USB 僨僕僞儖僇儊儔 HOWTO

Dave Kelly

daveekelly@earthlink.net

嶳岥偮偐偝 - 擔杮岅栿

PDC01212@nifty.com

2002 擭 4 寧

Revision History                                                       
Revision 2.0       2002 擭 6 寧 2 擔            Revised by: tab        
Docbook XML 4.1.2 宍幃偵曄姺                                           
Revision 1.0       2002 擭 4 寧 13 擔           Revised by: dek        
弶斉岞奐                                                               

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Table of Contents
1. 儔僀僙儞僗
   
    1.1. 挊嶌尃
    1.2. 栚揑
    1.3. 懳徾偲偡傞婡婍
    1.4. 嶲峫忣曬
   
2. 杮 HOWTO 偺慜採忦審
3. 壓弨旛
4. 僗僋儕僾僩僼傽僀儖
   
    4.1. 堦斒儐乕僓乕偲偟偰儘僌僀儞偟偰偄傞応崌
    4.2. 僗乕僷乕儐乕僓乕偲偟偰儘僌僀儞偟偰偄傞応崌
    4.3. 僗僋儕僾僩傪幚峴壜擻偵偡傞
    4.4. 僗僋儕僾僩偺幚峴拞偵峴傢傟傞張棟
   
5. 帋峴偲旝挷惍
   
    5.1. 峇偰傆偨傔偔慜偵妋擣傪
   
6. 徟傜偢偵妋擣偡傞偙偲!
7. 嵟屻偺偍傑偗
A. 晅榐 A
   
    A.1. PART 1
    A.2. PART 2
   
B. 晅榐 B
C. 晅榐 C
D. Gnu Free Documentation License
   
    D.1. PREAMBLE
    D.2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
    D.3. VERBATIM COPYING
    D.4. COPYING IN QUANTITY
    D.5. MODIFICATIONS
    D.6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
    D.7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
    D.8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
    D.9. TRANSLATION
    D.10. TERMINATION
    D.11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
    D.12. How to use this License for your documents
   
E. 擔杮岅栿偵偮偄偰

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Chapter 1. 儔僀僙儞僗

1.1. 挊嶌尃

Copyright 2001 Dave Kelly, et al.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in Appendix D.

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1.2. 栚揑

杮 HOWTO 偺懳徾偼丄Linux 偺弶怱幰偱儐僯僶乕僒儖僔儕傾儖僶僗 (USB) 儅僗
僗僩儗乕僕懳墳偺僨僕僞儖僇儊儔傪婛偵帩偭偰偄傞恖偲偙傟偐傜峸擖偟傛偆偲
偟偰偄傞恖偱偡丅巹偺傛偆偵丄抋惗擔偺僾儗僛儞僩偵扤偐偐傜僨僕僇儊傪傕傜
偭偨偙偲偑偁傟偽丄偔傟偨恖偺婥暘傪奞偟偨偔側偐偭偨偺偱曉偟偰偟傑偆偙偲
偼偱偒傑偣傫丅偦偟偰 Linux 偺儅僯儏傾儖傪弉撉偟偰僨僕僇儊傪摦偐偦偆偲偟
傑偡丅儅僯儏傾儖偵偼偱偒側偄偙偲偼彂偐傟偰側偄丄偮傑傜側偄幙栤傕側偄丄
傑偩庤偵擖傟偰偄側偄偺偼忣曬偩偗偱偡丅

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1.3. 懳徾偲偡傞婡婍

偙偙偱偺庤弴偼 Linux 僇乕僱儖僶乕僕儑儞 2.4.8 偱妋擣偟丄僥僗僩偵巊偭偨
婡婍偼 4MB 偲 64MB 偺儊儌儕乕僗僥傿僢僋傪撪憼偟偨僜僯乕 P-50 僒僀僶乕僔
儑僢僩偲僆儕儞僷僗惢僇儊儔梡偺 USB 僗儅乕僩僇乕僪儕乕僟乕偱偡丅僶乕僕儑
儞 2.2.19 埲崀偺僇乕僱儖偱偁傟偽摦嶌偡傞偲巚偄傑偡偑丄曐徹偼偁傝傑偣傫
丅巹偺偲偙傠偱偼僶乕僕儑儞 2.2.15 偺僇乕僱儖偱摦嶌偟側偄偙偲偼妋擣偟傑
偟偨丅

杮 HOWTO 偺撪梕偼巹偑僩儔僽儖傪夝寛偟偨偲偒偺懱尡択偱偡丅偙傟埲奜偵傕夝
寛曽朄偑偁傞偺偱偟傚偆偑丄僇乕僱儖偺嵞僐儞僷僀儖傪梫偡傞偺偱巹偺岲傒偱
偼偁傝傑偣傫丅偙偺 HOWTO 傪撉傔偽丄娫堘偄側偔 USB 儅僗僗僩儗乕僕傪婲摦
帪偵擣幆偝偣傜傟傞傛偆偵側傝傑偡丅

傑偨 Linux 偼敪揥搑忋偺媄弍偱傕偁傝丄懡悢偺恖娫偑娭傢傞媄弍偱傕偁傞偺偱
丄撉幰屌桳偺媈栤偵懳偡傞摎偊偑偙偺 HOWTO 偵尒偮偐傜側偔偰傕丄摎偊傪扵偡
偺偵偳偙偐傜巒傔傞偲椙偄偐彂偄偰偁傞偼偢偱偡丅摎偊扵偟偺夁掱偱壗偐孈傝
弌偟暔傪尒偮偗偰偔偩偝偄丅

