堄偟偰壓偝偄
丅

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劆+-----------------+ HTTP Setup +-----------------------------------+  劆
劆|                                                                  |  劆
劆| Please enter the following information:                          |  劆
劆|                                                                  |  劆
劆|     o the name or IP number of your web server                   |  劆
劆|     o the directory on that server containing                    |  劆
劆|       Red Hat Linux for your architecure                         |  劆
劆|                                                                  |  劆
劆|   Web site name:     www.example.edu.au_______________________   |  劆
劆|   Red Hat directory: /redhat/linux/7.1-20020202/en/os/i386____   |  劆
劆|                                                                  |  劆
劆|         +----+                 +------+                          |  劆
劆|         |[OK]|                 | Back |                          |  劆
劆|         +----+                 +------+                          |  劆
劆|                                                                  |  劆
劆+------------------------------------------------------------------+  劆
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偦傟偐傜師偺僗僥乕僞僗儊僢僙乕僕偑僷僢偲弌偰丄偦偺屻 "welcome" 偺夋柺偑
尰傟傑偡丅

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劆Retrieving base/netstg1.img...                                              劆
劆Loading /mnt/runtime ramdisk...                                             劆
劆Retrieving base/netstg2.img...                                              劆
劆Loading /mnt/runtime/usr ramdisk...                                         劆
劆Running anaconda - please wait...                                           劆
劆Graphical installation not available for http installs.  Starting text mode.劆
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劆+----------------+ Red Hat Linux +-----------------+                劆
劆|                                                  |                劆
劆| Welcome to Red Hat Linux!                        |                劆
劆|                                                  |                劆
劆| This installation process is outlined in detail  |                劆
劆| in the Official Red Hat Linux Installation       |                劆
劆| Guide available from Red Hat Software. If you    |                劆
劆| have access to this manual, you should read the  |                劆
劆| installation section before continuing.          |                劆
劆|                                                  |                劆
劆| If you have purchased Official Red Hat Linux,    |                劆
劆| be sure to register your purchase through our    |                劆
劆| web site, http://www.redhat.com/.                |                劆
劆|                                                  |                劆
劆|         +----+                 +------+          |                劆
劆|         |[OK]|                 | Back |          |                劆
劆|         +----+                 +------+          |                劆
劆|                                                  |                劆
劆+--------------------------------------------------+                劆
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Upgrade Existing Installation 傪慖傫偱壓偝偄丅偱傕偙偺庤弴偼堦斒偺僀儞
僗僩乕儖偱傕偆傑偔偄偒傑偡丅

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劆+--------------+ Installation Type +--------------+                 劆
劆|                                                 |                 劆
劆| What type of system would you like to install?  |                 劆
劆|                                                 |                 劆
劆|          Workstation                            |                 劆
劆|          Server System                          |                 劆
劆|          Laptop                                 |                 劆
劆|          Custom System                          |                 劆
劆|        [ Upgrade Existing Installation ]        |                 劆
劆|                                                 |                 劆
劆|         +----+                +------+          |                 劆
劆|         | OK |                | Back |          |                 劆
劆|         +----+                +------+          |                 劆
劆|                                                 |                 劆
劆+-------------------------------------------------+                 劆
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傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偼懕偒傑偡丅 LILO Configuration 夋柺偑尰傟偨傜丄 Example
C-2 偱婰榐偟偰偍偄偨僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞傪擖椡偟偰壓偝偄丅偙傟傜偺僷儔儊
乕僞偵偼丄 console=ttyS乧 偑娷傑傟偰偄傞偼偢偱偡丅

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劆+---------------------+ LILO Configuration +---------------------+  劆
劆|                                                                |  劆
劆| A few systems will need to pass special options to the kernel  |  劆
劆| at boot time for the system to function properly. If you need  |  劆
劆| to pass boot options to the kernel, enter them now. If you     |  劆
劆| don't need any or aren't sure, leave this blank.               |  劆
劆|                                                                |  劆
劆|       [ ] Use linear mode (needed for some SCSI drives)        |  劆
劆|                                                                |  劆
劆|        console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8_______________        |  劆
劆|                                                                |  劆
劆|       +----+              +------+             +------+        |  劆
劆|       | OK |              | Skip |             | Back |        |  劆
劆|       +----+              +------+             +------+        |  劆
劆|                                                                |  劆
劆+----------------------------------------------------------------+  劆
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劆+-------------+ LILO Configuration +--------------+                 劆
劆|                                                 |                 劆
劆|  Where do you want to install the bootloader?   |                 劆
劆|                                                 |                 劆
劆|[/dev/hda         Master Boot Record (MBR)      ]|                 劆
劆| /dev/hda1        First sector of boot partition |                 劆
劆|                                                 |                 劆
劆|         +----+                +------+          |                 劆
劆|         | OK |                | Back |          |                 劆
劆|         +----+                +------+          |                 劆
劆|                                                 |                 劆
劆+-------------------------------------------------+                 劆
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劆+----------------------+ LILO Configuration +-----------------------+ 劆
劆|                                                                   | 劆
劆| The boot manager Red Hat uses can boot other operating systems    | 劆
劆| as well. You need to tell me what partitions you would like to    | 劆
劆| be able to boot and what label you want to use for each of them.  | 劆
劆|                                                                   | 劆
劆| Device      Partition type            Default Boot label          | 劆
劆|[/dev/hda6   Linux Native              *       linux     ] :       | 劆
劆|                                                           :       | 劆
劆|                                                           :       | 劆
劆|                                                           :       | 劆
劆|                                                           :       | 劆
劆|                                                                   | 劆
劆|        +----+              +------+              +------+         | 劆
劆|        | Ok |              | Edit |              | Back |         | 劆
劆|        +----+              +------+              +------+         | 劆
劆|                                                                   | 劆
劆|                                                                   | 劆
劆+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ 劆
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傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偼懕偒傑偡丅僷僢働乕僕偺僀儞僗僩乕儖偵偼2丄3 帪娫偐偐傞偐
傕偟傟傑偣傫偐傜丄愙懕傪愗偭偰傕偐傑偄傑偣傫丅

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劆+-------------+ Package Installation +--------------+               劆
劆|                                                   |               劆
劆| Name   :                                          |               劆
劆| Size   :                                          |               劆
劆| Summary:                                          |               劆
劆|                                                   |               劆
劆|                  Packages       Bytes        Time |               劆
劆| Total    :              0         0M              |               劆
劆| Completed:              0         0M              |               劆
劆| Remaining:              0         0M              |               劆
劆|                                                   |               劆
劆|                                                   |               劆
劆+---------------------------------------------------+               劆
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愙懕傪愗傝丄偦偺屻嵞愙懕偡傞嵺丄堦斣偄偄偺偼丄 Return 傪墴偡偺偱偼側偔
丄 Tab 傪墴偡偙偲偱偡丅

Bootdisk 夋柺偱 Return 傪墴偡偲丄僽乕僩僨傿僗僋傪彂偒傑偡丅偙傟偱傾僢僾
僌儗乕僪僨傿僗僋傪忋彂偒偟傑偡丅

BIOS 偺僷儔儊乕僞傪曄偊偰傕丄僴乕僪僨傿僗僋偐傜偺僽乕僩偑偱偒側偄応崌傗
丄儕僽乕僩偺嵺丄扤偐偵僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋傪敳偄偰傕傜傢側偔偰傕嵪傓傛偆
偵丄偁偊偰僽乕僩僨傿僗僋傪怴偟偔嶌傝偨偔側傞偙偲偑偁傝傑偡丅

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劆+------------------+ Bootdisk +-------------------+                 劆
劆|                                                 |                 劆
劆| A custom boot disk provides a way of booting    |                 劆
劆| into your Linux system without depending on     |                 劆
劆| the normal bootloader. This is useful if you    |                 劆
劆| don't want to install lilo on your system,      |                 劆
劆| another operating system removes lilo, or lilo  |                 劆
劆| doesn't work with your hardware configuration.  |                 劆
劆| A custom boot disk can also be used with the    |                 劆
劆| Red Hat rescue image, making it much easier to  |                 劆
劆| recover from severe system failures.            |                 劆
劆|                                                 |                 劆
劆| Would you like to create a boot disk for your   |                 劆
劆| system?                                         |                 劆
劆|                                                 |                 劆
劆|         +-----+                 +----+          |                 劆
劆|         |[Yes]|                 | No |          |                 劆
劆|         +-----+                 +----+          |                 劆
劆|                                                 |                 劆
劆+-------------------------------------------------+                 劆
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"Complete" 偺夋柺偑尰傟偨傜丄儕僽乕僩偟偰 Linux 傪棫偪忋偘傞弨旛傪偟偰
壓偝偄丅僔儕傾儖偺 BIOS 偑偁傞側傜丄偦偺 BIOS 偺僷儔儊乕僞傪曄偊偰丄嵟
弶偵僴乕僪僨傿僗僋偐傜僽乕僩偡傞傛偆偵弨旛偟偰偔偩偝偄丅僔儕傾儖偺 BIOS
偑側偗傟偽丄扤偐偵僼儘僢僺乕僨傿僗僋傪敳偄偰傕傜偭偰偔偩偝偄丅

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劆+-----------------+ Complete +------------------+                   劆
劆|                                               |                   劆
劆| Congratulations, installation is complete.  # |                   劆
劆|                                             : |                   劆
劆| Press return to reboot, and be sure to      : |                   劆
劆| remove your boot medium after the system    : |                   劆
劆| reboots, or your system will rerun the      : |                   劆
劆| install. For information on fixes which     : |                   劆
劆| are available for this release of Red Hat   : |                   劆
劆| Linux, consult the Errata available from    : |                   劆
劆| http://www.redhat.com/errata.               : |                   劆
劆|                                             : |                   劆
劆| Information on configuring and using your   : |                   劆
劆| Red Hat Linux system is contained in the    : |                   劆
劆|                                               |                   劆
劆|                    +----+                     |                   劆
劆|                    |[OK]|                     |                   劆
劆|                    +----+                     |                   劆
劆|                                               |                   劆
劆+-----------------------------------------------+                   劆
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劆sending termination signals...done                                                                                                          劆
劆sending kill signals...done                                                                                                                 劆
劆disabling swap...                                                                                                                           劆
劆        /tmp/swap/hda5                                                                                                                      劆
劆unmounting filesystems...                                                                                                                   劆
劆        /mnt/sysimage/var/www/html                                                                                                          劆
劆        /mnt/sysimage/boot                                                                                                                  劆
劆        /mnt/sysimage/proc                                                                                                                  劆
劆        /mnt/runtime/usr                                                                                                                    劆
劆        /mnt/sysimage                                                                                                                       劆
劆        /proc/bus/usb                                                                                                                       劆
劆        /mnt/runtime                                                                                                                        劆
劆        /dev/pts                                                                                                                            劆
劆        /proc                                                                                                                               劆
劆rebooting system                                                                                                                            劆
劆Restarting system.                                                                                                                          劆
劆                                                                                                                                            劆
劆LILO                                                                                                                                        劆
劆Loading linux......................                                                                                                         劆
劆Linux version 2.4.3-12 (root@porky.devel.redhat.com) (gcc version 2.96 20000731 (Red Hat Linux 7.1 2.96-85)) #1 Fri Jun 8 15:05:56 EDT 2001 劆
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劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

C.9. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖梡偺僽乕僩僨傿僗僋傪嶌傞

傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偑偆傑偔偄偭偨傜丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪僒億乕僩偡傞僽乕僩
僼儘僢僺乕傪嶌偭偰壓偝偄丅偙傟偼 anaconda 僀儞僗僩乕儔傪巊偭偨傝丄 
Section 2.1 偱愢柧偟偨偺偲摨偠曽朄偱僽乕僩僨傿僗僋傪嶌傟偽堦斣娙扨偵偱
偒傑偡丅 Section 4.3偱愢柧偟偨傛偆偵丄愝掕僼傽僀儖 \SYSLINUX.CFG 傪廋惓
偟偰丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偑僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偆傛偆偵偟傑偡丅偦偟偰嵟屻
偵丄 Section 5.3 偱愢柧偟偨傛偆偵丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偆傛偆偵僇乕僱
儖傪愝掕偟傑偡丅

偁傞偄偼丄帺暘愱梡偺 mkbootdisk 偺 RPM 僷僢働乕僕傪嶌偭偰丄偦偙偵廋惓偟
偨僔僃儖僗僋儕僾僩 /sbin/mkbootdisk 偺僐僺乕傪擖傟傞偲偄偆曽朄傕偁傝傑
偡丅

僽乕僩僼儘僢僺乕偺 \SYSLINUX.CFG 僼傽僀儖偼丄 Figure C-3 偵偁傞僐乕僪傪
巊偭偰丄 mkbootdisk 偱彂偄偰偄傑偡丅偙偺僐乕僪偼丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪
巊偆傛偆偵曄峏偟傑偡丅偦偺寢壥偼丄 Figure C-4 偵帵偟偰偁傝傑偡丅

Figure C-3. Red Hat Linux 7.2 偺 mkbootdisk 偐傜敳偒弌偡丅偙傟偱
SYSLINUX.CFG 傪嶌傞

cat > $MOUNTDIR/syslinux.cfg <<EOF                                     
default linux                                                          
prompt 1                                                               
display boot.msg                                                       
timeout 100                                                            
label linux                                                            
  kernel vmlinuz                                                       
  append $INITRDARG root=$rootdev                                      
EOF                                                                    

Figure C-4. mkbootdisk 偐傜敳偒弌偟偰曄峏偟偨傕偺丅僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪
巊偆 SYSLINUX.CFG 傪嶌傞

cat > $MOUNTDIR/syslinux.cfg <<EOF                                     
serial 0 9600                                                          
default linux                                                          
prompt 1                                                               
display boot.msg                                                       
timeout 100                                                            
label linux                                                            
  kernel vmlinuz                                                       
  append $INITRDARG root=$rootdev console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600n8    
EOF                                                                    

偙傟偱丄嶌惉偟偨僽乕僩僼儘僢僺乕偼僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偄傑偡丅

戙懼埬偲偟偰敳孮偵椙偄偺偼丄僽乕僩僼儘僢僺乕傪嶌傞帪偵丄僇乕僱儖僷儔儊
乕僞偲僔儕傾儖億乕僩丄偦傟偵懍搙偲僼儘乕惂屼偑巜掕偱偒傞傛偆偵丄僷儔儊
乕僞傪 mkbootdisk 偵捛壛偡傞偙偲偩傠偆偲巚偄傑偡丅偙偺奼挘梫審偵偮偄偰
偼丄 Red Hat Bugzilla 偺僄儞僩儕 59351 <https://bugzilla.redhat.com/
bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59351> 傪嶲徠偟偰壓偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

C.10. 嶲峫暥專

僀儞僗僩乕儖 CD 偵偁傞僇乕僱儖偑丄傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偡傞儅僔儞偱偼僽乕僩偟
側偐偭偨傝丄偁傞偄偼懚嵼偟側偄儌僕儏乕儖偑丄僼傽僀儖僔僗僥儉偵昁梫偩偭
偨傝偡傞偙偲偑偲偒偳偒偁傝傑偡丅偙偺応崌偼怴偟偄僇乕僱儖傪峔抸偟偰丄偙
偺怴偟偄僇乕僱儖傪巊偆傛偆偵丄僀儞僗僩乕儖僨傿僗僋傪嵞嶌惉偡傞昁梫偑偁
傞偱偟傚偆丅偙傟偵偮偄偰偼丄 RedHat7 CDs mini-HowTo <http://
cambuca.ldhs.cetuc.puc-rio.br/RedHat7-CDs-HowTo.html> 偱丄暥彂偵側偭偰
偄傑偡丅偙傟偼 "Linux Documentation Project" 偐傜偼棙梡偱偒側偄丄旕岞幃
偺 HOWTO 偱偡丅

偙傟傛傝傕屆偄暥彂偱丄埲慜偺 Red Hat 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偺峔抸僾儘僙
僗傪丄傎傏姰慡偵愢柧偟偰偄傞偺偼丄 Burning a RedHat CD HOWTO <http://
www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-formats/html_single/
RedHat-CD-HOWTO.html> [27] 偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Appendix D. 僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偐傜丄 DebianGNU/Linux 傪傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偡
傞

僽乕僩僨傿僗僋偲儖乕僩僨傿僗僋傪嶌惉偟偰壓偝偄

console=ttyS0,9600 偲偄偆僷儔儊乕僞傪晅偗偰丄僽乕僩僨傿僗僋偱僽乕僩偟偰
壓偝偄丅

僀儞僗僩乕儖僾儘僌儔儉傪奐巒偟偰壓偝偄

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Appendix E. 僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偺愝掕

僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偼傕偲傕偲丄儈僯僐儞僺儏乕僞偵抂枛傪愙懕偡傞偨傔偵愝
寁偝傟偨傕偺偱偡丅奺抂枛偵偼 RS-232 億乕僩偑晅偄偰偄傑偡丅儈僯僐儞僺儏
乕僞偲偺愙懕偵偼丄晛捠僀乕僒僱僢僩億乕僩傪巊偄傑偟偨丅抂枛傪愙懕偡傟偽
丄梊傔掕媊偟偰偁傞儅僔儞偺儕僗僩偐傜丄偳偺儅僔儞傪偮側偖偺偐偑慖傋傞傛
偆側丄僐儅儞僪儔僀儞僀儞僞僼僃乕僗偵偮側偑傝傑偡丅偦傟偐傜偦偺儅僔儞偲
偺娫偱丄 Telnet 僙僢僔儑儞偑巒傑傝傑偡丅

帪偑棳傟偰丄僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偼傛傝懡偔偺婡擻傪庤偵擖傟傑偟偨丅椺偊偽
儌僨儉偑愙懕偱偒傞傛偆偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅嵟弶偺偆偪偼丄偙傟傪巊偭偰丄扨偵
儈僯僐儞僺儏乕僞偵揹榖傪偐偗偰丄愙懕偱偒傞傛偆偵側偭偨偩偗偱偟偨偑丄婡
擻偺奼戝偵傛傝丄傎偲傫偳偺僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偼丄旕忢偵懡偔偺僔儕傾儖億
乕僩偑晅偄偨丄儖乕僞乕偵側傞傑偱偵惉挿偟傑偟偨丅

懡偔偺僐儞僜乕儖傪抂枛堦戜偵偮側偘傜傟傞懠偵丄僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偼丄儐
乕僓乕傾僇僂儞僩偲僷僗儚乕僪偑巊偊傞傛偆偵愝掕偱偒傑偡丅偙偆偡傞偙偲偱
丄偳偺儌僨儉偐傜偱傕丄偦偺僐儞僜乕儖偵愙懕偱偒傞傛偆偵側傞堦曽偱丄偦偺
僐儞僜乕儖偵丄枹彸擣偺儐乕僓乕偐傜傾僋僙僗偝傟側偄傛偆偵偟傑偡丅

偙偺僙僋僔儑儞偺巆傝偺晹暘偱偼丄僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕傪慖戰偡傞嵺偵昁梫偵
側傞丄僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偺峸擖帪偺峫椂帠崁傗丄働乕僽儖偺僺儞攝抲丄偦傟
偐傜丄僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偺庬椶傪嬫暿偡傞偺偵昁梫側丄婎杮揑側僜僼僩僂僃
傾偺愝掕傪婰嵹偟傑偡丅