"gphoto2 README" 偐傜偺堷梡傪埲壓偵帵偟傑偡丅偙傟傪尒傟偽忋婰埲奜偺僇儊
儔傪偙偺庤弴偱宷偖曽朄偵偮偄偰僸儞僩偑摼傜傟傞偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丅 (扤偵挊
嶌尃偑婣懏偡傞偺偐丄柤慜傪尒偮偗傜傟傑偣傫偱偟偨丅) 峏怴忣曬偵偮偄偰偼
"gphoto" 偺儕儞僋傪嶲徠偟偰偔偩偝偄乗 http://www.gphoto.org

    師偵偄傢備傞 USB 儅僗僗僩儗乕僕僾儘僩僐儖傪僒億乕僩偡傞僇儊儔傪帵偟
    傑偡丅 USB 儅僗僗僩儗乕僕僾儘僩僐儖偼岞奐嵪傒偱偁傝丄偙傟傪巊偊偽偳
    傫側婰壇僨僶僀僗偱傕庬椶傪栤傢偢傾僋僙僗壜擻偱偡丅 USB 宱桼偱僐儞僺
    儏乕僞乕偵愙懕偟偨僇儊儔傗僨傿僗僋偱傕摨偠偱偡丅 USB 儅僗僗僩儗乕僕
    僾儘僩僐儖梡偺僪儔僀僶偼婛偵懚嵼偡傞偺偱丄gphoto2 偺傛偆側僾儘僌儔
    儉傪捛壛偡傞昁梫偼偁傝傑偣傫丅
   
    尰帪揰偱偼師偺婡庬偑 USB 儅僗僗僩儗乕僕僾儘僩僐儖傪僒億乕僩偟偰偄傞
    傛偆偱偡乗
   
     仩 Casio QV [2x00,3x00,8000]
       
     仩 Fuji FinePix S1 Pro, [1400,2400,4700]Zoom, 1300, 4500
       
     仩 HP PhotoSmart 315, 618, 912
       
     仩 Leica Digilux 4.3
       
     仩 Konica KD300Z
       
     仩 Kyocera Finecam s3
       
     仩 Minolta Dimage 7
       
     仩 Nikon Coolpix 995
       
     仩 Olympus C-100, C-200Z, C-700, C-860L, C-2040, C-3020Z, C-3040Z,
        C-4040Zoom, D-510, E-10
       
     仩 Pentax Optio 330
       
     仩 Sony DSC-F505(V), DSC P5, DSC-F707
       
    廳偹偰尵偄傑偡偑丄忋婰偺僇儊儔偼 gphoto2 偐傜偼傾僋僙僗偱偒傑偣傫丅
   
    Kodak 偑拞怱偵側偭偰奐敪偟偨 PTP 傑偨偼 USB 僀儊乕僕儞僌僨僶僀僗偲
    屇偽傟傞僾儘僩僐儖傪僒億乕僩偡傞僇儊儔傕偁傝傑偡丅 gphoto2 偱偼 PTP
    傪傑偩僒億乕僩偟偰偄傑偣傫偑丄 jPhoto <http://
    jphoto.sourceforge.net> 偑僒億乕僩偟偰偄傑偡丅 PTP 僾儘僩僐儖傪僒億
    乕僩偡傞僇儊儔偼師偺婡庬偱偡乗
   
     仩 Kodak DC-4800, DX-3215, DX-3500, DX-3600, DX-3700, DX-3900, MC3
        媦傃 Kodak Easy ShareTM 僔僗僥儉傪嵦梡偡傞僇儊儔慡偰
       
     仩 Sony DSC-P5, DSC-F707 (2婡庬偲傕儐乕僓乕偑愝掕偡傞昁梫偑偁傝傑
        偡)
       
    gphoto2 偑 PTP 僾儘僩僐儖傪僒億乕僩偡傞傑偱忋婰婡庬偵偼懳墳偟傑偣傫
    丅
   
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1.4. 嶲峫忣曬

埲壓偺儅僯儏傾儖媦傃 HOWTO 偵栚傪捠偡偙偲傪偍姪傔偟傑偡丅栶偵棫偮忣曬偑
宖嵹偝傟偰偄傑偡丅

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1.4.1. Man Page

 丒 lsmod
   
 丒 modprobe
   
 丒 mount
   
 丒 mv
   
 丒 su
   
 丒 fstab
   
 丒 mtab
   
 丒 dir
   
 丒 install
   
 丒 mknod
   
 丒 chown
   
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1.4.2. HOWTO

 丒 Module-HOWTO
   
 丒 Bash-Prog-Intro-HOWTO
   
 丒 SCSI-2.4-HOWTO
   
 丒 Hardware-HOWTO
   
戝懡悢偺僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞偑 HOWTO 慡懱傪摨崼偟偰偄傑偡偑丄傕偟摨崼
偝傟偰偄側偗傟偽 http://www.tldp.org 偱庤偵擖傟傜傟傑偡丅

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1.4.3. 僂僃僽僒僀僩

 丒 http://www2.one-eyed-alien.net/~mdharm/Linux-usb/
   
 丒 http://www.Linux-usb.org/USB-guide/book1.html
   
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Chapter 2. 杮 HOWTO 偺慜採忦審

巹偑巊偭偰偄傞僔僗僥儉偼丄Athlon 900 偲 40GB 偺僴乕僪僨傿僗僋傪搵嵹偟偰
偄傑偡丅 SCSI 傗 USB 愙懕偺僨僶僀僗偼帩偭偰偄側偔偰丄僇乕僱儖偼 SCSI 傗
USB 僪儔僀僶傪慻傒崬傑偢偵僐儞僷僀儖偟偰偄傑偡丅 SCSI 偲 USB 偺僪儔僀僶
偼儌僕儏乕儖偲偟偰僐儞僷僀儖偟偰偄傑偡丅 Mandrake 8.1 偺僇乕僱儖
2.4.8_26mdk 傪巊偭偰偄傑偡偑丄僇乕僱儖儗儀儖偺嶌嬈側偺偱丄偙偺暥彂偺撪
梕偼僨傿僗僩儕價儏乕僔儑儞傪栤傢偢揔梡壜擻側偼偢偱偡丅

峏偵偙偺暥彂偺慜採忦審偲偟偰偼師偺傕偺偑偁傝傑偡乗

 丒 SCSI 偲 USB 梡偺儌僕儏乕儖偼堦愗儘乕僪丄儅僂儞僩偟偰偄傑偣傫丅
   
 丒 撉幰偑僗乕僷乕儐乕僓乕偱偁傝丄root 偺僷僗儚乕僪傪抦偭偰偄傑偡丅
   
 丒 僇儊儔偲偄偆扨岅偼丄僇儊儔傗僇乕僪儕乕僟乕媦傃偳傫側 USB 儅僗僗僩儗
    乕僕僨僶僀僗偵傕撉傒懼偊傜傟傑偡丅
   
 丒 儅僂儞僩億僀儞僩偺 "camera" 偡側傢偪 /mnt/camera 偼丄忋偱弎傋偨僨僶
    僀僗傪巜偡傕偺偱偼偁傝傑偣傫丅/mnt 僨傿儗僋僩儕傪尒傞偲 cdrom,
    disk, floppy 摍丄暋悢偺僨僶僀僗柤偑懚嵼偡傞偱偟傚偆丅巹偺儅僔儞偱偼
    丄偦偺傎偐偵 "camera" 偑偁傝傑偡丅 /mnt 僨傿儗僋僩儕壓偵偁傞偺偼僨
    傿儗僋僩儕偱偁傝丄儅僂儞僩億僀儞僩偱偡丅
   
 丒 "[bash]$" 偼僐儅儞僪儔僀儞僾儘儞僾僩傪昞偟傑偡丅僐儅儞僪傪擖椡偡傞
    嵺偵偙偺暥帤傑偱擖椡偟側偄偱偔偩偝偄丅僐儞僺儏乕僞乕偵擖椡偡傞嵺偵
    僐儅儞僪儔僀儞傪擖椡偡傞埵抲偱偡丅
   
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Chapter 3. 壓弨旛

偙偙偱偼寛傔偰偍偐側偗傟偽側傜側偄崁栚偑偄偔偮偐偁傝傑偡丅儅僂儞僩億僀
儞僩梡偵僨傿儗僋僩儕傪嶌惉偟傑偡偑丄偦偺僨傿儗僋僩儕偺柤慜傕寛傔傑偡丅
巹偺応崌偼 camera 偲偄偆柤慜偵偟偰 /mnt 偵嶌傝傑偟偨丅僨傿儗僋僩儕柤偼
(巹偺応崌偼 camera 偱偡偑) 偳傫側柤慜偵偟偰傕峔偄傑偣傫丅僨傿儗僋僩儕偺
嶌惉偼師偺僐儅儞僪偱峴偄傑偡乗

[bash]$ mkdir -m 777 /mnt/camera                                       

巹偼僨傿儗僋僩儕傪1屄嶌傝丄審柤枅偵僒僽僨傿儗僋僩儕傪嶌偭偰帺暘偺幨恀傪
慡偰偦偺拞偵抲偄偰偍偔偺偑岲傒側偺偱丄 picture 偲偄偆僨傿儗僋僩儕傪帺暘
偺儂乕儉僨傿儗僋僩儕偵嶌偭偰偄傑偡丅僨傿儗僋僩儕柤偼 (巹偺応崌偼
picture 偱偡偑) 偳傫側柤慜偵偟偰傕峔偄傑偣傫丅僨傿儗僋僩儕偺嶌惉偼師偺
僐儅儞僪偱峴偄傑偡乗

[bash]$ mkdir -m 777 ~/picture                                         

杮 HOWTO 枛旜偺 Section A.1 傪嶲徠偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

廳梫側暘婒揰偱偡! 偙偺嶌嬈偼 "堦斒儐乕僓乕" 偁傞偄偼 "僗乕僷乕儐乕僓乕/
root" 偲偟偰偺偳偪傜偱峴偄傑偡偐 ?