偙偺屻傕忣曬傪偍婑偣壓偝偄丅娊寎偟傑偡丅偙偺 HOWTO 偺曐庣扴摉幰偵揹巕儊
乕儖偱憲偭偰壓偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

E.1. 拞屆偺僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕傪峸擖偡傞嵺偺峫椂帠崁

愄偼僀儞僞乕僱僢僩僒乕價僗僾儘僶僀僟偑丄僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偺戝庤儐乕僓
乕偱偟偨丅奺儌僨儉偼僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕億乕僩偵偮側偑偭偰偄偨偱偟傚偆偟
丄愙懕偟偰偔傞儐乕僓乕偼丄偨傫偵梊傔寛傑偭偨儈僯僐儞僺儏乕僞偩偗偵偱偼
側偔丄偳偙偵偱傕 IP 偑憲傟傞傛偆偵側偭偰偄偨偲巚偄傑偡丅惢憿嬈幰偼偙偺
巊偄曽傪斀塮偡傞傛偆偵丄偦偺憰抲偺柤慜傪丄 乪傾僋僙僗僒乕僶乕乫 偲偐 乪
儌僨儉僒乕僶乕乫 偵曄偊傑偟偨丅

偙傟傜偺傾僋僙僗僒乕僶乕偼怴偟偄悽戙偑偲偭偰戙傢傝傑偟偨丅怴偟偄悽戙偼
丄 ISP 偺儖乕僞乕偵丄揹榖偺僩儔儞僋夞慄傪捈愙憓偟崬傔傞傛偆偵側偭偰偄傑
偡丅儌僨儉偑暿乆偵暘偐傟偰偄傞傢偗偱偼偁傝傑偣傫丅儌僨儉偺僩乕儞偼丄儖
乕僞乕撪晹偵偁傞丄僨僕僞儖僔僌僫儖僾儘僙僢僒僠僢僾偑僨僐乕僪偟傑偡丅偙
偺寢壥崱偱偼丄僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偼拞屆巗応偱丄娙扨偵擖庤偱偒傞傛偆偵側
偭偰偄傑偡丅

拞屆偺僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕傪峸擖偡傞応崌偼丄偦偺僜僼僩僂僃傾偺尃棙傕峸擖
偡傞偙偲傪妋擣偟偰壓偝偄丅夛幮偵傛偭偰偼丄帺暘偨偪偺僜僼僩僂僃傾傪儔僀
僙儞僗偟偰偄偰丄偦偺儔僀僙儞僗偑嵞斕偱偒側偄偙偲丄偦偺僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶
乕偺強桳幰曄峏偺嵺偼丄摉奩夛幮偐傜儔僀僙儞僗傪嵞峸擖偟側偗傟偽側傜側偄
偙偲丄偲偄偆宊栺忦審傪晅偗偰偄傞偲偙傠偑偁傝傑偡丅僜僼僩僂僃傾偺傾僢僾
僨乕僩傪摼傞偵偼丄懡偔偺夛幮偱偼堦斒偵曐庣宊栺偑昁梫偵側傝傑偡丅偙傟傜
偺曐庣宊栺偼崅妟偵側傞壜擻惈偑偁傝丄堦斒揑側悢帤偼丄擭妟偱彫攧壙奿偺 15
僷乕僙儞僩偱偡丅僒乕僪僷乕僥傿偺儊儞僥僫儞僗嬈幰偐傜丄傕偭偲埨壙側僜僼
僩僂僃傾傾僢僾僨乕僩傪擖庤偱偒傞偐傕抦傟傑偣傫丅

屆偄僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偺懡偔偼傕偆斕攧偟偰偄側偄偐丄偁傞偄偼偦偺儀儞僟
乕偺僒億乕僩偑懪偪愗傜傟偰偄傑偡丅儀儞僟乕偺僂僃僽僒僀僩偱 乬end of
life乭 傪扵偟偰壓偝偄丅

偛偔嵟嬤棙梡壜擻偵側偭偨僜僼僩僂僃傾偑丄峸擖偟偨僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偺
RAM 傗僼儔僢僔儏儊儌儕偺惂栺撪偱廂傑傜側偄応崌丄儀儞僟乕偺僒億乕僩偑丄
摿偵栤戣偲側傞偙偲偑偁傝傑偡丅拞屆偺僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕傪峸擖偡傞偺偼丄
偙偺偙偲傪挷傋偰偐傜偵偟偨傎偆偑偄偄偱偟傚偆丅偦偆偟側偄偲丄僼儔僢僔儏
儊儌儕偺傾僢僾僌儗乕僪偑丄挊偟偔崲擄偵側傞壜擻惈偑偁傝傑偡丅偲偄偆偺偼
丄儅僓乕儃乕僪忋偺 ROM 傕丄僼儔僢僔儏儊儌儕偺摿惈傪暘偐偭偰偄傞傕偺偵丄
抲偒姺偊傞昁梫偑偁傞偐傕抦傟側偄偐傜偱偡丅

偙傟偼僼儔僢僔儏儊儌儕愝寁偺幐攕偱偡丅偙偺傛偆側僒乕僶乕偱偼丄僼儔僢僔
儏儊儌儕偼丄儊儌儕偺撉傒彂偒偵梫偡傞僞僀儈儞僌偱偼側偔丄儌僨儖柤偱偦傟
帺恎傪幆暿偟傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄僼儔僢僔儏儊儌儕偐傜僜僼僩僂僃傾傪儘乕僪偡
傞応崌偼丄僽乕僩 ROM 偵偼丄僼儔僢僔儏儊儌儕偺儌僨儖偲僞僀儈儞僌偺昞偑昁
梫偱偡丅

Kingston <http://www.kingston.com/> 偲偐 MemoryX <http://
www.memoryx.net/> 偲偄偭偨丄僒乕僪僷乕僥傿偺晹昳儊乕僇乕偱偼丄捠忢僟僀
僫儈僢僋RAM 傗僼儔僢僔儏儊儌儕傪採嫙偟偰偄傑偡丅偱偡偑晛捠偼 ROM 傕僗僞
僥傿僢僋RAM 傕採嫙偱偒傑偣傫丅

屆偄僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偺傎偲傫偳偼丄 Secure Shell 傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傑偣
傫丅偙偺応崌丄僀乕僒僱僢僩億乕僩偱僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偵傾僋僙僗偡傞偲偄
偆峫偊偼傑偢偄偱偡丅偮傑傝僐儞僜乕儖偵儘僌僀儞偡傞偲丄帺暘偺僷僗儚乕僪
偑暯暥偱僀儞僞乕僱僢僩忋傪棳傟偰偟傑偄傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶
乕偵揹榖偟偰愙懕偡傞偐丄偁傞偄偼 S/KEY 擣徹晅偒偺丄 RADIUS 僾儘僩僐儖偲
偄偭偨傛偆側丄儚儞僞僀儉僷僗儚乕僪僔僗僥儉傪巊偭偰壓偝偄丅

偁傞偄偼丄暿偺 Linux 儅僔儞傪堦戜梡堄偟偰丄儅儖僠億乕僩偺僔儕傾儖僇乕僪
傪巊偭偰傕偐傑偄傑偣傫丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

E.2. Cisco 2511

Cisco 2511 傾僋僙僗僒乕僶乕偵懳偡傞婎杮揑側愝掕偼丄 Figure E-1 偵帵偟偰
偁傝傑偡丅摨偠傛偆側愝掕偼丄懠偺僔僗僐偺傾僋僙僗僒乕僶乕偱傕摦嶌偡傞偲
巚偄傑偡丅 Cisco 偵偼 web site <http://www.cisco.com/> 偵桪傟偨僪僉儏儊
儞僩偑偁傝傑偡丅惓偟偄 Configuration guide 傪尒偮偗傞偙偲偐傜巒傔偰偔偩
偝偄丅

僔僗僐偁傞偄偼嵞斕嬈幰偲偺尰嵼偺曐庣宊栺偼丄僜僼僩僂僃傾傾僢僾僨乕僩傪
僟僂儞儘乕僪偡傞偺偵昁梫偱偡丅偙偺宊栺偵偼丄僼儔僢僔儏儊儌儕偺傾僢僾僌
儗乕僪偵昁梫側丄 ROM 偵娭偡傞忦崁傕擖偭偰偄傑偡丅傎偲傫偳偺娗妽嬫堟偱偼
丄僔僗僐偺僜僼僩僂僃傾儔僀僙儞僗偼忳搉壜擻偵偼側偭偰偄傑偣傫丅偱偡偐傜
丄拞屆巗応偱傾僋僙僗僒乕僶乕傪峸擖偟偨応崌偼丄僔僗僐偐嵞斕嬈幰偐傜丄僜
僼僩僂僃傾儔僀僙儞僗傪峸擖偡傞昁梫偑偁傞偲巚偄傑偡丅

Figure E-1. Linux PC 偑偮側偑偭偰偄傞 Cisco 2511 僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偵懳
偡傞婎杮愝掕

interface Async1                                                       
 description To Linux computer                                         
 ip unnumbered Loopback0                                               
 async mode interactive                                                
 no peer default ip address                                            
                                                                       
line 1                                                                 
 location To Linux PC                                                  
 session-timeout 30                                                    
 no exec                                                               
 login                                                                 
 modem InOut                                                           
 terminal-type vt100                                                   
 special-character-bits 8                                              
 transport preferred none                                              
 transport input telnet                                                
 telnet break-on-ip                                                    
 telnet ip-on-break                                                    
 stopbits 1                                                            
 flowcontrol hardware                                                  
                                                                       
line vty 0 4                                                           
 location Network                                                      
 password PASSWORD                                                     
 login local                                                           
 terminal-type vt100                                                   
 transport preferred none                                              
 transport output telnet                                               