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Chapter 4. 僗僋儕僾僩僼傽僀儖

師偺僗僋儕僾僩僼傽僀儖偼 Linux 僯儏乕僗僌儖乕僾傪悢庬椶峸撉偟丄戝検偺
HOWTO 傗儅僯儏傾儖傪撉傫偩寢壥丄嶌惉偱偒傑偟偨丅偙偙偵偁傞僗僋儕僾僩偼
巹偺撈帺偺傾僀僨傾偵傛傞傕偺偱偼側偔丄宱尡朙偐側恖乆偑偔傟偨傾僪僶僀僗
偺廤戝惉偱偁傝傑偡丅僯儏乕僗僌儖乕僾偱巹偺幙栤傗偙偙偵偁傞忣曬傪扵偡恖
偨偪偑彂偒崬傫偩幙栤偵摎偊偰偔傟偨傒側偝傫偵戝偄偵姶幱偟傑偡丅

傑偢庤巒傔偵丄岲傒偺僄僨傿僞乕傪巊偭偰僼傽僀儖偵柤慜傪偮偗偰丄堦斒儐乕
僓乕丄偁傞偄偼僗乕僷乕儐乕僓乕偲偟偰師偺僗僋儕僾僩傪擖椡偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

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4.1. 堦斒儐乕僓乕偲偟偰儘僌僀儞偟偰偄傞応崌

僗僋儕僾僩僼傽僀儖偵師偺捠傝偵擖椡偟偰偔偩偝偄乗

echo "Please enter a directory name for the pictures."                  
read DIRPATH                                                            
mkdir ~/picture/$DIRPATH                                                
su -c "/sbin/modprobe usb-storage; mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera; 
/etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start;                                             
mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg ~/picture/$DIRPATH;                  
umount /mnt/camera;                                                     
chown -R your_login_name ~/picture/$DIRPATH"                            

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4.2. 僗乕僷乕儐乕僓乕偲偟偰儘僌僀儞偟偰偄傞応崌

僗乕僷乕儐乕僓乕偲偟偰巊偆偨傔偵偙偺僗僋儕僾僩傪嶌偭偰偄傞偺偱側偗傟偽 
Section 4.3 偵恑傫偱偔偩偝偄丅

僗僋儕僾僩僼傽僀儖偵師偺捠傝偵擖椡偟偰偔偩偝偄乗

echo "Please enter a directory name for the pictures."                 
read DIRPATH                                                           
mkdir picture/$DIRPATH                                                 
/sbin/modprobe usb-storage                                             
mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera                                    
/etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start                                             
mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH;                   
umount /mnt/camera                                                     
chown -R your_login_name picture/$DIRPATH                              

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

4.3. 僗僋儕僾僩傪幚峴壜擻偵偡傞

懕偄偰僗僋儕僾僩僼傽僀儖偺懏惈傪幚峴壜擻側傕偺偵曄偊傞偺偵師偺僐儅儞僪
傪巊偄傑偡乗

堦斒儐乕僓乕偺応崌乗

[bash]$ su -c "chmod a=r+w+x your_script_file_name"                    

僗乕僷乕儐乕僓乕偺応崌乗

[bash#] chmod a=r+w+x your_script_file_name                            

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

4.4. 僗僋儕僾僩偺幚峴拞偵峴傢傟傞張棟

僗僋儕僾僩傪幚峴偡傞偲丄審柤偛偲偺僨傿儗僋僩儕傪嶌惉偟傑偡丅 DIRPATH 偵
偼丄昁偢奿擺偡傞幨恀偵崌傢偣偨柤慜傪僐儅儞僪儔僀儞偐傜擖椡偟傑偡丅
your_script_file_name = getcamJ 偱偁傟偽 (J 偼 .jpg 偲偄偆奼挘巕傪帩偭
偨幨恀傪庢摼偡傞偲偄偆堄枴偱偡)丄僐儅儞僪擖椡偺棳傟偼師偺傛偆偵側傝傑偡
乗

[bash]$ getcamJ                                                        
Please enter a directory name for the pictures.                        
(幨恀傪奿擺偡傞僨傿儗僋僩儕偺柤慜傪擖椡偟偰偔偩偝偄)                   
bash]$ something                                                       
Password:                                                              
[bash]$ your root password                                             

偙偺僗僋儕僾僩傪僗乕僷乕儐乕僓乕尃尷偱幚峴偡傞恖偼丄偙偺抜棊偺巆傝傪撉
傓昁梫偼偁傝傑偣傫丅偙偺僗僋儕僾僩傪幚峴偡傞偵偼丄僗乕僷乕儐乕僓乕偵側
傞昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅偮傑傝 'su' 僐儅儞僪傪巊偄傑偡丅 -c 僼儔僢僌傪巊偆偲1
屄偺僐儅儞僪傪幚峴偟丄寢壥傪尰嵼偺幚峴僨傿儗僋僩儕偵曉偟傑偡丅堷梡晞
(quotation) 傪巊偆偲僐儅儞僪偺屻偵擖椡崁栚傪捛壛偱偒傑偡偟丄僙儈僐儘儞
傪巊偆偲暋悢偺僐儅儞僪傪幚峴偱偒傑偡丅

/sbin/modprobe usb-storage乗 modprobe 僐儅儞僪偼 USB 儅僗僗僩儗乕僕儌僕
儏乕儖傪昁梫側懠偺儌僕儏乕儖傗僪儔僀僶偲堦弿偵儘乕僪偟傑偡丅庡偵 SCSI
僪儔僀僶偱偡丅/dev 僨傿儗僋僩儕壓偵師偺僄儞僩儕偑偁傞偐妋擣偟偰偔偩偝偄
乗 sda0, sda1, sda2, sda3, sda4, sdb0, sdb1, sdb2, sdb3, sdb4 丅懠偵儅
僂儞僩偝傟偨 SCSI 僨僶僀僗偑偁傞側傜偽丄 sda1 傪揔愗側僨僶僀僗丄偍偦傜
偔 sdb1 偵僙僢僩偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

SCSI 僪儔僀僶傪儅僂儞僩乗 mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera

USB 傪婲摦乗 /etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start

幨恀傪僇儊儔偐傜僴乕僪僨傿僗僋偵揮憲偟偰偔偩偝偄丅mv 傪巊偊偽摨帪偵僇儊
儔偐傜幨恀傪嶍彍偱偒傑偡乗 mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/
$DIRPATH;

SCSI 僪儔僀僶傪傾儞儅僂儞僩偟偰偔偩偝偄乗 umount /mnt/camera

師偵 chown -R your_login_name picture/$DIRPATH 傪幚峴偟傑偡丅僗乕僷乕儐
乕僓乕 (su) 偁傞偄偼 root 偲偟偰幚峴偟偨寢壥丄僼傽僀儖偲幨恀偺強桳幰偼
root 偵側傝傑偡偐傜丄偙偺傑傑偱偼僼傽僀儖偲幨恀偵懳偟偰壗傜偐偺憖嶌傪偟
傛偆偲偟偰傕丄 permission denied (尃尷奜)僄儔乕偵側偭偰偟傑偄傑偡丅偙偺
僐儅儞僪傪擖椡偡傞偙偲偱 permission denied 僄儔乕傪夞旔偱偒傞偺偱丄徻偟
偄撪梕偵偮偄偰偼儅僯儏傾儖傪嶲徠偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

巹偺僔僗僥儉偱偼僐儞僷僀儖帪偵 USB 偲SCSI 傪僇乕僱儖偵慻傒崬傑偢丄慡偰
儌僕儏乕儖偲偟偰僐儞僷僀儖偟傑偟偨丅偙偙偱巊偭偨僗僋儕僾僩偼丄撉幰偺僔
僗僥儉傕摨偠愝掕偱偁傞偲偄偆慜採偱偡丅傕偟摨偠愝掕偱側偗傟偽曄峏偺昁梫
側傕偺傕偁傝傑偡丅儅僯儏傾儖偲 HOWTO 傪撉傓偐丄Linux 偺僯儏乕僗僌儖乕僾
偱幙栤偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 5. 帋峴偲旝挷惍

偝偰丄偙偙傑偱偱僙僢僩傾僢僾偑姰椆偟丄帋峴偺弨旛偑偱偒偨偼偢偱偡丅撉幰
偺僇儊儔偱棙梡壜擻側宍幃傪慡晹帋偟嶣傝偟偨幨恀傪嶣傝偵弌偐偗傑偟傚偆丅
巹偺僇儊儔偱偼4庬椶偺宍幃丄 TIFF, GIF, JPEG, MPEG 偑嶣塭壜擻偱丄偍傑偗
偵偦傟偧傟偺幨恀偺僒儉僱僀儖傕巊偊傑偡丅巹偺僜僯乕 P-50 偱偼嶣偭偨幨恀
偑儊儌儕乕儊僨傿傾撪偺4屄偺僒僽僼僅儖僟乕 100msdcf, imcif100, thm,
moml0001 偵暘偐傟偰奿擺偝傟傑偡丅僒僽僼僅儖僟乕偼峏偵2屄偺僼僅儖僟乕
dcim, mssony 偺拞偵偁傝傑偡丅帺暘偺僇儊儔偑偳偺傛偆側僨傿儗僋僩儕柤傪偮
偗傞偐妋擣偟偰偍偔昁梫偑偁傝傑偡丅僼僅儖僟乕柤傪妋擣偡傞偵偼師偺曽朄偑
巊偊傑偡乗

 丒 忋弎偺僗僋儕僾僩傪堘偆柤慜偱僐僺乕偟偰偔偩偝偄丅
   
 丒 僄僨傿僞傪巊偭偰僗僋儕僾僩傪曄峏偟偰偔偩偝偄乗 mv /mnt/camera/dcim/
    100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH 偲偄偆峴傪 mv /mnt/camera/* picture
    /$DIRPATH 偵
   
 丒 師偺傛偆偵僐儅儞僪儔僀儞偐傜僗僋儕僾僩傪幚峴偟偰偔偩偝偄乗
   
    [bash]$ ./your_script_file_name                                    
   
    (僪僢僩偲僗儔僢僔儏傪朰傟側偄傛偆偵)
   
劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

5.1. 峇偰傆偨傔偔慜偵妋擣傪

曄峏偟偨僗僋儕僾僩傪幚峴偡傞偲僄儔乕偑婲偙傞偙偲傕偁傝傑偡丅尰帪揰偱偼
僄儔乕偼柍帇偟偰偔偩偝偄丅徟偭偰丄摦偐側偄偠傖側偄偐偲尵偆慜偵丄幨恀偑
偁傞偐偳偆偐扵偟偰傒偰偔偩偝偄丅幨恀偑偁偭偨傜僨傿儗僋僩儕僷僗柤傪彂偒
棷傔偰偍偒傑偡丅僄僨傿僞偱僗僋儕僾僩僼傽僀儖傪傕偆堦搙奐偄偰 dcim/
100msdcf/*.jpg 偺晹暘傪彂偒棷傔偨僨傿儗僋僩儕僷僗偱抲偒姺偊傑偡丅堎側傞
僼僅乕儅僢僩偺幨恀僨乕僞傪慡偰埖偊傞傛偆偵丄僼僅乕儅僢僩偺悢偩偗僗僋儕
僾僩傪嶌惉偟傑偟傚偆丅

偙偙偱僴乕僪僨傿僗僋偺僨傿儗僋僩儕偼丄Section A.2 偺傛偆偵尒偊傞偼偢偱
偡丅師偺僐儅儞僪傪擖椡偟偰妋擣偟偰偔偩偝偄乗

[bash]$ dir -R name-of-your-picture-directory                          

杮暥彂偲儅僯儏傾儖丄HOWTO 偵偁傞忣曬傪巊偊偽偆傑偔偄偔偼偢偱偡丅

僌僢僪儔僢僋!

Dave

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 6. 徟傜偢偵妋擣偡傞偙偲!

傑偭偨偔偆傑偔偄偐側偗傟偽尨場傪捛媮偟偰偔偩偝偄丅僇儊儔傪巊偭偰幨恀偑
傑偩偁傞偐尒偰偔偩偝偄丅幨恀偑偁傟偽偙偺抜棊偺巆傝偼撉傒旘偽偟偰偔偩偝
偄丅偦偆偱側偗傟偽幨恀偼偳偙偐偵偁傞偼偢側偺偱丄傕偆堦搙扵偟偰偔偩偝偄
丅幨恀偑偳偙偵傕側偔尒偮偗傞偙偲傕偱偒側偗傟偽幨恀傪嶣傝捈偟傑偟傚偆丅
僇儊儔偺揹尮傪愗傝丄宷偓側偍偟偰婲摦偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

mv 僐儅儞僪傪巊偭偨偲偒偵儅僂儞僩億僀儞僩傊偺儕儞僋偑愗傟偰偄側偄偐丄 /
mnt/camera 偑偁傞偐傪妋擣偟偰偔偩偝偄丅傕偟側偗傟偽嵞搙嶌惉偟偰偔偩偝偄
丅儌僨僼傽僀僪儌乕僪 (modefied mode) 偱偼儅僂儞僩億僀儞僩偑尒偊側偔側偭
偰偄傞偙偲傕偁傝傑偡丅峏偵巹偺応崌偼丄帺暘偺僔僗僥儉偱 /dev 忋偺 SCSI
僨僶僀僗 (sda1) 偑偲偒偳偒嶍彍偝傟偰偄傑偟偨丅偦偺揰偵傕拲堄傪暐偄丄昁
梫偱偁傟偽嵞嶌惉偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

僄儔乕傪敪惗偟偨僗僋儕僾僩傪幚峴偟偨偲偒偵偱偒偨梋寁側僨傿儗僋僩儕偼慡
偰徚嫀偟偰丄怴偟偄僗僋儕僾僩傪幚峴偟丄摦嶌傪妋擣偟偰偔偩偝偄丅堦斒儐乕
僓乕儌乕僪偺偲偒偵僨傿儗僋僩儕偲僼傽僀儖偺徚嫀傪娙扨偵峴偆偵偼丄 su -
傪巊偆傋偒偱偟傚偆丅徚嫀偺嶌嬈偑廔傢偭偨傜朰傟偢偵堦斒儐乕僓乕儌乕僪偵
栠偟偰偔偩偝偄丅杮暥彂枛旜偺 Appendix C 傪嶲徠偟偰偔偩偝偄丅

壓婰偺傛偆偵擖椡偟偰偔偩偝偄乗

[bash]$ dmesg                                                          

師偺傛偆側弌椡傪妋擣偱偒傞偼偢偱偡丅

hub.c: USB new device connect on bus1/1, assigned device number 2                     
usb.c: USB device 2 (vend/prod 0x54c/0x10) is not claimed by any active driver. (The  
0x54c/0x10 will be different for different vendors.)                                  

偙偺弌椡偑妋擣偱偒傞偺偱偁傟偽丄USB 儅僗僗僩儗乕僕僨僶僀僗偑擣幆偝傟偰
偄傑偡

僇儊儔偺揹尮傪擖傟偰丄僗僋儕僾僩(曄峏嵪傒偺傕偺)傪幚峴偟偰偔偩偝偄丅
dmesg 傪傕偆堦搙幚峴偡傞偲師偺傛偆側弌椡偑摼傜傟傞偼偢偱偡乗

[bash]$ dmesg                                                          
                                                                       
SCSI subsystem driver Revision: 1.00                                   
Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...                                
usb.c: registered new driver usb-storage                               
scsi0 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices                    
Vendor: Sony Model: Sony DSC Rev: 3.22                                 
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02                             
WARNING: USB Mass Storage data integrity not assured                   
USB Mass Storage device found at 2                                     
USB Mass Storage support registered.                                   
Attached scsi removable disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0      
SCSI device sda: 126848 512-byte hdwr sectors (65 MB)                  
sda: Write Protect is off                                              
/dev/scsi/host0/bus0/target0/lun0: p1                                  
usb-uhci.c: interrupt, status 3, frame# 1628                           