Linux 傪 Cisco 2500 僔儕乕僘偺儖乕僞乕偵堏怉偟偰偄傞偲偙傠 <http://
www.mcvax.org/~koen/uClinux-cisco2500/> 偑偁傝傑偡丅偙偺 HOWTO 偺幏昅帪
揰偱偼丄 Cisco 2511 偱旕摨婜億乕僩偼僒億乕僩偟偰偄傑偣傫偱偟偨丅僔僗僐
偺 IOS 偺戙傢傝偵 Linux 傪摦偐偡枺椡偼丄 Linux 偑 SSH 傪僒億乕僩偱偒傞
偲偄偆揰偵偁傝傑偡丅偙偺暥彂偺幏昅帪揰偱偼丄旕岞幃偺儀乕僞斉偼尒偐偗傑
偟偨偑丄僔僗僐偼丄 Cisco 2500 僔儕乕僘偺儖乕僞乕梡偺 SSH 傪丄傑偩儕儕乕
僗偟偰偄傑偣傫偱偟偨丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

E.3. Xyplex/iTouch MAXserver 1600

Xyplex 僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偵娭偡傞忣曬傪摼傞偺偵栶棫偮僒僀僩偼丄 http://
www.gno.org/~gdr/xyplex/ 偱偡丅働乕僽儖攝慄偵偮偄偰偼丄 http://
www.conserver.com/consoles/xyplexcons.html 偱榑偠偰偄傑偡丅

Xyplex 僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偼丄尰嵼 iTouch Communications <http://
www.itouchcom.com/> 幮偑惢憿偟偰偄傑偡丅 iTouch 偲寢傫偱偄傞丄尰帪揰偱
桳岠側曐庣宊栺偑丄僜僼僩僂僃傾傾僢僾僨乕僩偺僟僂儞儘乕僪偵昁梫偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

E.4. Xylogics/Bay/Nortel Annex

Annex 偺僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偵娭偡傞忣曬傪廤傔傞偺偵栶棫偮僒僀僩偼丄 
http://www.ofb.net/~jheiss/annex/ 偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

E.5. Livingston/Lucent Portmaster

嵟弶偵丄Figure E-2 偵帵偡傛偆偵丄僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偺愝掕傪峴側偄傑偡丅
偙偺恾偱偼丄example 偲偄偆僔僗僥儉柤傪梡偄丄 IP 傾僪儗僗偼 10.1.2.3丄僱
僢僩儅僗僋偼 255.255.255.0丄僎乕僩僂僃僀傾僪儗僗偼 10.1.2.254丄DNS 僒乕
僶乕偺傾僪儗僗偼 10.1.1.1 偵偟偰偁傝傑偡丅偙傟傜偺傾僪儗僗偼丄偛帺暘偺
僱僢僩儚乕僋偱偍巊偄偺傾僪儗僗偵抲偒姺偊偰壓偝偄丅

Figure E-2. Portmaster 儐僯僢僩偺愝掕

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆set sysname example                                                 劆
劆set password PASSWORD                                               劆
劆set ether0 address 10.1.2.3                                         劆
劆set ether0 netmask 255.255.255.0                                    劆
劆set ether0 broadcast high                                           劆
劆set gateway 10.1.2.254                                              劆
劆set namesvc dns                                                     劆
劆set nameserver 10.1.1.1                                             劆
劆save all                                                            劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

偱偼丄僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偺奺僔儕傾儖億乕僩傪愝掕偟傑偟傚偆丅偦偺條巕偼
丄Figure E-3 偵帵偟偰偁傝傑偡丅

Figure E-3. Portmaster 偺億乕僩愝掕

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆set s0 service_device telnet 2000                                   劆
劆set s0 device                                                       劆
劆reset s0                                                            劆
劆set s1 service_device telnet 2001                                   劆
劆set s1 device                                                       劆
劆reset s1                                                            劆
劆乧                                                                  劆
劆set s29 service_device telnet 2029                                  劆
劆set s29 device                                                      劆
劆reset s29                                                           劆
劆save all                                                            劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

僔儕傾儖億乕僩 0 偵愙懕偡傞偵偼丄 telnet example 2000 僐儅儞僪傪幚峴偟
偰壓偝偄丅懠偺僔儕傾儖僨僶僀僗偵 telnet 偱愙懕偡傞応崌偼丄憡墳偺 TCP 億
乕僩斣崋傪巊偭偰壓偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Appendix F. 奐敪幰傊偺偍婅偄

F.1. 僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺嶌幰傊偺偍婅偄

僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偱僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傞偙偲偑丄旕忢偵栶棫
偭偰偄傑偡丅僒億乕僩偟偰偔傟偰姶幱偟傑偡丅

僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偼 8250A UART 偲丄偦偺僾儘僌儔儉屳姺偺屻宲偱偁傞丄 82510
丄 16450丄 16550丄偍傛傃丄 16750 傪僒億乕僩偟偰偔偩偝偄丅 IBM PC/XT 偱
巊傢傟偰偄傞僔儕傾儖僠僢僾 8250 (A偼晅偐側偄) 偲丄偦偺屻宲偱偁傞 8250B
偺僒億乕僩偼晄梫偱偡丅 8250A 偺僨乕僞僔乕僩偼 82C50A CMOS Asynchronous
Communications Element <http://www.intersil.com/data/FN/FN2/FN2958/
FN2958.pdf> 偵偁傝丄僀儞僥儖偺惓岆昞丄 82510 PC Software Compatibility
<http://support.intel.com/support/controllers/peripheral/7513.htm> 偱峏
怴偝傟偰偄傑偡丅 16550 偺僨乕僞僔乕僩偼丄 PC16550D Universal
Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter with FIFOs <http://www.national.com/
ds/PC/PC16550D.pdf> 偱偡丅

僔儕傾儖億乕僩偲僔儕傾儖僷儔儊乕僞傪愝掕偡傞偨傔丄 Linux 偺僽乕僩儘乕僟
乕偺傎偲傫偳偼丄僇乕僱儖偺僐儞僜乕儖僷儔儊乕僞傪儌僨儖偵偟偨峔暥傪巊偭
偰偄傑偡丅偄偢傟偵偣傛丄儐乕僓乕偼僇乕僱儖峔暥傪妎偊傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡偐
傜丄偙偺傑傑堦娧惈傪堐帩偡傞偺偼偆傑偄傗傝曽偩傠偆偲巚偄傑偡丅

僨僼僅儖僩抣偼 9600bps丄僨乕僞偼 8 價僢僩丄僷儕僥傿柍偟丄僗僩僢僾價僢僩
偼 1 價僢僩偦傟偵 CTS/RTS 偺僼儘乕惂屼偵偟偰偔偩偝偄丅偙偆偟偰偍偗偽丄
僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偆懠偺僾儘僌儔儉偲偺憡屳塣梡惈偑嵟戝偵側傝傑偡丅

掅懍傕偳偆偐柍帇偟側偄偱壓偝偄丅僯儏乕僊僯傾崅抧偺丄搆曕偱嶰擔偐偗偰搊
傞傛偆側嶳拞偵僐儞僺儏乕僞偑偁傞応崌丄儕儌乕僩偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偼丄
堦斣壙抣偑偁傝傑偡丅揤岓忦審偑埆偄拞偱丄抁攇(HF) 柍慄偱 75bps 傪墇偊傞
懍搙傪弌偡偺偼崲擄偱偡丅

儌僨儉偺僗僥乕僞僗儔僀儞傪巊偆応崌偼丄廬棃偺傗傝曽偵廬偭偰壓偝偄丅拝怣
偺僗僥乕僞僗乮DSR 偲 DCD乯傗丄僴儞僪僔僃乕僋儔僀儞乮RTS乯傪柍帇偟偰偄偰
傕丄彮側偔偲傕憲弌偡傞僗僥乕僞僗乮DTR) 偲丄僴儞僪僔僃乕僋 (CTS 偺儔僀儞
偼丄傾僒乕僩偡傞傛偆偵偟偰壓偝偄丅惓偟偔愝掕偟偨儌僨儉偼丄 DTR 偑棊偪偰
偄傞帪偵丄拝怣偼庴偗傑偣傫丅偦傟偵 DTR 傪棊偲偡偲丄儌僨儉偑僴儞僌傾僢僾
偡傞偙偲偵側傝傑偡丅

BIOS 偑丄偡偱偵 UART 傪弶婜壔偟偰偁傝丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偵偦偺偙偲傪抦傜偣
傞偙偲偑偱偒傞丄愝掕僆僾僔儑儞傪梡堄偟偰偄傞偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅偙偺偙偲傪
峫偊偵擖傟偰壓偝偄丅僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偑 UART 傪弶婜壔偡傞偲丄 DTR 偑棊偪偰
丄儔僀儞偼僴儞僌傾僢僾偟傑偡丅応崌偵傛偭偰偼丄僴儞僌傾僢僾偡傞偨傃偵塹
惎夞慄傪嵞梊栺偟側偄偲丄暿偺揹榖偑拝怣偱偒側偔側傝傑偡丅

儔僀儞僲僀僘偵娭偡傞梫審傪枮偨偟偰壓偝偄丅僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偑僗僞乕僩偟偰
丄偦傟偐傜柍堄枴側暥帤傪 2丄3 昩偛偲偵弌偟偰偄傞丄偲憐憸偟偰傒偰偔偩偝
偄丅偙傟偼柍榑傑偢偄偺偱偡偑丄傕偟儅僔儞偑丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺僾儘儞僾僩
偱丄棫墲惗偟偨傑傑偩偲偡傞偲丄儌僨儉撪偺忈奞傪丄墦妘抧偐傜恌抐偟偰丄廋
暅偡傞偺偼崲擄偱偡丅夝寛曽朄偼丄僞僀儅乕偺帪娫愗傟偱丄僨僼僅儖僩僀儊乕
僕傪僽乕僩偡傞偙偲偱偡丅傕偟儐乕僓乕乮偁傞偄偼儔僀儞僲僀僘乯偑僞僀僾傪
巒傔偨偲偟偰傕丄僽乕僩偼巒傑傝傑偡丅椺偊偽丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺愝掕偼埲壓
偺傛偆偵偱偒傑偡丅