偙偺僐儅儞僪傪幚峴偟偰丄Appendix B 傪撉傫偱偔偩偝偄丅

[bash]$ lsmod                                                          

lsmod 傪幚峴偟偨寢壥摼傜傟偨忣曬偑 Appendix B 偺傛偆側傕偺偱偁傝丄 
dmesg 偺弌椡撪梕偑忋婰偺傛偆側傕偺偱偁傞偺偵丄幨恀僨乕僞偑懚嵼偟側偄偺
偱偁傟偽丄巹偵偼壗偑娫堘偭偰偄傞偺偐尒摉傕偮偒傑偣傫丅怽偟栿側偄偱偡偑
丄巹偵偼慡偰偺庤弴傪嵟弶偐傜傗傝捈偟偰傒傑偟傚偆偲偄偆偙偲偩偗偟偐尵偊
傑偣傫丅捠忢側傜夋柺偵弌椡偡傞偲偙傠偱偡偑丄崱夞偵尷偭偰丄儕僟僀儗僋僔
儑儞僆僾僔儑儞 >filename 傪巊偭偰寢壥傪僼傽僀儖偵彂偒崬傒丄壓婰2偮偺僯
儏乕僗僌儖乕僾偺偳偪傜偐偵搳峞偟偰偔偩偝偄乗

 丒 alt.OS.Linux.mandrake
   
 丒 comp.OS.Linux.hardware
   
崱傑偱傗偭偨偙偲偺慡偰傪彂偄偰丄彆偗傪媮傔傑偟傚偆丅峫偊摼傞偙偲偺慡偰
傪嫇偘偰丄忣曬偑懡偄傎偳椙偄偺偱偡偑丄偮偄偱偵巹埗偵揹巕儊乕儖偱抦傜偣
偰偔偩偝偄丅巹偺傾僪儗僗偼 daveekelly@earthlink.net <mailto:
daveekelly@earthlink.net> 偱偡丅

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Chapter 7. 嵟屻偺偍傑偗

慡偰偑惓忢偵朷傒捠傝摦嶌偟偨屻偱丄峏偵朷傓側傜偱偒傞偙偲傕偁傝傑偡偑丄
昁偢偟傕昁恵偱偼偁傝傑偣傫丅幚峴壜擻側僗僋儕僾僩傪丄僪僢僩僗儔僢僔儏 (.
/) 傪慜偵偮偗偰僗僋儕僾僩偑抲偄偰偁傞僨傿儗僋僩儕偐傜幚峴偡傞傗傝曽傪懕
偗偰傕傛偄偟丄懠偺幚峴壜擻側傾僾儕働乕僔儑儞偑抲偄偰偁傞僨傿儗僋僩儕偵
僀儞僗僩乕儖偡傞偺偲偳偪傜偱傕偱偒傑偡丅巹偺偍姪傔偼 /usr/sbin 僨傿儗僋
僩儕偱偡丅 /usr/sbin 偵僀儞僗僩乕儖偡傞偵偼師偺庤弴偱峴偄傑偡乗

[bash]$ install file_name /usr/sbin                                    

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

Appendix A. 晅榐 A

A.1. PART 1

幨恀梡僨傿儗僋僩儕傪嶌傞偺偵巹偑偲偭偨傗傝曽偼師偺捠傝偱偡丅嵟忋埵偺僨
傿儗僋僩儕 picture 偲撪梕偵偁傢偣偨柤慜偺僒僽僨傿儗僋僩儕 smkbot 偑偁傝
傑偡丅

picture/smkbot:                                                        
dsc00117.jpg dsc00120.jpg dsc00123.jpg dsc00126.jpg dsc00129.jpg       
dsc00118.jpg dsc00121.jpg dsc00124.jpg dsc00127.jpg dsc00130.jpg       
dsc00119.jpg dsc00122.jpg dsc00125.jpg dsc00128.jpg dsc00131.jpg       

劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒劒 

A.2. PART 2

曄峏嵪傒偺僗僋儕僾僩僼傽僀儖傪巊偆偲幨恀偑暋悢偺僨傿儗僋僩儕偵暘偐傟偰
偟傑偄傑偡偑丄崱偺偲偙傠偼偙傟偱惓偟偄偺偱偡丅

picture/trash:                                                         
camera                                                                 
                                                                       
picture/trash/camera:                                                  
dcim mssony                                                            
                                                                       
picture/trash/camera/dcim:                                             
100msdcf                                                               
                                                                       
picture/trash/camera/dcim/100msdcf:                                    
dsc00357.jpg dsc00360.jpg dsc00363.jpg txt00365.gif                    
dsc00358.jpg dsc00361.jpg dsc00364.jpg txt00365.thm                    
dsc00359.jpg dsc00362.jpg dsc00366.jpg                                 
                                                                       
picture/trash/camera/mssony:                                           
imcif100                                                               
                                                                       
picture/trash/camera/mssony/imcif100:                                  
dsc00364.jpg dsc00366.tif                                              