# 30暘屻偵偲偵偐偔儅僔儞傪僗僞乕僩偝偣傞                               
#   30 * 60 昩 * 10 暘偺 1 昩扨埵                                      
lifetime 18000                                                         

僨僼僅儖僩偱偼儔僀僼僞僀儅乕偼柍偄偼偢偱偡丅偙偺僞僀儅乕偼丄棙梡棪偑崅
偄傾僾儕働乕僔儑儞偱傕栶偵棫偪傑偡丅棙梡棪偑 99.999% 偵側傞傛偆偵寁夋偝
傟偰偄傞娐嫬偱儅僔儞傪巊偆応崌丄偙偺 "lifetime"抣偼丄3 暘慜屻偵愝掕偟偰
偔偩偝偄丅

BIOS 偐傜撉傒崬傫偩忣曬偑惓偟偄偙偲傪妋擣偟偰壓偝偄丅椺偊偽丄傕偟僔儕傾
儖億乕僩偺儗僕僗僞傾僪儗僗偼 0x000 偩偲丄 BIOS 偺奼挘僨乕僞僄儕傾偑帵嵈
偟偰偄傞応崌偼丄儗僕僗僞傪弶婜壔偟傛偆偲偟側偄偱偔偩偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

F.2. BIOS 偺嶌幰傊偺偍婅偄

奆偝傫偺 BIOS 偵丄儕儌乕僩憖嶌偺僒億乕僩傪捛壛偟偰偔傟偰姶幱偟傑偡丅 2
丄3 夵慞偡傟偽丄偙傟傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傞棙揰偑嵟戝偵側傝傑偡丅偦偺傎偲傫
偳偼丄Section F.1 偵嵹偣偰偁傝傑偡丅

 丒 儐乕僓乕僀儞僞僼僃乕僗偼丄扨弮側傑傑偵偟偰偍偄偰壓偝偄丅攈庤側僇乕
    僜儖偱巜偟帵偡傛偆側抂枛傪丄僒億乕僩偡傞昁梫偼偁傝傑偣傫丅尒塰偊偺
    椙偄婡擻傪晅偗偰傕丄巊偊傞抂枛僄儈儏儗乕僞僋儔僀傾儞僩偺悢傪丄惂尷
    偡傞偩偗偱偡丅嬃偔傎偳懡悢偺抂枛僄儈儏儗乕僞偑丄旕忢偵僶僌偑懡偄
    DEC VT100 傪幚憰偟偰偄傑偡丅
   
    掅懍傪僒億乕僩偡傞懠偵丄僨乕僞揮憲検偑彮側偄応崌偺丄儐乕僓乕僀儞僞
    僼僃乕僗傕帋尡偟偰壓偝偄丅
   
 丒 偁傑傝傗傝夁偓側偄偱壓偝偄丅 Linux 偱偼丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偲僆儁儗乕僥
    傿儞僌僔僗僥儉偺椉曽偑丄僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪柧帵揑偵僒億乕僩偟偰偄
    傑偡丅偱偡偐傜 BIOS 偵昁梫側偺偼丄 BIOS 帺恎偺僔儕傾儖僀儞僞僼僃乕
    僗傪僒億乕僩偡傞偙偲偩偗偱偡丅 Linux 偼丄斈梡偺僔儕傾儖儕僟僀儗僋僔
    儑儞婡擻傪丄僒億乕僩偡傞昁梫偼偁傝傑偣傫丅偳偆偟偰傕懠偺僆儁儗乕僥
    傿儞僌僔僗僥儉梡偵丄偦偆偄偭偨婡擻傪梡堄偡傞応崌偼丄偤傂僔僗僥儉僽
    乕僩屻偵丄偦偺婡擻傪柍岠偵偱偒傞傛偆偵偟偰壓偝偄丅
   
 丒 儔僀儞僲僀僘偺偣偄偱丄僐儞僺儏乕僞偑僽乕僩偱偒側偔側傞傛偆偵偼偟側
    偄偱壓偝偄丅 BIOS 偺愝掕夋柺偵擖傞偺偵丄昁梫側僉乕擖椡偑堦偮偟偐側
    偄丄偲偄偆偙偲偼巭傔偰壓偝偄丅 dell 傗 hp 偁傞偄偼 ibm 偺傛偆偵僼儗
    乕僘傪巊偭偰丄儐乕僓乕傗塩嬈晹栧偺恖偨偪傪僴僢僺乕偵偟偰壓偝偄丅
    lifetime 偺傾僀僨傾偼丄 Section F.1偐傜僐僺乕偟偰壓偝偄丅
   
 丒 庱旜堦娧偟偨僾儘儞僾僩傪昞帵偟偰壓偝偄丅 500 戜偺 PC 傪丄僗乕僷乕僐
    儞僺儏乕僞傾儗僀偵偟偰巊偭偰偄傞儐乕僓乕傪憐憸偟偰傒偰偔偩偝偄丅帺
    暘偱傕 BIOS 偺僷儔儊乕僞傪曄偊偨偄偟傚偆丅 Expect <http://
    expect.nist.gov/> 偑丄偦偺僷儔儊乕僞傪愝掕偟傗偡偄傛偆偵偟偰壓偝偄
    丅
   
 丒 Linux 偺儐乕僥傿儕僥傿偑摦嶌偡傞偙偲傪曐徹偟偰壓偝偄丅 Linux 偺
    nvram 僨僶僀僗僪儔僀僶偑丄 CMOS 偺撪梕傪偡傋偰曉偡偐偳偆偐妋擣偟偰
    壓偝偄丅偦偆偡傟偽丄戝検偺儅僔儞偱娙扨偵丄摨偠撪梕偺 CMOS 愝掕偑偱
    偒傑偡丅 Figure F-2 偲 Figure F-3 偵偁傞僐儅儞僪偑丄偁傞儅僔儞偐傜
    暿偺儅僔儞傊丄 BIOS 偺愝掕傪僐僺乕偡傞傛偆偵摦嶌偡傞偼偢偱偡丅偙偙
    偱偄偆儅僔儞偺宆丄儌僨儖丄偍傛傃 BIOS 偺僶乕僕儑儞偼摨堦偱偡丅
   
    Figure F-1. /dev/nvram 傪愝掕偟偰丄CMOS 偺愝掕偵傾僋僙僗偡傞
   
    劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
    劆bash# /dev/MAKEDEV nvram                                劆
    劆bash# vi /etc/modules.conf                              劆
    劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
   
    alias char-major-10-144 nvram                               
   
    劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
    劆bash# depmod -a                                         劆
    劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
   
    Figure F-2. CMOS 偺愝掕傪摼傞
   
    劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
    劆bash# cat /dev/nvram > /etc/nvram.bin                   劆
    劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
   
    Figure F-3. CMOS 偺撪梕傪愝掕偡傞
   
    劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
    劆bash# cat /etc/nvram.bin > /dev/nvram                   劆
    劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊
 丒 Linux 偐傜摦偐偣傞丄僼儔僢僔儏 BIOS 偺傾僢僾僌儗乕僪僾儘僌儔儉傪梡
    堄偟偰壓偝偄丅偦偟偰偦偺僜乕僗僐乕僪偑棙梡偱偒傞傛偆偵偟偰壓偝偄丅
    偁傞偄偼丄巇條傪岞奐偟偰壓偝偭偰傕偐傑偄傑偣傫丅偦偆偡傟偽丄偦偆偄
    偆僾儘僌儔儉偼彂偗傑偡丅
   
    僼儔僢僔儏 BIOS 偺傾僢僾僨乕僩僾儘僌儔儉偼丄偦偺懡偔偑儅僀僋儘僜僼
    僩偺 MS-DOS 偺僽乕僩僨傿僗僋偐傜婲摦偟傑偡丅偦偺傾僢僾僨乕僩僾儘僌
    儔儉偑丄摨偠傛偆側 FreeDOS 偱傕摦嶌偡傞偐偳偆偐丄偤傂挷傋偰壓偝偄丅
    Linux 僐儞僺儏乕僞偺懡偔偼丄儅僀僋儘僜僼僩偺僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥
    儉僜僼僩僂僃傾偺儔僀僙儞僗傪帩偭偰偄傑偣傫丅偱偡偐傜丄朄棩忋偼丄
    MS-DOS 偺僽乕僩僨傿僗僋嶌惉偑晄壜擻偱偡丅
   
 丒 BIOS 偑旛偊偰偄傞僔儕傾儖僒乕價僗偵偮偄偰丄僪僉儏儊儞僩偱柧傜偐偵偟
    偰壓偝偄丅 乪僔儕傾儖儕僟僀儗僋僔儑儞乫 婡擻傪帩偭偰偄傞 BIOS 偺拞
    偵偼丄 BIOS 傪晛捠偺僥僉僗僩抂枛偵儕僟僀儗僋僩偱偒偢丄偦偺戙傢傝偵
    愱梡偺僾儘僩僐儖傪巊偆傛偆偵側偭偰偄傞傕偺偑偁傝傑偡丅偱傕偙傟偱偼
    丄 Linux 偺僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖儐乕僓乕偵偼丄傎偲傫偳栶偵棫偪傑偣傫丅
   
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Appendix G. 偙偺 HOWTO 偵偮偄偰

G.1. 挊嶌尃

杮愡偺朚栿偼嶲峫偱偡丅惓幃側傕偺偼塸暥傪偍撉傒壓偝偄丅

The first edition of this document is copyright 2001 Mark F. Komarinski
and is distributed under the terms of the Linux Documentation Project
(LDP) License, see Section G.1.1.

杮暥彂偺弶斉偺挊嶌尃偼 copyright 2001 Mark F. Komarin ski 偲側偭偰偍傝
丄 Linux Documentation Project (LDP) License 偺忦審壓偱攝晍偝傟偰偄傑偡
丅摉奩儔僀僙儞僗偵偮偄偰偼丄 "Linux Documentation Project License" 偺僙
僋僔儑儞傪傒偰壓偝偄丅

The revisions to this document for the second edition are copyright
AARNet Pty Ltd (Australian Company Number 084 540 518), 2001-2002.
These parts were written by Glen Turner. He asserts his moral rights to
be identified as one of the authors of this work under the Copyright
Act 1968 (Commonwealth of Australia). The Australian Academic and
Research Network and Glen Turner distribute these parts under the terms
of the Linux Documentation Project (LDP) License, see Section G.1.1.

戞擇斉偵偮偄偰偺杮暥彂偺夵掶斉偺挊嶌尃偼 copyright AARNet Pty Ltd
(Australian Company Number 084 540 518), 2001-2002 偲側偭偰偄傑偡丅偙傟
傜偺晹暘偼 Glen Turner 偑彂偒傑偟偨丅 Copyright Act 1968 (Commonwealth
of Australia) 偺壓偱丄Glen Turner 偼帺暘偑偙偺暥彂偺挊幰偺堦恖偱偁傞偲
徹柧偡傞摴媊揑尃棙傪庡挘偟傑偡丅 The Australian Academic and Research
Network 偲 Glen Turner 偼 Linux Documentation Project (LDP) License 偺
忦審壓偱偙傟傜偺晹暘傪攝晍偟傑偡丅摉奩儔僀僙儞僗偵偮偄偰偼丄 "Linux
Documentation Project License" 偺僙僋僔儑儞傪傒偰壓偝偄丅

This license meets the Debian Free Software Guidelines <http://
www.debian.org/social_contract.html#guidelines>, so you should find
this HOWTO in the Debian package doc-linux-html.

杮儔僀僙儞僗偼 Debian Free Software Guidelines <http://www.debian.org/
social_contract.html#guidelines> 傪枮偨偟偰偄傑偡偺偱丄偙偺 HOWTO 偼
Debian 僷僢働乕僕偺 doc-linux-html 偵偁傞偼偢偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

G.1.1. Linux Documentation Project License

杮愡偺朚栿偼嶲峫偱偡丅惓幃側傕偺偼塸暥傪偍撉傒壓偝偄丅

Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by their
respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and
distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
like to be notified of any such distributions.

懠偵摿暿柧尵偝傟偰偄側偄尷傝丄 Linux HOWTO 暥彂偺挊嶌尃偼屄乆偺挊幰偵懏
偡傞丅偙偺挊嶌尃偺崘抦偑偦偺偡傋偰偺暋惢偱堐帩偝傟傞尷傝丄 Linux HOWTO
暥彂偼丄偦偺慡懱丄偁傞偄偼偦偺堦晹傪丄偳偺傛偆側暔棟揑側偄偟揹巕揑攠懱
偱丄嵞嶌惉側偄偟攝晍偟偰傕椙偄丅彜嬈揑嵞攝晍偼偙傟傪嫋壜偟丄傑偨彠椼偡
傞丅偨偩偟偦偺傛偆側攝晍偼偄偢傟傕偦偺挊幰偵捠抦偟偰傕傜偄偨偄丅

All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice.
That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux HOWTO
coordinator at the address given below.

東栿暔丄攈惗偟偨挊嶌丄側偄偟偼 Linux HOWTO 暥彂傪慻傒崬傫偩廤崌揑挊嶌偼
丄偡傋偰偙偺挊嶌尃偺崘抦偺壓偱曐岇偝傟偹偽側傜側偄丅偡側傢偪丄 HOWTO 偐
傜攈惗偟偨挊嶌傪嶌惉偟偦偺攝晍暔偵怴偨側惂栺傪壽偡傞偙偲傪偟偰偼側傜側
偄丅偁傞忦審壓偱偼偙傟傜偺婯懃偵懳偡傞椺奜傕嫋壜偝傟傞丅偦偺応崌偼偳偆
偐 Linux HOWTO 挷惍扴摉幰傊壓婰傾僪儗僗埗偰偵楢棈偟偰傕傜偄偨偄丅

In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through
as many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright
on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to
redistribute the HOWTOs.

偮傑傝変乆偼偱偒傞尷傝懡偔偺宱楬傪捠偠偰丄偙偺忣曬偺晛媦傪懀恑偡傞偙偲
傪朷傫偱偄傞丅偟偐偟側偑傜偙偺 HOWTO 暥彂偺挊嶌尃傪堐帩偡傞偙偲偼愗偵朷
傫偱偄傞偟丄偙偺 HOWTO 偺嵞攝晍埬偼偳傫側傕偺偱偁傟丄捠抦偟偰傕傜偄偨偄
丅

If you have any questions, please contact
<linux-howto@metalab.unc.edu>.

偳傫側傕偺偱偁傟幙栤偑偁傟偽丄偳偆偐 <linux-howto@metalab.unc.edu> 偵楢
棈偟偰傕傜偄偨偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

G.2. 柶愑忦崁

杮愡偺朚栿偼嶲峫偱偡丅惓幃側傕偺偼塸暥傪偍撉傒壓偝偄丅

No liability for the contents of this documents can be accepted. Use
the concepts, examples and other content at your own risk. As this is a
new edition of this document, there may be errors and inaccuracies,
that may of course be damaging to your system. Proceed with caution,
and although this is highly unlikely, the author(s) do not take any
responsibility for that.

杮暥彂偺撪梕偵娭偡傞偄偐側傞愑擟傕晧傢側偄丅偦偺奣擮丄椺丄偍傛傃偦偺懠
偺撪梕偼帺暘偺愑擟偵偍偄偰巊梡偡傞偙偲丅偙傟偼杮暥彂偺怴偟偄斉偱偁傞偐
傜丄娫堘偄傗晄惓妋側婰弎偼偁傝偆傞偟丄撉幰偺僔僗僥儉偵旐奞傪偁偨偊傞偙
偲傕摉慠偁傝偆傞丅怲廳偵恑傔偰傕傜偄偨偄丅旐奞傪梌偊傞偙偲偼傑偢側偄偩
傠偆偑丄傕偟旐奞傪梌偊偨偲偟偰傕丄挊幰偼偄偐側傞愑擟傕晧傢側偄丅

All copyrights are held by their by their respective owners, unless
specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not
be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.

偡傋偰偺挊嶌尃偼摿偵懠偱柧婰偟側偄尷傝丄屄乆偺強桳幰偑強桳偡傞丅偙偺暥
彂撪偺梡岅偺巊梡偼丄偳偺傛偆側彜昳彜昗偁傞偄偼栶柋彜昗偺桳岠惈偵傕塭嬁
偡傞偲尒側偡傋偒偱偼側偄丅

Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as
endorsements.

摿掕偺惢昳側偄偟彜昗偺柤徧偵尵媦偟偰傕丄偦傟偑惀擣偝傟偰偄傞偲尒側偡傋
偒偱偼側偄丅

You are strongly recommended to take a backup of your system before
major installation and backups at regular intervals.

婋尟傪敽偆僀儞僗僩乕儖傪峴側偆応崌偼丄帠慜偵僶僢僋傾僢僾傪偲傝丄偐偮掕
婜揑偵僶僢僋傾僢僾傪偲傞偙偲傪丄撉幰偵偼嫮偔悇彠偡傞丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

G.3. 幱帿

偙偺 HOWTO 偺弶斉偼丄Mark Komarinski 偑彂偒傑偟偨丅偙傟偼 Miquel van
Smoorenburg 偑彂偄偨丄 /usr/src/linux/Documentation/serial-console.txt
偵婎偯偄偰偄傑偟偨丅

偙偺 HOWTO 偺戞擇斉偼 Australian Academic and Research Network <http://
www.aarnet.edu.au/>偺僗僞僢僼丄庡偵 Glen Turner 偲 David Vu 偑彂偒傑偟
偨丅

師偺恖偨偪偐傜偼丄偙偺 HOWTO 偵墖彆傪偄偨偩偒傑偟偨丅弴晄摨偱宖嵹偟傑偡
丅

LinuxSA mailing list
   
    戞擇斉偺峑惓丅LinuxSA <http://www.linuxsa.org.au/> 偲偄偆偺偼撿僆乕
    僗僩儔儕傾偵杮嫆傪偍偔 Linux 儐乕僓乕僌儖乕僾偱偡丅
   
David Lawyer
   
    戞擇斉偺媄弍儗價儏乕偲丄峏怴偟偨偙偺 HOWTO 偺 Linux Documentation
    Project 傊偺悇慐丅 David 偼 Text-Terminal-HOWTO <http://
    www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Text-Terminal-HOWTO.html> [28] 偺挊幰偱偡丅
   
Devin Reade
   
    Xyplex 僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偺忣曬丅Devin 偼 http://www.gno.org/~gdr/
    xyplex/ 偱丄 Xyplex 僞乕儈僫儖僒乕僶乕偵娭偡傞忣曬偺曐庣傪偟偰偄傑
    偡丅
   
Linux on Dell PowerEdge mailing list 偺 Michael Brown, Marc Mondragon
    偍傛傃懠偺儊儞僶乕
   