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Appendix B. 晅榐 B

偙偙偱妋擣偟偨偄偺偼丄usb-storage 偺暥帤偑 Used by 楍偵昞帵偝傟傞揰偱偡
乗

Module       Size      Used by                                         
nls_iso8859-12880  0   (autoclean)                                     
nls_cp437 4400  0   (autoclean)                                        
sd_mod11792  0   (autoclean)                                           
vfat 9968  0   (autoclean)                                             
fat 32192  0  (autoclean) [vfat]                                       
usb-storage 52528 0                                                    
scsi_mod 91072 2 [sd_mod usb-storage]                                  
ppp_deflate 42208 0  (autoclean)                                       
bsd_comp  4576  0  (autoclean)                                         
ppp_async 6672  0  (autoclean)                                         
ppp_generic 19616  0  (autoclean) [ppp_deflate bsd_comp ppp_async]     
slhc 5136  0  (autoclean) [ppp_generic]                                
parport_pc  20240 1  (autoclean)                                       
lp 5808  0  (autoclean)                                                
parport  24768  1 (autoclean) [parport_pc lp]                          
es1371 26768  1                                                        
soundcore 4208  4 [es1371]                                             
ac97_codec  9312  0  [es1371]                                          
gameport  1856  0  [es1371]                                            
af_packet  12560  0 (autoclean)                                        
ip_vs 62000  0  (autoclean)                                            
usb-uhci  21232  0  (unused)                                           
usbcore  50752  1 [usb-storage usb-uhci]                               
rtc 5600  0  (autoclean)                                               

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Appendix C. 晅榐 C

僥僗僩梡偺僨傿儗僋僩儕傪慡偰嶍彍偡傞偲偒偼丄師偺僐儅儞僪傪巊偭偰偔偩偝
偄丅偨偩偟丄偔傟偖傟傕拲堄偟偰偔偩偝偄乗

[bash]$ rm -Rf picture/test_directory                                  

憐掕偟偰偄偨埲奜偺傕偺偑柍偔側傞偐傕偟傟傑偣傫丄test_directory 偼忋弎偺
僗僋儕僾僩偱 $DIRPATH 偵擖椡偟偨傕偺偱偁傞偼偢偱偡丅 (弶傔偰巊偆儐乕僓
乕偼懠偺応強偵僨傿儗僋僩儕僣儕乕傪嶌偭偰傒傞偲傛偄偱偟傚偆丄僼傽僀儖傪
僨傿儗僋僩儕偵僐僺乕偟偰丄庢傝曉偟偺偮偐側偄傛偆側偙偲偵側傞慜偵偙偺僐
儅儞僪傪堦搙僥僗僩偟偰偔偩偝偄丅) 孞傝曉偟偰尵偄傑偡偑丄儅僯儏傾儖傪撉
傫偱偔偩偝偄丅

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Appendix D. Gnu Free Documentation License

Version 1.1, March 2000

    Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place,
    Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy
    and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but
    changing it is not allowed.
   
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D.1. PREAMBLE

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the
effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this
License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for
their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications
made by others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works
of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
designed for free software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it
can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

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D.2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice
placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the
terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual
or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as
"you".

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.

A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License.

The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License.

A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the general
public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to
text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent
modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not
"Transparent" is called "Opaque".

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML
designed for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript,
PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
HTML produced by some word processors for output purposes only.

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus
such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this
License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats
which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text
near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the
beginning of the body of the text.

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D.3. VERBATIM COPYING

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.

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D.4. COPYING IN QUANTITY

If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these
Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts
on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the
full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible.
You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with
changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of
the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim
copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

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D.5. MODIFICATIONS

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of
it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
    from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
    (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
    of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
    if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
   
 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
    responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
    Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of
    the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than
    five).
   
 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
    Version, as the publisher.
   
 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
   
 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent
    to the other copyright notices.
   
 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
    giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
    terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
   
 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
    Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license
    notice.
   
 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
   
 I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to
    it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
    publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
    there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one
    stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
    given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
    Version as stated in the previous sentence.
   
 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
    public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
    the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
    it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You
    may omit a network location for a work that was published at least
    four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher
    of the version it refers to gives permission.
   
 K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
    preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
    substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/
    or dedications given therein.
   
 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
    their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent
    are not considered part of the section titles.
   
 M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not
    be included in the Modified Version.
   
 N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to
    conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
   
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties-\
-for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been
approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover
Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes
a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by
arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you
may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

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D.6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant
Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in
the various original documents, forming one section entitled "History";
likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any
sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled
"Endorsements."

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D.7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that
is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of
this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other
respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
document.

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D.8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of
the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they are
not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise
they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.

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D.9. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from
their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or
all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these
Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License
provided that you also include the original English version of this
License. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the
original English version of this License, the original English version
will prevail.

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D.10. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
remain in full compliance.

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D.11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/
copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

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D.12. How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:

     Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy,
    distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU
    Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version
    published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant
    Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being
    LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the
    license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation
    License".
   
If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover
Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being
LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to
permit their use in free software.

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Appendix E. 擔杮岅栿偵偮偄偰

擔杮岅栿偵偁偨偭偰偼丄嶳壓偝傫<dica@eurus.dti.ne.jp>丄偐偹偙偝傫
<skaneko@a2.mbn.or.jp>丄栘懞偝傫<t-kimura@po.shiojiri.ne.jp>偵嵏撉丄岆
傝偺巜揈傪偟偰捀偒傑偟偨丅屼楃怽偟忋偘傑偡丅