    BIOS 偑暥帤傪偳偆傗偭偰僔儕傾儖億乕僩偵儕僟僀儗僋僩偡傞偺偐傪丄媄弍
    揑偵愢柧偟偰偔傟傑偟偨丅 Linux on Dell PowerEdge list 偼丄
    subscribe linux-poweredge 偲偄偆暥傪娷傓儊僢僙乕僕傪丄
    <linux-poweredge-request@dell.com> 偵憲傟偽峸撉偱偒傑偡丅
   
Thomas Lunde 偲 Gabor Kiss
   
    暥朄偺岆傝偲僞僀僾儈僗傪巜揈偟偰偔傟傑偟偨丅
   
Darren Young
   
    Red Hat Linux 偺僶乕僕儑儞 7.2 梡偵丄 /etc/security/console.perms
    傪峏怴偟偰偔傟傑偟偨丅
   
朏夑桋巎
   
    偙偺 HOWTO 傪 JF Linux documentation 僾儘僕僃僋僩岦偗偵丄擔杮岅偵東
    栿偡傞偐偨傢傜丄戲嶳偺娫堘偄傪巜揈偟偰偔傟傑偟偨丅
   
Thomas Horsley
   
    僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖傪巊偭偰偄偰傕丄 X Window System 偼摦偐偡昁梫偑偁
    傞偐傕偟傟側偄偙偲傪巜揈偟偰偔傟傑偟偨丅 Figure 7-3 偱巊梡偟偰偄傞
    丄 gdm 偺愝掕傪偄偨偩偒傑偟偨丅
   
Greg Matthews, Nathan Neulinger 偍傛傃 Romildo Wildgrube
   
    僇乕僱儖僷儔儊乕僞偵 console=ttyS乧r 傪巊偆偲儅僔儞偑僴儞僌偟偰偟傑
    偭偨偺偱丄偦偺偙偲傪曬崘偟偰偔傟傑偟偨丅偙傟偼嵟弶偵 DSR 偲 DCD 偑
    傾僒乕僩偝傟偰偄傞偐偳偆偐傪挷傋偢偵丄 CTS 傪専嵏偡傞儖乕僾傪峴側偭
    偰偄傞偲偄偆丄僇乕僱儖偺僶僌偵傛傞傕偺偱偡丅
   
Shaun Karl 偲 Keisuke Nakao
   
    Debian GNU/Linux 梡偺庤弴傪偄偨偩偒傑偟偨丅
   
Igor Sviridov
   
    Section E.5 偱巊梡偟偰偄傞丄 Livingstone Portmaster 偺愝掕傪偄偨偩
    偒傑偟偨丅
   
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

G.4. 僐儊儞僩偲掶惓

偙偺 HOWTO 傪尰嵼曐庣偟偰偄傞偺偼 Glen Turner 偱偡丅偳偆偐掶惓傗捛壛丄
僐儊儞僩丄偦偟偰斸昡偼 <glen.turner+howto@aarnet.edu.au> 偵憲偭偰壓偝偄
丅

偙偺 HOWTO 傪巊偭偰丄帺暘偨偪偺儅僔儞偱僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偑偆傑偔愝掕偱
偒偨偲偄偆揹巕儊乕儖傪憲偭偰偔傟偨奆偝傫偵傕姶幱偟傑偡丅偍巊偄偺 HOWTO
偺僶乕僕儑儞乮昞巻傪嶲徠偟偰壓偝偄乯傗丄 Linux 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞柤
偲偦偺僶乕僕儑儞丄懳徾儅僔儞悢偼丄偤傂柧帵偟偰壓偝偄丅偦偺忣曬偑偁傟偽
丄曐庣扴摉幰偼帺暘偺屬庡偵丄偙偺 HOWTO 偵娭傢傞嶌嬈傪懕偗傞偙偲偱惗傑傟
傞廩暘側岞嫟偺棙塿傪帵偡偙偲偑偱偒傑偡丅偦偺忣曬偼丄懠偺偳偺傛偆側栚揑
偵傕巊梡偟傑偣傫丅

Linux 偺夵慞偼懕偄偰偄傑偡丅偱偡偐傜丄偛帺暘偺 Linux 僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔
儑儞偺嵟怴僶乕僕儑儞偵昁梫側丄偦偆偄偭偨彫偝側晹暘揑側曄峏揰傕偳偆偐憲
偭偰壓偝偄丅

偙偺 HOWTO 偺挊幰偼挊弎傪愱栧偵偟偰偄傞傢偗偱偼偁傝傑偣傫丅偱偡偐傜傕偟
棟夝偟擄偄晹暘側偳偑尒偮偐偭偨傜丄偦偺偲偒偼曐庣偟偰偄傞恖偵抦傜偣偰偁
偘偰壓偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

G.5. 擔杮岅斉幱帿

峑惓偵偁偨傝丄JF 僾儘僕僃僋僩偺奆條偵偛嫤椡偄偨偩偒傑偟偨丅摿偵丄埲壓偺
曽乆乮弴晄摨乯偵偼婱廳側傾僪僶僀僗傪偄偨偩偒傑偟偨丅偙偺応傪庁傝偰丄屼
楃怽偟忋偘傑偡丅楅栘峃峅偝傫丄Akihiro KODA偝傫丄 Seiji Kaneko 偝傫丄崅
嫶憦偝傫丄拞栰晲梇偝傫丄嶳壓媊擵偝傫丄擔壓晹梲堦偝傫丄彫栰娫攷偝傫丄嵅
栰晲弐偝傫丄嶳嶈峃岹偝傫丅傕偟丄塳傟偑偁傝傑偟偨傜偛楢棈壓偝偄丅憗媫偵
懳張偄偨偟傑偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Colophon

偙偺暥彂偼 DocBook 4.1 SGML 偱彂偐傟偰偄傑偡丅 SGML 僜乕僗僼傽僀儖傪惗
惉偡傞偨傔偵 XEmacs 偲 PSGML 傪巊梡偟傑偟偨丅 HTML 偲 PostScript 偍傛傃
PDF 偺弌椡偼丄 Linux Documentation Project 偺庤偵傛傝丄DocBook 僜乕僗偐
傜惗惉偝傟傑偟偨丅

Linux Documentation Project 偱惗惉偟偨 PDF 偱偼丄堷梡晞乮乪乫 乬乭乯傗
徣棯晞崋偲偄偭偨傛偆側暥帤偑丄傾儞僷僒儞僪乮&乯偵側偭偰偄傞傛偆偱偡丅偦
偆偄偆帪偼偍偦傜偔丄 PostScript file <http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/
docs/HOWTO/other-formats/ps/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.ps.gz> 傪僟僂儞
儘乕僪偟偰偐傜丄 GhostScript <http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/> 傪巊偄丄
埲壓偺僐儅儞僪偱 PostScript 僼傽僀儖傪 PDF 偵曄姺偟偰傕偐傑偄傑偣傫丅

劇劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劉
劆bash$ gs -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -dSAFER \                                     劆
劆-dNOPLATFONTS -dMaxSubsetPct=100  -dSubsetFonts=true -dEmbedAllFonts=true \ 劆
劆-sPAPERSIZE=a4 -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.2 \                 劆
劆-sOutputFile=Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.pdf \                              劆
劆-c .setpdfwrite -f Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.ps                           劆
劋劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劅劊

Notes

[1]  栿拲丗contradictionary = contradiction乮柕弬丄斲掕乯偲 dictionary 
     乮帿彂乯傪妡偗偨煭棊丅斀岅帿彂偔傜偄偺堄丅                        
                                                                       
[2]  Linux 偺僶乕僕儑儞 2.4 僇乕僱儖傕丄僐儞僜乕儖儊僢僙乕僕傪         
     Centronics 傑偨偼 IEEE 1284-2000 偺丄僷儔儗儖僾儕儞僞僀儞僞僼僃乕 
     僗偵弌椡偡傞婡擻傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傑偡丅                            
                                                                       
[3]  朚栿偼 Serial-HOWTO <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/            
     Serial-HOWTO.html> 偱偡丅                                         
                                                                       
[4]  朚栿偼 Modem-HOWTO <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/             
     Modem-HOWTO.html> 偱偡丅                                          
                                                                       
[5]  bps                                                               
                                                                       
[6]  偙偺堘偄偵偮偄偰偼丄嬝偺捠偭偨棟桼偼偁傝傑偣傫丅偙偺婏柇側揰傪廋惓
     偡傞僷僢僠傪 linux-kernel 儊乕儕儞僌儕僗僩偵墦椂側偔搳峞偟偰偔偩偝
     偄丅                                                              
                                                                       
[7]  價僢僩僞僀儉偲偄偆偺偼丄 1 價僢僩偺揮憲偵梫偡傞帪娫偺偙偲偱偡丅怣 
     崋偺價僢僩僞僀儉偲僨乕僞偺價僢僩偺堘偄偼丄 1.5 價僢僩僞僀儉偺怣崋 
     偲偄偆偺偼偁傝摼傞偗傟偳傕丄 1.5 價僢僩偺僨乕僞偲偄偆偺偼偁傝摼側 
     偄丄偲偄偆偙偲傪峫偊傟偽柧傜偐偱偡丅                              
                                                                       
[8]  朚栿偼丄 Text-Terminal-HOWTO <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/   
     Text-Terminal-HOWTO.html> 偱偡丅                                  
                                                                       
[9]  IBM PC/AT 偺僴乕僪僂僃傾偵偼傛偔偁傞偙偲偱偡偑丄 乬嵟弶偺僴乕僪僨 
     傿僗僋偺 MBR 偐傜丄僽乕僩儘乕僟乕傪儘乕僪偡傞乭 偲偄偆偺偼愢柧偑娙
     扨偡偓傑偡丅 BIOS 偺愝掕偑嫋偣偽丄 BIOS 奼挘傪搵嵹偟偰偄傞僐儞僩儘
     乕儔僇乕僪側傜丄偳傟偵愙懕偝傟偰偄傞僴乕僪僨傿僗僋偱傕丄偦偺偆偪嵟
     弶偵専弌偟偨擇戜偺僴乕僪僨傿僗僋偐傜 MBR 偑儘乕僪偱偒傑偡丅偟偨偑 
     偭偰丄嵟弶偵専弌偟偨擇戜偺 IDE 僨傿僗僋偺偆偪偺堦戜偲丄嵟弶偵専弌 
     偟偨擇戜偺SCSI 僨傿僗僋偺偆偪偺堦戜偐傜丄 MBR 偼儘乕僪偱偒傑偡丅  
                                                                       
[10] 偙傟傕愢柧偑娙扨偡偓傑偡丅 MBR 偑 512 僶僀僩偲偄偆偺偼彫偝夁偓偰丄
     暋嶨側僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥儉傪丄廩暘儘乕僪偱偒傞偩偗偺僾儘僌儔儉
     偼廂傑傝愗傟傑偣傫丅偱偡偐傜丄傎偲傫偳偺僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偵偼抜奒偑擇
     偮偁傝傑偡丅嵟弶偺抜奒偼 MBR 偺拞偵偁傝丄僨傿僗僋偺偳偙偐乮椺偊偽 
     嵟弶偺僷乕僥傿僔儑儞偺僽乕僩僙僋僞乕偺傛偆側応強乯偐傜丄僽乕僩儘乕
     僟乕偺戞擇抜奒傪儘乕僪偡傞偙偲偟偐偱偒傑偣傫丅僽乕僩儘乕僟乕偺戞擇
     抜奒偱偼丄儐乕僓乕僀儞僞僼僃乕僗傪昞帵偟偰丄僆儁儗乕僥傿儞僌僔僗僥
     儉傪儘乕僪偟傑偡丅                                                
                                                                       
[11] 朚栿偼丄 Linux BootPrompt-HOWTO <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/
     BootPrompt-HOWTO.html> 偱偡丅                                     
                                                                       
[12] 朚栿偼丄 LILO mini-HOWTO <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/       
     LILO.html> 偱偡丅                                                 
                                                                       
[13] USB 僪儞僌儖偵晅偗偨僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偼 Linux 偺僶乕僕儑儞 2.5.7 
     埲崀偺僇乕僱儖偱偺傒巊梡壜擻偱偡丅 2.5 僔儕乕僘偺僇乕僱儖偼奐敪幰 
     岦偗偺僶乕僕儑儞偱偁傝丄杮斣梡偵偡偖巊偊傞傕偺偱偼偁傝傑偣傫丅    
                                                                       
[14] 栿拲丗\n 偼偦偺儅僔儞偺儂僗僩柤傪丄\o 偼偦偺儅僔儞偺僪儊僀儞柤丄\l
     偼尰嵼偺 tty 儔僀儞柤傪丄偦傟偧傟昞偟傑偡丅 agetty(8) 嶲徠丅      
                                                                       
[15] 偙傟偼尒偐偗傎偳旕岠棪偱偼偁傝傑偣傫丅斈梡偺僼傽僀儖僔僗僥儉偱僼僅
     乕儅僢僩偟偰偄傞僨傿僗僋偺撪丄嵟屻偺 5 僷乕僙儞僩偼偄偮傕惈擻偑埆 
     壔偡傞偺偱丄嬻偺傑傑偱巆偡偺偑堦斣側傫偱偡丅                      
                                                                       
[16] 栿拲丗僽儗乕僋傾僂僩儃僢僋僗偵娭偟偰尨挊幰偵愢柧傪媮傔偨偲偙傠丄埲
     壓偺僐儊儞僩傪偄偨偩偒傑偟偨丅                                    
                                                                       
     乽僽儗乕僋傾僂僩儃僢僋僗乿偲偄偆偺偼丄働乕僽儖傪梡偄偰偦傟傪屄乆偺
     儚僀傾偵暘偗傞婍嬶偱偡丅偙偆偡傞偲丄偦偺働乕僽儖撪偺儚僀傾堦杮堦杮
     傪娔帇偟偨傝丄棳傟傞忣曬傪曄峏偟偨傝偱偒傞傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅傎偲傫偳
     偺 RS-232 梡僽儗乕僋傾僂僩儃僢僋僗偵偼丄奺儚僀傾偛偲偺 RS-232 怣崋
     傪昞帵偡傞 LED 偑晅偄偰偄傑偡丅傑偨偦偺懡偔偵偼僗僀僢僠傗儚僀傾僕 
     儍儞僷乕偑偁傝丄攝慄傪娙扨偵曄偊傜傟傞傛偆偵側偭偰偄傑偡丅崅壙側  
     RS-232 梡僽儗乕僋傾僂僩儃僢僋僗偵偮偄偰偼丄椙偄幨恀偑 http://     
     www.comcraftfr.com/100c_l.htm <http://www.comcraftfr.com/         
     100c_l.htm> 偵偁傝傑偡丅埨壙側 RS-232 梡偺僽儗乕僋傾僂僩儃僢僋僗偼
     丄偨偄偰偄偺揹婥揦偱尒偮偐傝傑偡丅                                
                                                                       
[17] 偙偺僐儅儞僪椺偱巊梡偟偰偄傞僆僾僔儑儞偼丄-r 偺岆傝偩偲巚傢傟傑偡 
     丅尨挊幰偵偼楢棈嵪傒偱偡偑丄傑偩夞摎偼偁傝傑偣傫丅                
                                                                       
[18] 栿拲丗"The Register" 偵娭偟偰尨挊幰偵栤偄崌傢偣偨偲偙傠丄偙傟偼僆 
     儞儔僀儞怴暦偩偲偄偆摎偊偱偟偨丅応強偼丄 www.theregister.co.uk    
     <http://www.theregister.co.uk/> 偱偡丅                            
                                                                       
[19] 栿拲丗僜僼僩僂僃傾忋偺栤戣揰偑傾儞僟乕僌儔僂儞僪偱敪尒偝傟偨応崌丄
     偦偺栤戣揰偼偁傞婜娫扤偵傕偳偙偵傕曬崘偝傟側偄偙偲偑偁傝丄偦偺婜娫
     傪 "zero day" 偲偄偆傛偆偱偡丅偙偺婜娫偼偦偺栤戣揰傪扤傕抦傜側偄偺
     偱僷僢僠傕柍偄偟懳嶔傕側偄偐傜丄偦偺栤戣揰傪埆梡偱偒傞偲偄偆偺偑  
     "zero day" 偑帩偮堄枴傜偟偄偱偡丅                                 
                                                                       
[20] 栿拲丗僽儔僢僋僴僢僩僴僢僇乕乮僋儔僢僇乕乯偲偄偆偺偼丄埆堄傪帩偭偰
     僐儞僺儏乕僞傗僱僢僩儚乕僋偵怤擖偟偰丄僼傽僀儖傪夡偟偨傝僨乕僞傪搻
     傫偩傝偡傞傛偆偱偡丅懳偡傞儂儚僀僩僴僢僩僴僢僇乕偼丄僐儞僺儏乕僞傗
     僱僢僩儚乕僋偺僙僉儏儕僥傿忋偺庛揰傪尒偮偗偰偦傟傪岞昞偟丄娗棟幰偑
     偦偺庛揰傪廋暅偱偒傞傛偆偵偟傑偡丅                                
                                                                       
[21] 栿拲丗儀僀僋僪傾儔僗僇(Baked Alaska)偲偄偆偺偼丄僗億儞僕働乕僉偵傾
     僀僗僋儕乕儉傪嵹偣偰丄儊儗儞僎偱曪傒丄僆乕僽儞偱偝偭偲從偄偨僨僓乕
     僩偺偙偲丅                                                        
                                                                       
[22] 偟偐偟丄帺暘偑椙偄偲巚偆傛偆側僷僗儚乕僪傪丄専嶕僄儞僕儞偱専嶕偟側
     偄偱偔偩偝偄丅僀儞僞乕僱僢僩偵暯暥偱僷僗儚乕僪傪憲傞偺偼椙偄偙偲偱
     偼側偄偟丄専嶕僄儞僕儞偺儘僌偵丄偦偺僷僗儚乕僪偑嵹偭偰偟傑偆壜擻惈
     傕偁傝傑偡丅                                                      
                                                                       
[23] 栿拲丗偙偺婰帠偺僞僀僩儖偼 "Serial Terminal as Console" 偲側偭偰偄
     傑偡丅URL 偼庒姳堘偭偰偄偰丄 "http://linuxjournal.com/article.php?
     sid=2040" 偵側偭偰偄傞傛偆偱偡丅                                  
                                                                       
[24] 朚栿偼丄 Serial-HOWTO <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/          
     Serial-HOWTO.html> 偱偡丅                                         
                                                                       
[25] 栿拲丗僔儕傾儖僐儞僜乕儖偺僴儞僌傾僢僾傪廋暅偡傞丄怴偟偄 SysVinit 
     僷僢働乕僕                                                        
                                                                       
[26] 栿拲丗2002 擭 6 寧 17 擔尰嵼丄摉奩傾僢僾僨乕僩偼 ftp://           
     updates.redhat.com/7.1/en/os/ <ftp://updates.redhat.com/7.1/en/os 
     /> 偵側偭偰偄傞傛偆偱偡丅                                         
                                                                       
[27] 朚栿偼丄 Burning a RedHat CD HOWTO <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/    
     JFdocs/RedHat-CD-HOWTO.html> 偱偡丅                               
                                                                       
[28] Text-Terminal-HOWTO <http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/            
     Text-Terminal-HOWTO.html> 偱偡丅                                  

